Phytochemical profiling and GC-MS analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) H. Gross: An important ethnomedicinal plant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3306Keywords:
Persicaria hydropiper, bioactive, antioxidant, medicinal plants, phytochemicalsAbstract
Medicinal plants are the best source of alternative medicine and are acquiring recognition in the area of pharmacological research for the production of plant-based medicines with improved efficacy. Persicaria hydropiper (L.) H-Gross is known worldwide for its use in traditional medicine systems. It possesses numerous therapeutic properties. The present endeavor was taken up to analyze the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of various extracts of Persicaria hydropiper leaves. The preliminary phytochemical screening of acetone, methanol, and aqueous extract of P. hydropiper leaves showed the presence of important phytochemicals such as phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The quantitative estimation revealed elevated amounts of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and total alkaloid content. The antioxidant activity also revealed higher radical scavenging activity by the extracts. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry assay of methanol extract of P. hydropiper leaves detected and identified altogether 54 phytocompounds including 7 major compounds displaying higher peaks such as Andrographolide, 1H-cyclopropa[a] naphthalene, 1a,2,3,5.6,7a7b-octahydro-1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl-[1aR-(1a?,7?,7a?,7b?)-, Cis-Z alpha bisabolene epoxide, 1,8-cyclopentadecadiyne, Aromadendrene oxide (2), Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-cyclopropyl 7-hydroxymethyl, (cis) and Alpha-guanine. The concentration of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins revealed in the phytochemical profiling of three extracts might be responsible for the strong antioxidant activity of the extracts and the bioactive compounds identified in the GC-MS investigation exhibit important therapeutic properties required for the treatment of various human diseases. Thus, the medicinal use and properties of Persicaria hydropiper may be attributed to the presence of these phytochemical constituents. Further study of the compounds may provide scope for the production of novel drugs with increased efficacy and potency with the ability to cure harmful human diseases.
Downloads
References
Manzoor M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gillani SW, Shaheen H, Pieroni A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Saqib S, Makhkamov T, Khayadarov K. The Local medicinal plant knowledge in Kashmir Western Himalaya: a way to foster ecological transition via community- centred health seeking strategies. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 202;19: 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-023-00631-2
Rahmati E, Khoshtaghaza MH, Banakar A, Ebadi MT. Decontamination technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants: A review. Food Science and Nutrition. 2022; 10 (3): 784-799. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2702
Oladeji OS, Odelade KA, Oloke K. Phytochemical screening and anti-microbial investigation of Moringa oleifera leaf extract. African Journal of Science and Technology, Innovation and Development. 2019; 12 (1): 79- 84. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2019.1589082
Gillani SW, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Haq SM, Manzoor M, Shaheen H, Waheed M, Sultana S, Rehman F, Makhkamov T. An insight into Indigenous Ethnobotanical knowledge of Medicinal and Aromatic plants from Kashmir Himalayan Region. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 2024;28:2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/era.28.2.1-21
Batiha GE, Beshbishy AM. Gas Chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis, phytochemical screening and anti-protozoal effects of the methanolic Viola tricolor and acetonic Laurus mobilis extracts. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2020. 20 (87). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2848-2
Chowdhury S, Poddar SK, Zaheen S, Noor FA, Ahmed N, Haque S, Akbar N. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of cytotoxic and hypoglycaemic properties of Mangifera indica peels. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2016; 7(1): 49-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.09.009
Adil R, Barapatre A, Rathore N, Pottam S, Jha H. Comparative study of in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of plant extracts of Acacia arabica, Murraya koeingii, Catharanthus roseus and Rauwolfia serpentine. International Journal of Phytomedicine. 2012. 4: 543-551.
Ayinde BA, Omogbal EKM, Amaechina FC. Pharnacognosy and hypotensive evaluation of Ficus exasperate Vahi (Moraceae) Leaf. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica. 2007; 64: 543-546.
