Herbal remedies used for the management of urolithiasis in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.4.1244

Keywords:

Herbal medicine, Traditional knowledge, Ethnobotany, Urolithiasis, Kidney stone

Abstract

The current study was performed to evaluate the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants to treat and prevent kidney diseases, especially urolithiasis in the Abbottabad region, Northern Pakistan. Field surveys were conducted from 2014–2016 in various rural and tribally dwelled hilly areas like Ayubia National Park, Sherwan and Thandiani. Ethnobotanical information about the medicinal plants employed to treat urinary ailments was obtained from well-informed sources like local healers (hakims) and residents (men/women), who had vast knowledge of local plants uses. The questionnaire method was adopted to record the information and queries were made to verify the information. Informed consent was obtained from each informant before conducting the interview process. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices were calculated for each recorded species. Correlation analysis between the RFC, UV and FL% was tested by Pearson’s correlation, SPSS (ver. 16). A total of 38 plant species belonging to 27 families were being used in the study area to treat Urolithiasis or kidney stone diseases. Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 5 species. Local people used different methods of preparation for different plant parts; among them, decoction was the popular and dominant way of preparation (52.6%), followed by powder (18.4%), extracts (15.7%), juice (7.8%) and cooked (5.2%). The highest UV was recorded for Rumex acetosa L. (1.14) followed by Agrimonia eupatoria L. (1.1), Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (1.05), Aerva lanata L. (1.04), Eclipta alba Hassak. (1.03). Moreover, twenty-three species were recoded with above 50% Fidelity level. It was found that most of the plant species (16 species) were explicitly used to remove kidney stones. All the obtained data about the ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat urinary tract ailments are alphabetically categorized to their botanical name/family, local name, phytoconstituents, dosage and route of administration, along with quantitative indices value. All the collected ethnomedicinal plants require a thorough scientific investigation for isolation, identification, biochemical assays, toxicities and evaluation of pharmacological activities of the phytoconstituents, especially of the plants recorded with a high-fidelity level before their usage in clinics.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Singh A, Chitra V. A Probe on the activity of herbal medicines in nephrolithiasis. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019; 12: 4539-4544. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00781.9

Kant R, Singh TG, Singh S. Mechanistic approach To herbal formulations used for urolithiasis treatment. Obesity Medicine. 2020: 100266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100266

Saeed ZI, Hussain SA. Chronic kidney disease in Pakistan: an under-recognized public health problem. Kidney Int. 2012; 81: 1151. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2012.47

Talati JJ, Hulton S-A, Garrelfs SF, Aziz W, Rao S, et al. Primary hyperoxaluria in populations of Pakistan origin: results from a literature review and two major registries. Urolithiasis. 2018; 46: 187-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-017-0996-8

Agawane SB, Gupta VS, Kulkarni MJ, Bhattacharya AK, Koratkar SS, et al. Patho-physiological evaluation of Duranta erecta for the treatment of urolithiasis. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2019; 10: 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.08.001

Nirumand MC, Hajialyani M, Rahimi R, Farzaei MH, Zingue S et al. Dietary plants for the prevention and management of kidney stones: preclinical and clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19: 765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030765

Bahmani M, Baharvand-Ahmadi B, Tajeddini P, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Naghdi N. Identification of medicinal plants for the treatment of kidney and urinary stones. J Renal Inj Prev. 2016; 5: 129. https://doi.org/10.15171/jrip.2016.27

Sundararajan R, Bharampuram A, Koduru R. A review on phytoconstituents for nephroprotective activity. Pharmacophore. 2014; 5: 160-82.

Kasote DM, Jagtap SD, Thapa D, Khyade MS, Russell WR. Herbal remedies for urinary stones used in India and China: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 203: 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.038

Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig E-M, Linder T, Wawrosch C et al. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnol Adv. 2015; 33: 1582-1614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001

Schippmann U, Leaman D, Cunningham A. A comparison of cultivation and wild collection of medicinal and aromatic plants under sustainability aspects. Frontis. 2006: 75-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5449-1_6

Shinwari Z. How to sustainably use medicinal plants: looking ahead; In Proceeding of International Workshop held in Islamabad. 2004. pp. 47-56.

