Epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy and a rare case of epigeal cryptocotylar seed germination in Goniothalamus wynaadensis (Bedd.) Bedd., a tropical threatened endemic tree species of the Western Ghats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3246Keywords:
Endemic, seed dormancy, epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, seed germinationAbstract
Goniothalamus wynaadensis (Bedd.) Bedd. is a threatened indigenous tree species found in the Western Ghats and possesses significant medicinal value. This species belongs to the primitive family Annonaceae. However, there is a lack of information regarding seed germination in this species. We conducted experiments on seed germination using various media and found that the species exhibits epicotyl morpho-physiological dormancy (eMPD), marking the first such record in Annonaceae. GA3 at a concentration of 500 ppm and warm stratification at 20 °C for one week proved effective in enhancing embryo growth and radicle emergence. The epicotyl emergence was observed only at 30±2 °C. Because warm stratification promotes both radicle and shoot emergence in G. wynaadensis, the level of eMPD is non-deep and simple. Hence, dormancy in G. wynaadensis can be described as C1b Bb (radicle)- C1b Bb (epicotyl); i.e., the embryo is underdeveloped and grows before radicle emergence and epicotyl emergence under warm temperatures (Bb) and both the radicle and epicotyl have non-deep simple physiological dormancy broken by warm temperatures (C1b). Consequently, G. wynaadensis seed dormancy is phenologically well- adapted to the seasonal climate of Wayanad. Additionally, the species was found to display epigeal cryptocotylar seed germination—a rare occurrence in the development of angiosperm seedlings and this is the first record of such a phenomenon in the genus Goniothalamus.
Downloads
References
Penfield S. Seed dormancy and germination. Current Biology. 2017 Sept;27(17). doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.050
Bradbeer JW. Seed dormancy and germination. 1988; doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7747-4.
MGN. Factors controlling the seed dormancy pattern. 1977; doi:https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:87177643
Borriss H. Physiologie, okologie und biochemie der Keimung: Materialien des Internationalen Symposiums am Botanischen Institut der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität 8-14. September 1963; (No Title). 1967.
Phartyal SS, Kondo T, Baskin JM, Baskin CC. Temperature requirements differ for the two stages of seed dormancy break in Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae), a species with deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. American Journal of Botany. 2009 Jun;96(6):1086-95. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800379
Baskin CC, Baskin JM. Seeds: Ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego?; San Francisco?; New York etc.: Academic Press; 1998.
Anusha S, Anilkumar C, Gangaprasad A. Embryo maturation, dormancy and seed storage behaviour of Gymnacranthera canarica (King) Warb., a threatened endemic tree species of Southern Western Ghats. Current Botany. 2023 Jan 3;1-9. doi:10.25081/cb.2023.v14.7799
FSP NG. Germination of fresh seeds of Malaysian trees. Malaysian Forester. 1973;36(4).
Roy Erkens (IUCN SSC Global Tree SG / Maastricht Science Programme MU, Nadja Verspagen (Undergraduate student working with SSC Global Trees Group), Devika MA, K. Hyder Amitha Bachan (Research Dept. of Botany MAC. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/31158/179201448
Sharma A, Sharma P, Singh S, Karegoudar TB, Holla H. Evaluation of leaves of Goniothalamus wynaadensis Bedd. for inhibition of metabolic viability of cancer cells and antimicrobial efficacy. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2019 Dec;32:101000. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101000
Talimarada D, Sharma A, Wakhradkar MG, Dhuri SN, Gunturu KC, Sundaram VN et al. Synthesis, DFT analysis and in-vitro anti-cancer study of novel fused bicyclic pyranone isoxazoline derivatives of goniodiol-diacetate-a natural product derivative. Fitoterapia. 2022 Nov;163:105316. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105316
Prasad D. Traditional use of medicinal plants and its status among the tribes in Mananthavady of Wayanad district, Kerala [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Mar 13]. Available from:https://www.academia.edu/69340630/Traditional_Use_of_Medicinal_Plants_and_its_Status_among_the_Tribes_in_Mananthavady_of_Wayanad_District_Kerala
Ratheesh NM [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2024 Mar 13]. Available from: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/4046
Venugopal M, Nair MC. Bryophyte diversity of Thamarassery pass (Wayanad pass) in the Western Ghats of Kerala. Plant Science Today. 2017 Jan 1;4(1):41. doi:10.14719/pst.2017.4.1.273
Hadi A, Singh S, Rafq S, Nawchoo IA, Wagay NA, Mahmoud EA. In vitro propagation of Aconitum violaceum Jacq. ex Stap through seed culture and somatic embryogenesis. Horticulturae. 2022;8:599. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070599
N L, A PA. Relationship between the development of seed coat pigmentation, seed coat
adherence to the cotyledons and the rate of imbibition during the maturation of grain legumes. Agricultural and Food Sciences. 1996.
ISTA International rules for seed testing. Vol. 27. Seed Science and Technology; 1999.
Scheuplein LCL. Quick tests for tree seed viability. Victoria, B.C.: Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests; 1984.
