Unravelling the potential of susceptibility genes in plant disease management: Present status and future prospects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2145Keywords:
Susceptibility, Resistance, Disease, SilencingAbstract
The increasing global population requires an equivalent increase in food production to meet the global food demand. Crop production is challenged by various biotic and abiotic stresses, which decrease crop yield and production. Thus, proper disease management for crops ensures global food security. Various chemical, physical, and biological disease control methods have been devised and used for plant protection. However, due to the low efficiency of these methods, modern research has shifted to genetic engineering approaches. The recent advances in molecular techniques have revealed the molecular mechanisms controlling the plant’s innate immune system and plant-pathogen interactions. Earlier studies revealed that the pathogens utilize the susceptibility (S) genes in hosts for their sustainability and disease development. The resistance achieved by suppressing the S genes expression provides resistance against pathogens. Exploiting S genes for imparting/enhancing disease resistance would offer a more durable and effective alternative to conventional disease control methods. Therefore, the present review highlights the potential of this novel tool for inducing disease resistance in plants.
Downloads
References
Dormatey R, Sun C, Ali K, Coulter JA, Bi Z, Bai J. Gene pyramiding for sustainable crop improvement against biotic and abiotic stresses. Agronomy. 2020;9:1255. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091255
Guzman GM, Cellini F, Fotopoulos V, Balestrini R, Arbona V. New approaches to improve crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Physiologia Plantarum. 2022;174:e13547. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13547
Savary S, Ficke A, Aubertot JN, Hollier C. Crop losses due to diseases and their implications for global food production losses and food security. Food Security. 2012;4:519-37. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12571-012-0200-5
Oerke EC, Dehne HW. Safeguarding production: Losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protection. 2004;23:275-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2003.10.001
Engelhardt S, Stam R, Hückelhoven R. Good riddance? Breaking disease susceptibility in the era of new breeding technologies. Agronomy. 2018;114:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8070114
Serrão JE, Plata-Rueda A, Martínez LC, Zanuncio JC. Side-effects of pesticides on non-target insects in agriculture: a mini-review. The Science of Nature. 2022;109:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-022-01788-8
Jamaloddin M, Mahender A, Gokulan CG, Balachiranjeevi C, Maliha A, Patel HK, Ali J. Molecular approaches for disease resistance in rice. In rice improvement. Springer, Cham. 2021;31578. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_10
Bigini V, Camerlengo F, Botticella E, Sestili F, Savatin DV. Biotechnological resources to increase disease-resistance by improving plant immunity: A sustainable approach to save cereal crop production. Plants. 2021;10:1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061146
Wani SH, Samantara K, Razzaq A, Kakani G, Kumar P. Back to the wild: mining maize (Zea mays L.) disease resistance using advanced breeding tools. Molecular Biology Reports. 2022;1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06815-x
ValkonenJPT. Elucidation of virus-host interactions to enhance resistance breeding for control of virus diseases in potato. Breeding Science. 2015;65:69-76. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.65.69
Ozyigit II. Gene transfer to plants by electroporation: methods and applications. Molecular Biology Reports. 2020;47:3195-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05343-4
Boccardo NA, Segretin ME, Hernandez I, Mirkin FG, Chacón O, Lopez Y, Borrás-Hidalgo O, Bravo-Almonacid FF. Expression of pathogenesis-related proteins in transplastomic tobacco plants confers resistance to filamentous pathogens under field trials. Scientific Reports. 2019;9:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598019-39568-6
Kamber T, Pothier JF, Pelludat C, Rezzonico F, Duffy B, Smits THM. Role of the type VI secretion systems during disease interactions of Erwinia amylovora with its plant host. BMC Genomics. 2017;18:628. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4010-1
Tyagi S, Kumar R, Kumar V, Won SY, Shukla P. Engineering disease resistant plants through CRISPR-Cas9 technology. GM Crops and Food. 2021;12:125-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1831729
Silva MS, Arraesa FBM, Campos MA, Grossi-de-Sa M, Fernandez D, Cândido ES, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Review: Potential biotechnological assets related to plant immunity modulation applicable in engineering disease-resistant crops. Plant Science. 2018;270:72-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.013
Yuan M, Ngou BPM, Ding P, Xin XF. PTI-ETI crosstalk: An integrative view of plant immunity. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2021;62:102030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102030