Chaudhri I. Observations on the medicinal plants of Kaghan Valley. Pak J Forest. 1959; 9: 16-28.

Gilani SA, Qureshi RA, Farooq U. Ethnobotanical studies of Ayubia national park district Abbottabad, Pakistan. J Biol Sci. 2001; 1: 284-86. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2001.284.286

Ibrar M. Conservation of indigenous medicinal plants and their traditional knowledge found in moist temperate Himalayas Pakistan: Doctoral dissertation, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2003.

Matin A, Khan MA, Ashraf M, Qureshi RA. Traditional use of herbs, shrubs and trees of Shogran valley, Mansehra, Pakistan. Pak J Biol Sci. 2001; 4: 1101-07. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2001.1101.1107

Qureshi RA, Ghufran MA, Gilani SA, Yousaf Z, Abbas G et al. Indigenous medicinal plants used by local women in southern Himalayan regions of Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2009; 41:19-25.

Shah GM, Khan M, Manzoor H, Zafar J. An ethnobotanical note on fuel wood and timber plant species of Siran Valley, Pakistan. J Biol Sci. 2007; 7: 349-53. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2007.349.353

Shah GM, Khan MA. Checklist of Medicinal Plants of Siran Valley, Mansehra, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical leaflets. 2006;2006:6. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ebl/vol2006/iss1/6

Shah GM, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Khan AA. Observations on antifertility and abortifacient herbal drugs. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8.

Qureshi S, Khan M, Ahmad M. A survey of useful medicinal plants of Abbottabad in northern Pakistan. Trakia J Sci. 2008; 6: 39-51.

Majid A, Ahmad H, Saqib Z, Rahman IU, Khan U et al. Exploring threatened traditional knowledge; ethnomedicinal studies of rare endemic flora from Lesser Himalayan region of Pakistan. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2019; 29: 785-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.03.005

Alexiades MN, Sheldon JW Selected guidelines for ethnobotanical research: a field manual. Advances in Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 1996; 10.

Jain SK. Handbook of field and herbarium methods. Today and Tomorrow Printers and Publishers. New Delhi. 1977.

Vitalini S, Iriti M, Puricelli C, Ciuchi D, Segale A et al. Traditional knowledge on medicinal and food plants used in Val San Giacomo (Sondrio, Italy)—An alpine ethnobotanical study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 145: 517-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.024

Tardío J, Pardo-de-Santayana M. Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of Southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Econ Bot. 2008; 62: 24-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-007-9004-5

Rahman IU, Ijaz F, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Ali N, et al. Graphical dataset on important medicinal plants used for curing dental issues in Manoor Valley, Mansehra, Pakistan. Data in brief. 2016;9: 1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.025

Rahman IU, Ijaz F, Iqbal Z, Afzal A, Ali N et al. A novel survey of the ethno medicinal knowledge of dental problems in Manoor Valley (Northern Himalaya), Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 194: 877-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.068

Jagannath N, Chikkannasetty SS, Govindadas D, Devasankaraiah G. Study of antiurolithiatic activity of Asparagus racemosus on albino rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2012; 44: 576. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.100378

Sofia HN, Walter TM. Anti urolithiatic herbs and effective Siddha formulations. World J Pharm Res. 2015;4:892-911.

Sruthi S, Majumder S, Kumari S, Kavya TS, Padmaa M. A review on medicinal plants used as diuretics from karnataka state. World J Pharm Res. 2017; 6: 513-36. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20178-9791

Bansode P, Pawar P, Babar M. In-vitro urolithiatic activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum against experimentally designed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones. British Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2016;01:34-40.

Byahatti VV, Pai KV, D’Souza MG. Effect of phenolic compounds from Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. leaves on experimental kidney stones. Anc Sci Life. 2010; 30: 14. PMC3336267

Siddiqui WA, Shahzad M, Shabbir A, Ahmad A. Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic and diuretic activities of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 97: 1212-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.162

Amjad MS, Qaeem MF, Ahmad I, Khan SU, Chaudhari SK et al. Descriptive study of plant resources in the context of the ethnomedicinal relevance of indigenous flora: A case study from Toli Peer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. PLoS One. 2017; 12: e0171896. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171896

Chhatre S, Nesari T, Kanchan D. Phytopharmacological overview of Tribulus terrestris. Pharmacogn Rev. 2014; 8: 45. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.125530

Kumar P, Singhal VK. Erratic male meiosis resulting in 2n pollen grain formation in a 4x Cytotype (2????= 28) of Ranunculus laetus Wall. ex Royle. Sci World J. 2012; 97: 610–1. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/691545

Albadri HMB. Phytochemical investigation of horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) grown in Iraq. Ph.D. Thesis, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq, 2016.