ISTA. International rules for seed testing. Vol. 21. Seed Science and Technology; 1993.
Czabator FJ. Germination value: An index combining speed and completeness of pine seed germination. Forest Science. 1962;8:386-96.
Hadi A, Rafiq S, Singh S, Ali S, Nawchoo IA, Wagay NA. Seed viability, seed germination and micropropagation of Aconitum violaceum Jacq. ex Stapf—a rare and threatened medicinal plant of Ladakh Himalaya. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 2023;59:315-28 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-023-10331-x
Athugala YS, Jayasuriya KMG, Gunaratne AMTA, Baskin CC. Morphophysiological epicotyl dormancy in seeds of three Psychotria species from Sri Lanka: First record for Rubiaceae. Seed Science Research. 2016 Mar 10;26(2):171-81. doi:10.1017/s0960258516000027
Chen S-Y, Tsai Y-H, Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Chien C-T. Seed dormancy and germination of the three tropical medicinal species Gomphandra luzoniensis (Stemonuraceae), Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Icacinaceae) and Goniothalamus amuyon (Annonaceae). Seed Science Research. 2014 Nov 26;25(01):57-63. doi:10.1017/s0960258514000385
Simpson MG. Plant systematics. Burlington, MA: Academic Press; 2019.
Rajkumar G. Ecological studies of three rare and endemic Annonaceous species from Agasthyamala Western Ghats [thesis]. University of Kerala (unpublished); 2010.
Ellis R [Internet]. 1981 [cited 2024 Mar 16]. Available from:https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-quantification-of-ageing-and-survival-in-seeds-Ellis/6d9108892187a5e4f00b727e7be2cfb7bc3b3da5
Yang J-C. Intermediate seed storage behavior of Goniothalamus amuyon (Blanco) Merrill [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.tfri.gov.tw/en/News_Content2.aspx?n=7589&s=18610#:~:text=We%20recom%20653mend%20that%20fresh%20mature%20seeds%20of%20G.,G.%20amuyon%20be%20renew%20654ed%20about%20every%202~3%20years.
Socolowski F, Cicero SM, Vieira DC. Viability of recently harvested and stored Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) mart. (Annonaceae) seeds. Revista Brasileira de Sementes. 2012;34(3):408-15. doi:10.1590/s0101-31222012000300007
Forbis TA, Floyd SK, Queiroz A de. The evolution of embryo size in angiosperms and other seed plants: Implications for the evolution of seed dormancy. Evolution. 2002 Nov;56(11):2112-25. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00137.x
Baskin JM, Baskin CC. Epicotyl dormancy in seeds of Cimicifuga racemosa and Hepatica acutiloba. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 1985 Jul;112(3):253. doi:10.2307/2996540
Jayasuriya KM, Wijetunga AS, Baskin JM, Baskin CC. Physiological epicotyl dormancy and recalcitrant storage behaviour in seeds of two tropical Fabaceae (subfamily Caesalpinioideae) species. AoB Plants. 2012 Nov 11;2012(0). doi:10.1093/aobpla/pls044
Forbis TA, Diggle PK. Subnivean embryo development in the alpine herb Caltha leptosepala (Ranunculaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany. 2001 May1;79(5):635- 42. doi:10.1139/b01-037
Baskin JM, Baskin CC. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research. 2004 Mar;14(1):1-16. doi:10.1079/ssr2003150
DK, PS [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2024 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235926198_Climate_Trends_in_Wayanad_Voices_from_the_Community
Wci?li?ska B. The role of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the removal of Dormancy Infraxinus excelsior L. seeds. Biologia Plantarum. 1977 Sept;19(5):370-76. doi:10.1007/bf02922734
Baskin JM, Baskin CC. Seed germination ecophysiology of Jeffersonia diphylla, a perennial herb of mesic deciduous forests. American Journal of Botany. 1989 Jul;76(7):1073-80. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1989.tb15088.x
Choi K-G, Takahashi N. Studies of seed germination in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (1)?: The effect of germination inhibitors in fruits on dormancy breaking. Agricultural and Food Sciences. 1977.
Hao H, He Z, Li H, Shi L, Tang Y-D. Effect of root length on epicotyl dormancy release in seeds of Paeonia ludlowii, Tibetan peony. Annals of Botany. 2013 Nov 26;113(3):443-52. doi:10.1093/aob/mct273
T CH. Cryptocotyly in Australian dicotyledones. Flora Malesiana Bulletin. 1984;37:49-53.
Franceschini MC. An unusual case of epigeal cryptocotylar germination in Rollinia salicifolia (Annonaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2004 Sept;146(1):53-56. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00302.x
Gentallan Jr. RP, Endonela LE, Altoveros NC. Distinct epigeal cryptocotylar germination pattern of Anacolosa frutescens (Olacaceae). Seed Science and Technology. 2017 Jul 1;45(2):504-09. doi:10.15258/sst.2017.45.2.11
Garwood N. Functional morphology of tropical tree seedlings. The Ecology of Tropical Forest Tree Seedling. 1996;59-129.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 01-07-2024 (2)
- 13-06-2024 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Anjali Jayan, A. K. Sreekala
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