Shamrai SM. Recognition of pathogen attacks by plant immune sensors and induction of plant immune response. Cytology and Genetics. 2022;56:46-58. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0095452722010108
Tao H, Shi X, He F, Wang D, Xiao N, Fang H, Wang R, Zhang F, Wang M, Li A, Liu X. Engineering broad?spectrum diseaseresistant rice by editing multiple susceptibility genes. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 2021;63:1639-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13145
Kieu NP, Lenman M, Wang ES, Petersen BL, Andreasson E. Mutations introduced in susceptibility genes through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing confer increased late blight resistance in potatoes. Scientific Reports. 2021;11:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83972-w
Garcia-Ruiz H, Szurek B, Van den Ackerveken G. Stop helping pathogens: engineering plant susceptibility genes for durable resistance. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2021;70:187-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2021.05.005
Vogel JP, Raab TK, Schiff C, Somerville SC. PMR6, a pectate lyase-like gene required for powdery mildew susceptibility in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2002;14:2095-106. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.003509
Marcianò D, Ricciardi V, Fassolo EM, Passera A, Bianco PA, Failla O, Casati P, Maddalena G, De Lorenzis G, Toffolatti SL. RNAi of a putative grapevine susceptibility gene as a possible downy mildew control strategy. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021;12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.667319
Lata H, Sharma A, Chadha S, Kaur M, Kumar P. RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism and application in vegetable crops. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 2021;1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2021.1988729
Hung YH, Slotkin RK. The initiation of RNA interference (RNAi) in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2021;61:102014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102014
Bushra T, Zunaira S, Muhammad T, Anwar K, Naila S, Muhammad B, Memoona R, Muhammad SI, Idrees AN, Tayyab H. Overview of acquired virus resistance in transgenic plants. Experimental Agriculture and Horticulture. 2013;2:12-28.
Iwakawa HO, Tomari Y. Life of RISC: Formation, action and degradation of RNA-induced silencing complex. Molecular Cell. 2022;82:30-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.026
Singh B, Kukreja S, Salaria N, Thakur K, Gautam S, Taunk J, Goutam U. VIGS: a flexible tool for the study of functional genomics of plants under abiotic stresses. Journal of Crop Improvement. 2019;33:567-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1640821
Tomar M, Singh B, Bhardwaj V, Sood S, Singh B, Salaria N, Thakur K, Kumar A, Sharma N, Goutam U. Validation of molecular response of tuberization in response to elevated temperature by using a transient Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in potato. Functional and Integrative Genomics. 2021;21:215-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-021-00771-2
Akbar S, Wei Y, Zhang MQ. RNA interference: promising approach to combat plant viruses. International Journal of MolecularSciences. 2;23(10):5312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105312
Stein M, Dittgen J, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Hou BH, Molina A, Schulze-Lefert P, Lipka V. Arabidopsis PEN3/PDR8, an ATP binding cassette transporter, contributes to nonhost resistance to inappropriate pathogens that enter by direct penetration. The Plant Cell. 2006;18(3):731-46. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.038372
Nicaise V, Roux M, Zipfel C. Recent advances in PAMP-triggered immunity against bacteria: pattern recognition receptors watch over and raise the alarm. Plant Physiology. 2009;150:1638-47. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.139709
Pelgrom, Alexandra JE, Van den Ackerveken Guido. Microbial pathogen effectors in plant disease. In: eLS. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd: Chichester. 2016;1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0023724
Ronde D, Butterbach P, Kormelink R. Dominant resistance against plant viruses. Front Plant Science. 2014;5:307. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00307
Jones JDG, Dangl JL. The plant immune system. Nature. 2006;444(7117):323-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05286
Ribeiro do Vale FX, Parlevliet JE, Zambolim L. Concepts in plant disease resistance. Fitopatologia Brasiliera. 2001;26:577-89. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-41582001000300001
Pavan S, Jacobsen E, Visser RF, Bai Y. Loss of susceptibility as a novel breeding strategy for durable and broad-spectrum resistance. Molecular Breeding. 2010;25:1-12. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11032-009-9323-6
Cowger C, Brown JK. Durability of quantitative resistance in crops: greater than we know? Annual Review of Phytopathology. 2019;57:253-77. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto082718-100016
Senthil-Kumar M, Mysore KK. Non-host resistance against bacterial pathogens: Retrospectives and prospects. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 2013;51:407-27. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102319
