The relative contribution of applied inputs of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) agro-ecosystem on environmental factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1707Keywords:
Global warming, acidification, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, abiotic depletionAbstract
In this study, the environmental impacts of rapeseed production were studied using the SimaPro software. The initial data were collected from 30 farmers in the Alborz Province by face-to-face questionnaire method. The selected functional unit (FU) was one Mton-1 rapeseed production. Five environmental indices were evaluated, including the potential of abiotic depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming and ozone layer depletion. To produce each ton of rapeseed, 84 kg of nitrogen, 63 kg of phosphate, 63 kg of potassium, 133.5 l of diesel fuel and 586 kW of electricity were used. Also, the CO2, CO, N2O and NOX (different types of oxides of nitrogen) emissions were about 361, 4.1, 11.5 and 4.8 kg per ton of rapeseed respectively. The results indicate that the global warming potential amounts to 1629.52 kg CO2 eq. Also, the acidification and eutrophication potentials were found to be 8.31 kg SO2 eq. and 2.73 kg PO4 eq. respectively. It was also revealed that the chemical fertilizers had the highest contribution among the evaluated inputs within the rapeseed growing period. Overall, this study showed that reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen-based ones, is important for reducing environmental footprints in rapeseed production.
Downloads
References
Fridrihsone A, Romagnoli F, Cabulis U. Environmental life cycle assessment of rapeseed and rapeseed oil produced in northern Europe: A Latvian case study. Sustainability. 2020;12(14):5699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145699.
Khanali M, Mousavi SA, Sharifi M, KeyhaniNasab F, Chau KW. Life cycle assessment of canola edible oil production in Iran: A case study in Isfahan province. J Clean Prod. 2018;196:714-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.217.
Shiri M, Ataei R, Golzardi F. Life cycle assessment (LCA) for maize production system under Moghan climatic conditions. Environ Sci. 2018;16(1):191-206.
Nazari Sh, Aboutalebian MA, Golzardi F. Seed priming improves seedling emergence time, root characteristics and yield of canola in the conditions of late sowing. Agron Res. 2017;15(2):501-14.
Nemecek T, Heil A, Huguenin O, Meier S, Erzinger S, Blaser S et al. 2007. Life cycle inventories of agricultural production systems. Final Report Ecoinvent. Ecoinvent center. Zürich and Dübendorf, Swiss. 2007;1-295.
Choobin S, Hosseinzadeh Samani B, Esmaeili Z. Life-cycle assessment of environmental effects on rapeseed production. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment. 2016; 3(4):10-19. https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2016.70095.
Rajaeifar MA, Ghobadian B, Davoud Heidari M, Fayyazi E. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel production from rapeseed in Iran. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2013;5(6):063134. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4854596.
Abeliotis K, Detsis V, Pappia C. Life cycle assessment of bean production in the Prespa National Park, Greece. J Clean Prod. 2013; 41:89-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.09.032.
Khoshnevisan B, Rajaeifar MA, Clark S, Shamahirband S, Anuar NB, Shuib NL et al. Evaluation of traditional and consolidated rice farms in Guilan Province, Iran, using life cycle assessment and fuzzy modeling. Sci Total Environ. 2014; 481:242-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.052.
Sahle A, Potting J. Environmental life cycle assessment of Ethiopian rose cultivation. Sci Total Environ. 2012;443:163-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.048.
Mousavi-Avval SH, Rafiee S, Jafari A. Sensitivity analysis of agrochemical energy inputs and their environmental impacts in rapeseed production. Jordan International Energy Conference. Amman, Jordan. 2011.
Mousavi-Avval SH, Rafiee S, Jafari A, Mohammadi A. Improving energy use efficiency of canola production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Energy. 2011b; 36(5):2765-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.016.
Wi?k A, Tkacz K. Carbon Footprint: an Ecological Indicator in Food Production. Pol J Environ Stud. 2013; 22(1):53-61.