Kamruzzaman HM, Hoq O. A review on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Phyllanthus niruri. J Med Plants Stud. 2016;4:173-80.

Milind P, Isha D. Zea maize: a modern craze. Int Res J Pharm. 2013; 4: 39-43. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04609

Prakash A, Janmeda P, Sharma V. Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Angiosperms: Aizoaceae): An Overview. Plant Science Today. 2019; 6: 590-99. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.sp1.678

Al-Snafi AE. Arabian medicinal plants with antiurolithiatic and diuretic effects-plant based review (Part 1). IOSR J Pharm. 2018; 8: 67-80.

Xu Y, Li M, Liu Z, WANG H-y, JIANG J-y. Research progress in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Polygonum aviculare L. J Anhui Agric Univ. 2012; 39: 812-15.

Fan W, Fan L, Peng C, Zhang Q, Wang L et al. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of Xanthium strumarium L.: A review. Molecules. 2019; 24: 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020359

Bello O, Fasinu P, Bello O, Ogbesejana A, Adetunji C et al. Wild vegetable Rumex acetosa L.: Its ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry–A review. S Afr J Bot. 2019; 125: 149-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.04.018

Ahirwar K. Effective healthful medicinal plants as antilithiatic Agents. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2019;8:1849-60.

Ahmed S, Hasan MM, Mahmood ZA. Antiurolithiatic plants: multidimensional pharmacology. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2016;5:4.

Badoni R, Kumar Semwal D, Rawat U, Singh Maniyari Rawat M. Chemical constituents from fruits and stem bark of Celtis australis L. Helv Chim Acta. 2011; 94: 464-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.201000229

Jahan N, Bano H, Makbul SAA, Kumar B, Mushir A. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizome against ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride-induced urolithiasis in male sprague-dawley rats. Urological Science. 2019;30:99. https://doi.org/10.4103/UROS.UROS_136_18

Khajuria AK, Bisht N. Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat Nephrolithiasis: A case study Pauri (PAURI Garhwal), Uttarakhand. Synthesis. 2016;2:5.

Makbul SAA, Jahan N, Kalam MA. Bio-active compounds from Unani medicinal plants and their application in Urolithiasis. Natural Bio-active Compounds: Springer; 2019. pp. 369-407. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7205-6_16

Hendrychová H, T?mová L. Bergenia genus-content matters and biological activity. Ceska a Slovenska farmacie: casopis Ceske farmaceuticke spolecnosti a Slovenske farmaceuticke spolecnosti. 2012; 61: 203-09. PMC7730924

Kumar P, Javed MS, Tewari A, Bisht K. Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antifungal activity of essential oil from the rhizome of Bergenia stracheyi (Hook. f. & Thomson) Engl. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2017; 7: 37-43. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v7i1.1365

Kumar V, Tyagi D. Review on phytochemical, ethnomedical and biological studies of medically useful genus Bergenia. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2013;2:328-34.

Xu W, Zhu L, Dou D, Zu L, Yan S, et al. Formulation and consideration of World Health Organization international classification of traditional medicine. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;40:157-61. PMID: 32227778

Verma S, Singh S. Current and future status of herbal medicines. Veterinary World. 2008;1:347-50. https://doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2008.347-350

Nolan JM, Turner NJ. Ethnobotany: The study of people-plant relationships. Ethnobiology. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. 2011: 133-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118015872.ch9

Mussin J, Giusiano G Ethno–Phytopharmacology: product validation process based on traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Agricultural, Forestry and Bioindustry Biotechnology and Biodiscovery: Springer; 2020. pp. 331-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51358-0_17

