Response of tomato to fertilizer nutrients integration and herbicides spray: Evaluating growth, yield, fruit quality and herbicides residue

Yerra  Pavani; Ponnusamy  Janaki; Ramasamy  Jagadeeswaran; Arjunan Sankari; Alaguthevar Ramalakshmi; Palanisamy Murali  Arthanari

doi:10.14719/pst.2857

Authors

Yerra Pavani Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4009-0845
Ponnusamy Janaki Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-4519
Ramasamy Jagadeeswaran Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9260
Arjunan Sankari Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-7078
Alaguthevar Ramalakshmi Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9947-3550
Palanisamy Murali Arthanari Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2857

Keywords:

Tomato, herbicides, nutrients management, micronutrients, farm yard manure, interaction

Abstract

The interaction between fertilizer nutrients and pesticides and their impact on tomato production and quality has been insufficiently studied in tropical agricultural conditions. This research investigated four fertilizer nutrient management (FNM) approaches: major nutrients (NPK), micronutrients, farmyard manure (FYM) and traditional farmer practices (FP), alongside three herbicides—glyphosate, pendimethalin and metribuzin applied using seven methods. Results highlighted the substantial influence of FNM strategies and herbicide applications on tomato growth and yield parameters such as plant height, cluster count, fruits per plant, fruit number and yield per plant. Notably, the NPK+FYM strategy consistently yielded superior results across herbicides and application methods. Individually applied herbicides, particularly glyphosate, exhibited detrimental effects on growth and yield parameters, and the negative impact was conspicuously higher with glyphosate > metribuzin > pendimethalin than with their sequential or combined application. While herbicides decreased tomato yield across FNM practices, the reduction ranged from 1.90–10.95%, 1.79–6.75%, 1.62–6.49% and 1.40–9.10% in NPK, NPK+MN, NPK+FYM and FP treatments, respectively. Fruit quality remained unaffected by FNM practices and herbicides, except for elevated ascorbic acid content and shelf life under NPK+FYM. Herbicide residues in tomato fruits were within permissible limits (below 0.1 mg/kg for glyphosate and 0.05 mg/kg for pendimethalin and metribuzin) across treatments. This study showed that the NPK+FYM practice is the best strategy for increasing the tomato yield and quality parameters besides reducing the herbicide’s toxicity effect on tomato growth at an early stage.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

FAOSTAT. Production: Crops and livestock products. Accessed on 26th June 2023; 2021. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.

Ayuso-Yuste MC, González-Cebrino F, Lozano-Ruiz M, Fernandez-Leon AM, Bernalte-García MJ. Influence of ripening stage on quality parameters of five traditional tomato varieties grown under organic conditions. Horticulturae. 2022;8(4):313.https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040313

Kumar R, Srivastava K, Singh NP, Vasistha NK, Singh RK, Singh MK. Combining ability analysis for yield and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science. 2013;5(2):213. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v5n2p213

Pennathur S, Maitra D, Byun J, Sliskovic I, Abdulhamid I, Saed GM, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. Potent antioxidative activity of lycopene: A potential role in scavenging hypochlorous acid. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2010;49(2):205-13.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.003

Quinet M, Angosto T, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Blanchard-Gros R, Bigot S, Martinez JP, Lutts S. Tomato fruit development and metabolism. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019;10:1554.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01554

Yin R, Kuo HC, Hudlikar R, Sargsyan D, Li S, Wang L, Wu R, Kong AN. Gut microbiota, dietary phytochemicals and benefits to human health. Current Pharmacology Reports. 2019;5:332-44.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-019-00196-3

Nagavani AV, Subbian P. Productivity and economics of hybrid maize as influenced by integrated nutrient management. Current Biotica. 2014;7(4):283-93.

Prashar P, Shah S. Impact of fertilizers and pesticides on soil microflora in agriculture. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. 2016;19:331-61.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26777-7_8

Batabyal K. Nutrient management for improving crop, soil and environmental quality. Essential Plant Nutrients: Uptake, Use Efficiency and Management. 2017;445-64.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_18

Manickam S, Suganthy M, Ganesh R. Influence of different nutrient management practices on growth, yield, quality and economics of Brinjal (Solanum melongenaL). Madras Agricultural Journal. 2022;108(special):1.https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.000594

Charles MT, Arul J. UV treatment of fresh fruits and vegetables for improved quality: A status report. Stewart Postharvest Review. 2007;3(3):1-8.https://doi.org/10.2212/spr.2007.3.6

Islam MA, Islam S, Ayasha A, Habibur Md R, Dilip N. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties and the growth, yield and quality of tomato in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Agriculture. 2017;7:18.https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7030018

Khan A, Bibi H, Ali Z, Sharif M, Shah S, Ibadullah H, Khan K, Azeem I, Ali S. Effect of compost and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of tomato. Academia Journal of Agricultural Research. 2017;5:287-93.