Truniger V, Aranda MA. Recessive resistance to plant viruses. Advances in Virus Research. 2009;75:119-59. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3527(09)07504-6
van Schie CN, Takken FLW. Susceptibility genes 101: How to be a good host. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 2014;52:551-81. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-045854
Yi M, Valent B. Communication between filamentous pathogens and plants at the biotrophic interface. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 2013;51:587-611. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevphyto-081211-172916
Bhanot V, Fadanavis SV, Panwar J. Revisiting the architecture, biosynthesis and functional aspects of the plant cuticle: There is more scope. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2021;183:104364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104364
Hansjakob A, Riederer M, Hildebrandt U. Wax matters: absence of very-long-chain aldehydes from the leaf cuticular wax of the glossy11 mutant of maize compromises the prepenetration processes of Blumeria graminis. Plant Pathology. 2011;60:115161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02467.x
Wang E, Schornack S, Marsh JF, Gobbato E, Schwessinger B, Eastmond P, Schultze M, Kamoun S, Oldroyd GE. A common signaling process that promotes mycorrhizal and oomycete colonization of plants. Current Biology. 2012;22:2242-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.043
Uppalapati SR, Ishiga Y, Doraiswamy V, Bedair M, Mittal S, Chen J, Nakashima J, Tang Y, Tadege M, Ratet P, Chen R, Schultheiss H, Mysore KS. Loss of abaxial leaf epicuticular wax in Medicago truncatula irg1/palm1 mutants results in reduced spore differentiation of anthracnose and nonhost rust pathogens. Plant Cell. 2012;24:353-70. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.093104
Chassot C, Nawrath C, Metraux JP. The cuticle: not only a barrier for plant defence: a novel defence syndrome in plants with cuticular defects. Plant Signaling andBehavior. 2008;3:142-44. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.3.2.5071
Abuqamar S, Ajeb S, Sham A, Enan MR, Iratni R. A mutation in the expansin-like A2 gene enhances resistance to necrotrophic fungi and hypersensitivity to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Plant Pathology. 2013;14:813-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12049
Zhu Y, Nam J, Carpita NC, Matthysse AG, Gelvin SB. Agrobacterium-mediated root transformation is inhibited by mutation of an Arabidopsis cellulose synthase-like gene. Plant Physiology. 2003a;133:1000-10. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.030726
Zhu Y, Nam J, Humara JM, Mysore KS et al. Identification of Arabidopsis rat mutants. Plant Physiology. 2003b;132:494-505. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.020420
Eichmann R, Schultheiss H, Kogel KH, Huckelhoven R. The barley apoptosis suppressor homologue BAX inhibitor-1 compromises nonhost penetration resistance of barley to the inappropriate pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici. Molecular PlantMicrobe Interactions. 2004;17:484-90. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.5.484
Eichmann R, Bischof M, Weis C, Shaw J, Lacomme C, Schweizer P, Duchkov D, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Hückelhoven R. BAX INHIBITOR-1 is required for full susceptibility of barley to powdery mildew. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 2010;23:1217-27. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-23-9-1217
Hu L, Smith TF, Goldberger G. LFG: a candidate apoptosis regulatory gene family. Apoptosis. 2009;14:1255-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-009-0402-2
Weis C, Hueckelhoven R, Eichmann R. LIFEGUARD proteins support plant colonization by biotrophic powdery mildew fungi. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2013;64:3855-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert217
Mucha E, Fricke I, Schaefer A, Wittinghofer A, Berken A. Rho proteins of plants: functional cycle and regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics. European Journal of Cell Biology. 2011;90:934-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.11.009
Schultheiss H, Dechert C, Kogel KH, Huckelhoven R. A small GTP-binding host protein is required for entry of powdery mildew fungus into epidermal cells of barley. Plant Physiology. 2002;128:1447-54. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.010805
Schultheiss H, Dechert C, Kogel KH, Huckelhoven R. Functional analysis of barley RAC/ROP G-protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus. Plant Journal. 2003;36:589-601. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01905.x
Pathuri IP, Zellerhoff N, Schaffrath U, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Kogel KH, Eichmann R, Hückelhoven R. Constitutively activated barley ROPs modulate epidermal cell size, defense reactions and interactions with fungal leaf pathogens. Plant CellReports. 2008;27:1877-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-008-0607-9
Chen L, Shiotani K, Togashi T, Miki D, Aoyama M, Wong HL, Kawasaki T, Shimamoto K. Analysis of the Rac/Rop small GTPase family in rice: expression, subcellular localization and role in disease resistance. Plant Cell Physiology. 2010;51:585-95. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcq024