Brentrup F, Küsters J, Kuhlmann H, Lammel J. Application of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to agricultural production: an example of sugar beet production with different forms of nitrogen fertilisers. Eur J Agron. 2001; 14(3):221-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00098-8.
Kongshaug G. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in fertilizer production. In: IFA Tech. Conf., Marrakech, Morocco, 1998. Int. Fertilizer Industry Assoc.
Isermann K. Share of agriculture in nitrogen and phosphorus emissions into the surface waters of Western Europe against the background of their eutrophication. Fertil Res. 1990; 26(1):253-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01048764.
Monnin E, Indermuhle A, Dallenbach A, Fluckiger J, Stauffer B, Stocker TF et al. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last glacial termination. Sci. 2001; 291(5501):112-14. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5501.112.
Kroze C, Mossier A, Bouwman L. Closing the global N2O budget: a retrospective analysis. Global Biogeochem Cycle. 1999;13:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GB900020.
Van den Berg F, Kubiak R, Benjey WG, Majewski MS, Yates SR, Reeves GL, Smelt JH, van der Linden AMA. Emission of pesticides into the air. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1999; 115: 195-218. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234329622.
Salyani M, Cromwell RP. Spray drift from ground and aerial applications. Trans ASABE. 1992; 35(4):1113-20. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.28708.
Rebitzer G, Ekvall T, Frischknecht R, Hunkeler D, Norris G, Rydberg T et al. Life cycle assessment: Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis and applications. Environ Int. 2004;30(5):701-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2003.11.005.
Gooedkoop M, De Schryver A, Oele M, Durksz S, De Roest D. Introduction to LCA with SimaPro 7, PRé Consultants. California, USA. 2008:1-80.
Mousavi-Avval SH, Rafiee S, Sharifi S, Hosseinpour S. Assessment of energy life cycle and environmental impact of production of rapeseed in Mazandaran province with two different approaches. Iran J Biosyst Eng. 2015;46:265.
Brentrup F, Küsters J, Kuhlmann H, Lammel J. Environmental impact assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment methodology: I. Theoretical concept of a LCA method tailored to crop production. Eur J Agron. 2004; 20:247-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(03)00024-8.
Rajaeifar MA, Akram A, Ghobadian B, Rafiee S, Heidari MD. Energy-economic life cycle assessment (LCA) and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of olive oil production in Iran. Energy. 2014;66:139-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.059.
Shabani G, Ardakani MR, Chaichi MR, Friedel JK, Khavazi K. Effect of different fertilizing treatments on nutrient uptake in annual medic (Medicago scutellata cv. robinson) under irrigated and dry farming systems. J Agr Sci Tech. 2015; 17: 299-310. Available at: http://journals.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10126-en.html.
Wang F, Yue Z, Zhao D, Liu B. Improving energy and GHG performance of the rice-wheat rotation system: A life-cycle analysis based on a largescale behavior investigation. J Clean Prod. 2020; doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120319.
Fathi A, Barari Tari D, Fallah-Amoli H, Niknejad Y. Study of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in corn production systems: influence of different tillage systems and use of fertilizer. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2020;51: 769-78. DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2020.1729373.
Hashempour N, Ardakani MR, Mahdavi Damghani A, Paknejad F, Ilkaei MN. Evaluation of energy consumption of corn agro-ecosystem associated with greenhouse gas emissions in semi-arid conditions. Agr Nat Resour. 2022; 56: 255-66. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.anres.2022.56.2.04.
MoshiriF, Ebrahimi H, Ardakani MR, Rejali F, Mousavi SM. Biogeochemical distribution of Pb and Zn forms in two calcareous soils affected by mycorrhizal symbiosis and alfalfa rhizosphere. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019; 179: 241-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.055
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 01-10-2022 (2)
- 15-09-2022 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Shahram Khosravi Bami, Mohammad Reza Ardakani, Abdolmajid Mahdavi Dameghani, Amir Hossein Shirani Rad, Parisa Nejatkhah Manavi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