Ogundare SK, Babalola TS, Hinmikaiye AS, Oloniruha JA. Growth and fruit yield of tomato as influenced by combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer in Kabba, Nigeria. European Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Research. 2015;3:48-56.

Sainju UM, Dris R, Singh B. Mineral nutrition of tomato. Food Agric Environ. 2003;(2):176-83.

Swan ZM, Hafez SA, Basyony AE. Effect of phosphorus fertilization and foliar application of chelated zinc and calcium on seed, protein and oil yield and oil properties of cotton. J Agric Sci. 2001;136:191-98.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859601008644

Ali MR, Mehraj H, Jamal Uddin AF. Effects of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth and yield of summer tomato. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research. 2015;6(1):512-17.https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.060115.61

Hashimi R, Habibi HK. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers applications levels on greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield and soil quality in Khost Province. Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2021;7(4):1-10.https://doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2021/v7i430117

Sharma S, Nautiyal MC. Postharvest technology of horticultural crops. New India Publishing; 2009.

Angeles J, Hembree KJ, Goorahoo D, Shrestha A. Response of tomato transplants to varying soil residual levels of pre-plant herbicides. Journal of Crop Improvement. 2020;34(5):697-714. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2020.1762273

Mohamed IA, Abdalla RM. Weed control, growth and yield of tomato after application of metribuzin and different pendimethalin products in Upper Egypt. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 2023;23:924-37.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-01093-3.

Ranganna S. Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products. 2nd Edn Tata McGraw-Hill Education; 1986.

Negi PS, Roy SK. Effect of blanching and drying methods on ?-carotene, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll retention of leafy vegetables. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 2000;33(4):295-98.https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.2000.0659

Mertens M, Höss S, Neumann G, Afzal J, Reichenbecher W. Glyphosate, a chelating agent-relevant for ecological risk assessment? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018;25(6):5298-317. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-1080-1.

Janaki P, Sharma N, Chinnusamy C, Sakthivel N, Nithya C. Herbicide residues and their management strategies. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 2015;47(3):329-44.

Saritha JD, Ramprakash T, Rao PC, Madhavi M. Persistence of metribuzin in tomato growing soils and tomato fruits. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology. 2017;16(2):505.

Rajya laxmi P, Saravanan S, Lakshman Naik M. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on plant growth, yield, fruit quality and shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) C.V. PKM-1. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research. 2015;5(2):7-12.

Kavitha MP, Uma Maheswari M, Krishna K, Balaji G, Yuavaraj R, Sachin R, Kissan Kumar S. Effect of weed management treatments on growth and yield of tomato. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 2021;53(1):114-16. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2021.00021.6

Bott S, Tesfamariam T, Candan H, Cakmak I, Römheld V, Neumann G. Glyphosate induced impairment of plant growth and micronutrient status in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max L.). Plant Soil. 2008;312:185.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9760-8

Santos BM, Gilreath JP, Esmel CE, Siham MN. Effects of sublethal glyphosate rates on fresh market tomato. Crop Protection. 2007;26(2):89-91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.005

Fortino J, Splittstoesser WE. Response of tomato to metribuzin. Weed Science. 1974;22(5):460-63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500038017

Kanissery R, Gairhe B, Kadyampakeni D, Batuman O, Alferez F. Glyphosate: Its environmental persistence and impact on crop health and nutrition. Plants (Basel). 2019;8(11):499. doi 10.3390/plants8110499.

Mohamed AG, Hassanein AMA. Impact of some herbicide, mulches and their combinations on tomato productivity and associated weeds. Journal of Plant Production. 2020;11(8):749.https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2020.114570

Ranjit Chatterjee, Jana JC, Paul PK. Vermicompost substitution influences the shelf life and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). American J of Agric Sci and Tech. 2013;1:69-76.https://doi.org/10.7726/ajast.2013.1006

Swetha K, Saravanan S, Lalu Naik Banothu. Effect of micronutrients on fruit quality, shelf life and economics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. pkm-1. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018;7(5):3018-20.

Volova T, Demidenko A, Kurachenko N, Baranovsky S, Petrovskaya O, Shumilova A. Efficacy of embedded metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl herbicides in field-grown vegetable crops infested by weeds. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021;28:982-94.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10359-1

FAO. Codex Pesticides Residues in Food Online Database [Internet]. FAO-CODEX Alimentarius -International Food Standards. 2021 [cited 2023 July 25] Available from: https://www.fao.org/faowhocodexalimentarius /codex%20texts%20/%20dbs%20/%20pestres%20/en/

FSSAI [Internet]. Food Safety and Standards (Contaminants, Toxins, and Residues) Regulations. 2011. [cited 2023 July 25] Available from: https://www.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Compendium–Contaminants – Regulations_20_08_2020.pdf.