Mazni Abu Z, ho Yin W, Azizul I, Nurdin. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic potential of condensed tannin from Leucaena leucocephala Hybrid Rendang. Food Science and Human Wellness. 2016; 5(2): 65-75. https://doi.org/10.10161Jfshw.2016.02.001
Ballard CR, Marostica MR. Health benefits of flavonoid. In: book Bioactive Compounds. 2019. Pp: 185-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814774-0.00010-4
Bose VG, Archana H. Evaluation of phytoconstituents from selected medicinal plants and its synergistic antimicrobial activity. Chemosphere. 2022; 287(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132276
Mahmood MH, Osama AK, Makky EA, Rahim MH, Ali NHM, Hazrudin ND. Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of some plant extracts and their mixtures. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 3460(2019) 012003. Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/346/1/012003
Goodarzi S, Rafiei S, Javadi M, Khadem HH, Norozi SA. A Review on Antioxidants and their Health Effects. J. Nutr. Food Secr. 2018; 3(2): 106-112.
Ofoedu CE, Ofoedu EO, Chacha JS, Owuamanam CI, Efekalam IS, Awuchi CG, Pandiselvam R. Comparative Evaluation of Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Sensory properties of Red Wine as Markers of Its Quality and Authenticity. Int. J. Food Sci. 2022; 2022(8368992): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8368992.
Nollet LM, Gutierrez-Uribe JA. Phenolic Compounds in Food: Characterization and Analysis 1st edn. CRC Press. 2018.
Ayaz M, Junaid M, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Khan MA, Ahmad W, Shah MR, Imran M, Ahamad S. Comparative chemical profiling, cholinesterase inhibitions and anti-radical properties of essential oils from Polygonum hydropiper L: A Preliminary anti- Alzheimer’s study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-015-0145-8
The International Plant Names Index, 2005. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantNameByVersion.do?id=123908-3&version=1.1.
The Plant List, “A working list of all plant species,”2013, http://www.theplantlist.org/.
Flora of North America, “Persicaria hydropiper”, January 2014, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id= 2421000096
Goswami P, Hazarika A, Sarma HN. Thin layer chromatographic fraction of root extract of Polygonum hydropiper induces vaginal epithelial cell maturation in adult ovariectomized albino rat. Journal of Endocrinology Reproduction. 2008; 12(I):39-46.
Choudhary RK, Oh S, Lee J. An ethnomedicinal inventory of knotweeds of Indian Himalaya. Journal of medicinal Plant Research. 2011; 5(10): 2095-2103
Choudhury RK, Srivastava RC. IPR and traditional knowledge of Adi, Memba dn Khamsa tribes of upper Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh. The National Conference on IPR: Plant Varieties and Genome Conservation. K. Arvind, Ed. S.P. Mukherjee College. 2006.
Hanif Bari S, Rahmatulla M. Medicinal plants of the santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. American- Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 2009; 3: 220-226
Khatun A, Imam MZ, Rana MS. Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of leaves of Persicaria hydropiper in mice. BMC Complement Alternative Medicine. 2015;15(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0558-y
Salama HMH, Marraiki N. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae), naturally growing in Egypt. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2010;17(1):57-63. Doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2009.12.009.
Noor Hashim NH, Abas KS, Lajis NH. LC-DAD-ESIMS/MS characterization of antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase constituents present in the active fraction from Persicaria hydropiper. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 2012;46(2): 468-476 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2011.11.021
Duraipandiyan V, Indwar F, Ignacimutthu S. Antimicrobial activity of confertifolin from Polygonum hydropiper. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2010;48(2):187-190. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200902902471
Raihan MO, Khalequeuzzaman M, Brisht A, Tareq SM, Hossain A, Rana S. Antiheminthic and Antiproliferative activity of aerial parts of Persicaria hydropiper. Der Pharmasia Sinica. 2012; 3: 104-110.
Prota N, Boumeester H, Jongsma MA. Comparative antifeedant activities of polygodial and pyrethins against whiteflies (Bermisia tabaci) and aphids (Myzus persicae). Pest Management Science. 2013;70 (4): 682-688
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3610
Lajter I, Zupko I, Molnar J, et al., Antiproliferative activity of Polygonaceae species from the Carpathian Basin against human cancer cell lines. Phytotherapy Research. 2012;27(1): 77-85 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4690
Goswami P, Hazarika A, Sarma HN. Chromatographic fraction of Polygonum hydropiper root modulates the expression of transforming growth factor-?I (TGF-?I) in rat uterus during days 2-6 of gestation. Journal of Reproduction and Contraception. 2011;22(3): 153-167 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-7844(12)60011-X
Ma CJ, Lee KY, Jeong EJ, et al. Persicarin from water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) protects primary cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Phytotherapy Research. 2010; 24(60): 913-91 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3065
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London. 1973. Pp: 49-188.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5921-7 4
Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognosy. 11th edn. Bailliere Tindall, London. 1989. Pp:49-188
Sofowora A. Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd. Ibadan, Nigeria, 1993. Pp: 191-289.
