First evidences for induced pseudo-viviparous germination in Ageratina adenophora (Crofton weed), a common alien weed of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2016.3.3.234Keywords:
Ageratina adenophora, invasive plants, pseudo-vivipary, allelopathy, Importance Value Index (IVI)Abstract
In the present investigation, an autecological study has been carried out for Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob., a common aggressive alien weed found in dense patches at different localities of Darjeeling Himalaya, West Bengal, India. Single generation colony, derived via induced pseudo-viviparous germination, outnumbers the associated species by its aggressiveness and allelopathic potentiality. The cypselae (fruits) mature during full monsoon and being laden with water droplets shed their deciduous calyx (pappus). The later thus cannot disperse away from the head (capitulum) by effective parachute mechanism. Very frequently, many of the cypselae get germinated with two minute paracotyledons on the receptacle that still attached with the mother plant by decaying receptacle stalk. Entire head with cluster of seedlings, becoming heavy by monsoon shower, drops down on the lower wet substratum. It is the beginning of the colony formation. Vigorous growth and allelopathic potentiality of the species decreases the establishment, growth and density of other plant species in that area facilitating procurement of more space and nutrients for the individuals by itself, leading to make a dense colony with very high Importance Value Index (IVI). All these features may be considered as an adaptation to maintain its invasiveness and dominance over the surrounding species.Downloads
References
Akhtar, N., H. Hussain Naqvi, and F. Hussaain. 1978. Biochemical inhibition (allelopathy) exhibited by Cenchrus ciliaris Linn. and Chrysopogon aucheri (Bioss) Stapf. Pak J For 28(4): 194-201.
Aung, L. H., A. Ball, and M. Kushad. 1990. Developmental and nutritional aspects of chayote (Sechium edule, Cucurbitaceae). Economic Botany, 44(2): 157-164. doi: 10.1007/BF02860483
Baniya, A. M. S., and M. D. Bhattarai. 1984. Distribution of Eupatorium adenophorum in some parts of Phulchoki hills and its soil relation. Kathmandu: Amrit Campus. 38 pp.
Biswas, K. 1934. Distribution of some of the common harmful exotic weeds established in the country. Ind For 60: 861-865.
Calera, M. R., A. L. Anaya and M. Gavilanes-Ruiz. 1995. Effect of phytotoxic resin glycoside on activity of H+-ATPase from plasma membrane. J Chem Ecol 21(3): 289-297. doi: 10.1007/BF02036718
Chettri, M. K. 1986. Effects of herbicides on Eupatorium adenophorum [thesis]. Kathmandu: Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University. 61 pp.
Elmqvist, T., and P. A. Cox. 1996. The evolution of vivipary in flowering plants. Oikos 77: 3-9. doi: 10.2307/3545579
Gawronska, H., and A. Golisz. 2006. Allelopathy and biotic stresses. In: Allelopathy – A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications. M. J. Regiosa, N. Pedrol, L. Gonzalez, Springer, Netherlands. pp. 211-227. doi: 10.1007/1-4020-4280-9_10
Gordon-Gray, K. D., H. Baijnath, C. J. Ward, and P. D. Wragg. 2009. Studies in Cyperaceae in southern Africa 42: Pseudo-vivipary in South African Cyperaceae. S Afr J Bot 75(1): 165-171. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2008.07.012
Inderjit and Duke, S. O. 2003. Ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy. Planta, 217(4): 529-539. doi: 10.1007/s00425-003-1054-z
Ismail, F. A., L. M. Nitsch, M. M. Wolters-Arts, C. Mariani, and J. W. Derksen. 2010. Semi-viviparous embryo development and dehydrin expression in the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Sex Plant Reprod 23(2): 95-103. doi: 10.1007/s00497-009-0127-y
Kunwar, R. M., V. N. G. Gupta, O. R. Vetaas, and Chaudhary. 2000. Vegetation dynamics of herbaceous plants in lower Arun river basin of Makalu Barun buffer zone, east Nepal. In: Proceeding of the international symposium on the Himalayan environments: Mountain sciences and ecotourism/biodiversity. Kathmandu. Kathmandu Hokkaido University. Tribhuvan University and the United Nations University. pp. 24-26.
Kuzmanović, N., P. Comanescu, and D. Lakušić. 2012. First record of vivipary in a species of the genus Sesleria (Poaceae). Botanica Serbica 36(2): 111-115.
Majumdar, S., S. Banerjee, and K. K. De. 2004. Vivipary in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Current Science 86(1): 29-30.
Milton, S. J., W. R. J. Dean, and S. J. Rahlao. 2008. Evidence for induced pseudo-vivipary in Pennisetum setaceum (Fountain grass) invading a dry river, arid Karoo, South Africa. S Afr J Bot 74(2): 348-349. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2007.11.012
NSW (New South Wales) noxious weed act, 1993.
Priestley, J. H. 1913. The quadrat as a method for the field excursion. J Ecol 1(2): 89-94. doi: 10.2307/2255667
Putnam, A. R., and W. B. Duke. 1978. Allelopathy in agroecosystems. Ann Rev Phytopathol 16(1): 431-451. doi: 10.1146/annurev.py.16.090178.002243
Qu, Y., Z. Xiao, G. Zhou, X. Liang, and X. Li. 2011. Mapping the distribution of Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum spreng) in southwest of China using time series remote sensing data. In: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2011 IEEE International (pp. 660-663). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049216
Rai, J. P. N., and R. S. Tripathi. 1982. Allelopathy as a factor contributing to dominance of Eupatorium riparium Regel [perennial weed species of family Asterace]. Ind J Ecol 9: 14-20.
Reigosa, M. J., N. Pedrol, and L. González. 2006. Allelopathy: a physiological process with ecological implications. Springer Science & Business Media, Netherlands.
Richardson, D. M., P. A. Williams, and R. J. Hobbs. 1994. Pine invasions in the Southern Hemisphere: determinants of spread and invadability. J Biogeogr 21(5): 511-527. doi: 10.2307/2845655
Tripathi, R. S., R. S. Singh, and J. P. N. Rai. 1981. Allelopathic potential of Eupatorium adenophorum, a dominant ruderal weed of Meghalaya. In: Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences 47(3): 458-465.
Vega, A. S., and Z. E. Rugolo-de-Agrasar. 2006. Vivipary and pseudovivipary in the Poaceae, including the first record of pseudovivipary in Digitaria (Panicoideae: Paniceae). S Afr J Bot 72(4): 559-564. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2006.03.012
Whittaker, R. H. 1971. The chemistry of communities. In: Biochemical interactions among plants, pp.10-18.
Yan, X., L. Zhenyu, W. P. Gregg, and L. Dianmo. 2001. Invasive species in China - an overview. Biodiver Conserv 10(8): 1317-1341. doi: 10.1023/A:1016695609745
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