Sequeira V. Medicinal plants and conservation in São Tomé. Biodivers Conserv. 1994; 3: 910-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129666

Wanjohi BK, Njenga EW, Sudoi V, Kipkore WK, Moore HL et al. Ethnobotanical study of traditional knowledge, sustainable uses and management of indigenous non-medicinal plants among the Marakwet Community (Embobut Basin), Elgeyo Marakwet County (Kenya). Ethnobot Res Appl. 2020; 20: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.20.1.1-16

Negi J, Singh P, Joshi G, Rawat M, Bisht V. Chemical constituents of Asparagus. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4 (8):215-20. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70921

Singh A, Bais RT, Singh V. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Myristica fragrans extract against oral pathogens. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017; 6: 339-43. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.601.041

Saha S, Verma RJ. Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallisation in-vitro by an extract of Bergenia ciliata. Arab J Urol. 2013; 11: 187-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2013.04.001

Sivapalan SR. Medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of Cyperus rotundus Linn.-A Review. Int J Sci Res Pub. 2013;3:1-8.

Gumula I, Alao JP, Ndiege IO, Sunnerhagen P, Yenesew A et al. Flemingins G–O, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Constituents of the Leaves of Flemingia grahamiana. J Nat Prod. 2014; 77: 2060-67. https://doi.org/10.1021/np500418n

Kumar A, Rani NS, Sagwal S. An absolute review on Oxalis corniculata Linn. Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci. 2012;3:1173-88.

Srikanth M, Swetha T, Veeresh B. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Oxalis corniculata Linn.: A review. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2012;3:4077.

Nikolaeva G, Lavrent’Eva M, Nikolaeva I. Phenolic compounds from several Polygonum species. Chem Nat Compd. 2009; 45: 735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9414-y

Goyal B, Alok S, Jain S, Verma A, Kumar M. Phytochemical and pharmacological invastigation on the leaves of Tamarindus indica Linn. For antilithiatic activity. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2014;5:259.

Lakshmi S, Prabhakaran V, Mallikarjuna G, Gowthami A. Antilithiatic activity of Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2014;25:16-22.

Hem K, Sharma V, Kumar D, Singh NK, Gautam DNS. Ethanopharmacology, pharmacology and phytochemistry of Trichodesma indicum (Linn.) R. Br. Indian J Agr Allied Sci. 2015;1:441-50.

Panigrahi PN, Dey S, Sahoo M, Choudhary SS, Mahajan S. Alteration in Oxidative/nitrosative imbalance, histochemical expression of osteopontin and antiurolithiatic efficacy of Xanthium strumarium L. in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;84:1524-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.029

Rathod VD, Fitwe P, Sarnaik D, Kshirsagar S. In vitro anti-urolithiatic activity of corn silk of Zea mays. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2013; 21:16-19.

Sher H, Ajaz M, Sher H. Sustainable utilization and economic development of some plant resources in Northern Pakistan. Acta Botanica Yunnanica. 2007; 9:207.

Ijaz F, Iqbal Z, Rahman I, Ali N, Qadir G et al. The role of plants in human welfare. J Tradit Med Clin Natur. 2017;6:214. https://doi.org/10.4172/2573-4555.1000214

Rahman IU, Ijaz F, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Ali N et al. Contributions to the phytotherapies of digestive disorders: Traditional knowledge and cultural drivers of Manoor Valley, Northern Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 192: 30-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.049

Shad N, Zhang L, Shah GM, Haifu F, Ilyas M et al. Plant invasion and N2O emission in forest ecosystems. Advances in Forest Management under Global Change: IntechOpen; 2020. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92239

Thomas CD, Cameron A, Green RE, Bakkenes M, Beaumont LJ et al. Extinction risk from climate change. Nature. 2004; 427: 145-48. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02121

Published

23-08-2021 — Updated on 01-10-2021

How to Cite

1.
Ghulam MS, Shad N, Sajid M, Asma, Naeem A, Khan FU, Jabeen N, Urooj M, Muhammad S, Hasnain M. Herbal remedies used for the management of urolithiasis in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2021 Oct. 1 [cited 2024 Nov. 4];8(4):836-47. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/1244

Issue

Section

Research Articles