Jung YH, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Kim JA, Lee MO, Choi PG, Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Shibato J, Kim SH, Iwahashi H, Jwa NS. Functional characterization of OsRacB GTPase: a potentially negative regulator of basal disease resistance in rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2006; 44:68-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.12.001
Kessler SA, Shimosato-Asano H, Keinath NF, Wuest SE, Ingram G, Panstruga R, Grossniklaus U. Conserved molecular components for pollen tube reception and fungal invasion. Science. 2010;330:968-71. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195211
Kim DS, Hwang BK. The pepper MLO gene, CaMLO2, is involved in the susceptibility cell-death response and bacterial and oomycete proliferation. Plant Journal. 2012;72:843-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12003
Konig S, Feussner K, SchwarzM, Kaever A, Iven T, Landesfeind M, Ternes P, Karlovsky P, Lipka V, Feussner I. Arabidopsis mutants of sphingolipid fatty acid ?-hydroxylases accumulate ceramides and salicylates. New Phytologist. 2012;196:1086-97. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04351.x
Kumar J, Huckelhoven R, Beckhove U, Nagarajan S, Kogel KH. A compromised Mlo pathway affects the response of barley to the necrotrophic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus) and its toxins. Phytopathology. 2001;91:127-33. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.2.127
Huibers RP, Loonen AE, Gao D, Van den Ackerveken G, Visser RG, Bai Y. Powdery mildew resistance in tomato by impairment of SlPMR4 and SlDMR1. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e67467. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067467
van Damme M, Zeilmaker T, Elberse J, Andel A, de Sain-van der Velden M, van den Ackerveken G. Downy mildew resistance in Arabidopsis by mutation of HOMOSERINE KINASE. Plant Cell. 2009;21:2179-89. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.066811
Brewer HC, Hawkins ND, Hammond-Kosack KE. Mutations in the Arabidopsis homoserine kinase gene DMR1 confer enhanced resistance to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum. BMC Plant Biology. 2014;14:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-014-0317-0
Yuan M, Chu Z, Li X, Xu C, Wang S. The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae overcomes rice defenses by regulating host copper redistribution. Plant Cell. 2010;22:3164-76. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.078022
Yuan M, Wang S. Rice MtN3/saliva/SWEET family genes and their homologs in cellular organisms.Molecular Plant. 2013;6:665-74. https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/sst035
Bosch J, Scholze H, Schornack S, Landgraf A, Hahn S, Kay S, Lahaye T, Nickstadt A, Bonas U. Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors. Science. 2009;326:150912. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178811
Li T, Liu B, Spalding MH, Weeks DP, Yang B. High-efficiency TALEN-based gene editing produces disease-resistant rice. National Biotechnology. 2012;30:390-92. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2199
Callot C, Gallo JL. Pyramiding resistances based on translation initiation factors in Arabidopsis is impaired by male gametophyte lethality.Plant Signalling and Behavior. 2014;9:e27940. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.27940
Sahu TK, Rao AR, Dora S, Gupta S, Rai A. In silico identification of late blight susceptibility genes in Solanum tuberosum. Indian Journal of Genetics. 2014;74:229-37. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-6906.2014.00160.6
Yang H, Li Y, Hua J. The C2 domain protein BAP1 negatively regulates defense responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Journal. 2006;48:238-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365313X.2006.02869.x
Nakano M, Nishihara M, Oshioka HY, Takahashi H, Sawasaki T, Ohnishi K, Hikichi Y, Kiba A. Suppression of DS1 phosphatidic acid phosphatase confirms resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e75124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075124
Sun K, Wolters AM, Vossen JH, Rouwet ME, Loonen AE, Jacobsen E, Visser RG, Bai Y. Silencing of six susceptibility genes results in potato late blight resistance. Transgenic Res. 2016;25:731-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-016-9964-2
Sun K, van Tuinen A, van Kan JAL, Wolters AA, Jacobsen E, Visser RGF, Bai Y. Silencing of DND1 in potato and tomato impedes conidial germination, attachment and hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea. BMC Plant Biology. 2017;17:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1184-2
Murphy F, He Q, Armstrong Miles, Giuliani LM, Boevink PC, Zhang W, Tian Z, Paul R, Birch J, Gilroy EM. The potato MAP3K StVIK is required for the Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi17316 to promote disease. Plant Physiology. 2018;177:398410. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00028
He Q, Naqvi S, McLellana H, Boevink PC, Champouret N, Heina I, Paul RJB. Plant pathogen effector utilizes host susceptibility factor NRL1 to degrade the immune regulator SWAP70. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2018;115:E7834-E7843. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808585115
Wang Y, Cheng X, Shan Q, Zhang Y, Liu J, Gao C, Qiu J. Simultaneous editing of three homoeoalleles in hexaploid bread wheat confers heritable resistance to powdery mildew. National Biotechnology. 2014;32:947-51. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2969
Zhang Y, Bai Y, Wu G, Zou S, Chen Y, Gao C, Tang D. Simultaneous modification of three homoeologs of TaEDR1 by genome editing enhances powdery mildew resistance in wheat. Plant Journal. 2017;91:714-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13599
Thomazella DP, Brail Q, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz B. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of a DMR6 ortholog in tomato confers broad-spectrum disease resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016; https://doi.org/10.1101/064824
Peng A, Chen S, Lei T, Xu L, He Y, Wu L, Yao L, Zou X. Engineering canker-resistant plants through CRISPR/Cas9-targeted editing of the susceptibility gene CsLOB1 promoter in citrus. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2017;15:1509-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12733
Waltz E. With a free pass, CRISPR-edited plants reach market in record time. National Biotechnology. 2018;36:6-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0118-6b
Nekrasov V, Wang C, Win J, Lanz C, Weigel D, Kamoun S. Rapid generation of a transgene-free powdery mildew resistant tomato by genome deletion. Scientific Reports. 2017;7:482. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00578-x
Pyott DE, Sheehan E, Molnar A. Engineering of CRISPR/Cas9mediated potyvirus resistance in transgene-free Arabidopsis plants. Molecular Plant Pathology. 2016;17:1276-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12417
Chandrasekaran J, Brumin M, Wolf D, Leibman D, Klap C, Pearlsman M, Sherman A, Arazi T, Gal-On A. Development of broad virus resistance in non-transgenic cucumber using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Molecular Plant Pathology. 2016;17:1140-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12375
Zaidi SS, Mukhtar MS, Mansoor S. Genome editing: Targeting susceptibility genes for plant disease resistance. Trends in Biotechnology. 2018;36:898-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.04.005
Petersen M, Brodersen P, Naested H et al.Arabidopsis MAP kinase 4 negatively regulates systemic acquired resistance. Cell. 2000;103:1111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00213-0
Chandran D, Inada N, Hather G, Kleindt CK, Wildermuth MC. Laser microdissection of Arabidopsis cells at the powdery mildew infection sites reveal site-specific processes and regulators. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA. 2010;107:460-65. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912492107
Wang Y, Nishimura MT, Zhao T, Tang D. ATG2, an autophagyrelated protein, negatively affects the powdery mildew resistance and mildew-induced cell death in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal. 2011;68:74-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365313X.2011.04669.x
Hoefle C, Huesmann C, Schultheiss H, Boernke F, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Huckelhoven R. A barley ROP GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEIN associates with microtubules and regulates entry of barley powdery mildew fungus into leaf epidermal cells. The Plant cell. 2011;23:2422-39. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.082131
Babaeizad V, Imani J, Kogel KH, Eichmann R, Huckelhoven R. Over-expression of the cell death regulator BAX inhibitor-1 in barley confers reduced or enhanced susceptibility to distinct fungal pathogens. Theoretical Applied Genetics. 2009;118:45563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0912-2
Saville RJ, Gosman N, Burt CJ et al. The ‘Green Revolution’ dwarfing genes play a role in disease resistance in Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2012;63:1271-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err350
Gilroy EM, Taylor RM, Hein I, Boevink P, Sadanandom A, Birch PR. CMPG1-dependent cell death follows perception of diverse pathogen elicitors at the host plasma membrane and is suppressed by Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector AVR3a. New Phytologist. 2011;190:653-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14698137.2011.03643.x
Sun K, Wolters AA, Loonen AEHM, Huibers RP, van der Vlugt R, Goverse A, Jacobsen E, Visser RGF, Bai Y. Down-regulation of Arabidopsis DND1 orthologs in potato and tomato leads to broad-spectrum resistance to late blight and powdery mildew. Transgenic Research. 2016;25:123-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-015-9921-5
Xiong L, Yang Y. Disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are inversely modulated by an abscisic acid-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase. Plant Cell. 2003;15:745-59. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.008714
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 10-09-2023 (2)
- 19-08-2023 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Kajal Thakur, Neha Salaria, Baljeet Singh, Vinay Bhardwaj, Sarvjeet Kukreja, Umesh Goutam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