Mc Donald S, Prenzler PD, Autolovich M, Robards K. Phenolic Content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry. 2001; 73:73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00288-0
Har LW, Ismail IS. Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and total flavonoids of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp leaves. International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2012; 2(2): 219-228.
Sudha BR, Remakanthan A, Hareesh KH, Aryakrishna. A comparative study of the phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and antibacterial potential of methanolic extracts of Tricosanthes cucumerina (L.) Var. curcumerina under in vitro culture and natural conditions. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018; 10 (1): 147-154. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpss.2018v10i1.22711
SreeVidya N, Mehrotra S. Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Alkaloids Precipitable with Dragendorff’s Reagent in Plants. Journal of AOAC International. 2003; 86(6):1124-1127. https://doi.org10.1093/jaoac/86.6.1124
Mensor LL, Menezes FS, Leitao GG, Reis AS, Santos TC, Coube SS, Leitao SG. Screening of Brazilian Plant Extracts for Antioxidant Activity by the use of DPPH Free Radical Method. Phytotherapy Research. 2001; 15:127-130.
Nasir A, Khan M, Rehman Z, Khalil AAK, Farman S, Begum N, Irfan M, Sajjad W, Parveen Z. Evaluation of Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Contents of Polygonum hydropiper L. Plants; 2020. 9(852):1-13 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070852
Zulfiker AHM, Ahmed D, Alam MB, Saha MR, Saha SK, Khalil MDI, Menon TM, Rana MDS. Phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant potential of selected medicinal plants of Bangladesh. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2011; 4:1991-1998.
Mihaylova D, Vranchev R, Ivanov I, Popova A. Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Water Pepper (Polygonum hydropiper L.). Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences. 2019; 8(5):1205-1208. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2019.8.5.1205-1208
Miser-Salihogl E, Akaydin G, Caliskan-Can E, Yardim-Akaydin S. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of various herbal folk medicine. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2013; 3 (5): 222. Doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000222.
Jamuna S, Paulsomy S, Karthika K. Screening of in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf and root extracts of Hypochaeris radicata L. (Asteraceae). J. App. Pharmaceuti. Sci. 2012; 2: 149-154 https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2012.2722
Sharath SS, Preety J, Kumar GS. Screening for anti-ulcer activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis using pyloric ligation method in Wistar rats. Int. J Pharm Sci. 2015; 6(1):89-99
Yang X, Wang BC, Zang X. Simultaneous determination of nine flavonoids in Polygonum hydropiper L. samples using nanomagnetic powder three-phase hollow fibre-based liquid-base microextraction combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2011;54(2):311-316 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.08.026
Ferhi S, Santaniella S, Zeriger S, Cruciani S, Fadda A, Sanna D, Dore A, Maioli MD, Hallowin G. Total phenols from grape leaves counteract cell proliferation and modulate apoptosis-related gene expression in MCF-7 and Hep G2 human cancer cell lines. Molecules. 2019; 24: 612 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030612
Ogawa S, Yazaki Y. Tannins from Acacia mearnsii De Wild Bark. Tannin determination and biological activities. Molecules. 2018; 23:837 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040837
Sowjanya M, Kiran Kumar M, Sandeep BV. Assessment of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of Leucas indica aerial parts- A comparative study. Int. J. of Life Sciences. 2016; 4(1): 1-15
Sreeja PS, Arunachalam K, Saikumar S, Kasipandi M, Dhivya S, Murugan R, Parimelazhagan T. Gastroprotective effect and mode of action of methanol extract of Sphenodesme involucrate var. paniculate (C.B. Clarke) Munir (Lamiaceae) leaves on experimental gastric ulcer models. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 97: 1109-1118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.030
Sharif SM, Sharriar MA, Haque ZS, Chowdhury MP, Islam MA. In-vitro antioxidant activities, antinociceptive and neuropharmacological activities of Polygonum hydropiper. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare.2013; 3(19): 61-71.
Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Abdul Mudalip SK, Olalere OA. Effect of Drying Methods on the Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Vernonia amygdalina Growing in Malaysia. J. King Saud University- Sci. 2019;31(4): 495-499. Doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2017.05.018.
Uritu CM et al. Medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae in pain therapy: A review. Pain Res. Manag. 2018; 7801543. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7801543
Watson RR, Preedy VR. Fruits, Vegetables, and Herbs: Bioactive Foods in Health Promotion 1st edn. (Elsevier Academic Press). 2016.
Uma G, Subramanium BV. GC-MS analysis of Nothapodytes nimmoniana, Mabberly leaves. J. Chem. Pharm. 2012; 4(9): 4417-4419
Meng H, Lu M, Xu H. Andrographolide: Synthetic Methods and Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2020; 20 (16): 1633- 1652 https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200429100326
Rajagopal S, Kumar RA, Deevi DS, Satyanarayana C, Rajagopalan N. Andographolide, a potential cancer therapeutic agent isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology. 2003; 3(3): 147-158 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1359-4117.2003.01090.x
Jarukamjorn K, Nemoto N. Pharmacological aspects of Andrographis paniculata on health and its major diterpenoid constituent andrographolide. Journal of Health Sciences. 2008. 54(4): 370-381.11 https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.54.370
Lim JC, Chan TK, Ng DS, Sagineedu SR, Stanslas J, Wong WS. Andrographolide and its analogues: versatile bioactive molecules for combating inflammation and cancer. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2012; 39(3): 300-310 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05633.x
Uttekar MM, Das T, Pawar RS. Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1gp120 protein binding. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2012; 56: 368-374 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.030
Vetvicka V, Vannucci L. Biological properties of andrographolide, an active ingredient of Andrographis paniculate: a narrative review. Ann Transl Med. 2021; 9(14) https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-7830
Mao W, He P, Wang W et al. Andrographolide sensitizes Hep-2 human laryngeal cancer cells to carboplatin-induced apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species level. Anticancer Drugs. 2019; 30: e0774.
Zhang L, Bao M, Liu B et al. Effect of Andrographolide and its Analogs on Bacterial infection: A review. Pharmacology. 2020; 105: 123-134.
Khan I, Mahfooz S, Saeed M, et al. Andrographolide Inhibits Proliferation of Colon cancer SW-480 cells via Down regulating Notch Signalling Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med. Chem. 2021; 21: 487-97.
Mater H. Mahnashi, Vahya SA, Bander A, Alyami, Ali O, Aqarni, Muhammad A, Mehreen G, Farhat U, Abdul S, Ihsan U, Ikram Ul H, Muhammad K, Murthy Ananda HC. Phytochemical analysis, alpha- Glucosidase and Amylase inhibitory and molecular docking studies on Persicaria hydropiper L. leaves essential oils. Evidence – based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022; 2022: 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7924171
Edwin SM, Ondoo KO, Ernest G, Maina Fred R. Lantana trifolia: Phytochemical and elemental composition, proximate contents and gas chromatography- spectrometry profile. Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development. 2020; 4(1): 1-8 https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v4i1.94
Joshi RK, Pandey C, Mujawar MHK, Kholkute SD. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the Essential oil of Anaphalis nubigena var. monocephala Natural Product Communications. 2009; 4(7): 993-996. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400725
Eldeen IMS, Mohamed H, Tan WN, Sieng JYF, Andriani Y, Muhammed TST. Cyclooxygenase, 5- Lipoxygenase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of Fractions containing alpha- Guaiene and oil isolated from the root of Xylocarpus moluccensis. Research Journal of medicinal Plants. 2016; 10 (4): 286- 294 https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2016.286.294
Shaheena S, Chintagunta AD, Dirisala VR, Sampath Kumar NS. Extraction of bioactive compounds from Psidium guajava and their application in dentistry. AMB Express. 2019;9: 2080 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-019-0935-x
Hazra S, Sundar Ray A, Gupta AD, Rahaman CH. Phytochemical Profiling, Biological Activities and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb J. Wen. Shoot. Plants. 2023; 12(1495):1-36 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071495
Al- Otaibi WA, Al Motwaa SM. Chemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of essential oil from Teucrium polium L. from Riyadh province. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2022; 34(1): 26-35
Jianu C, Moleriu R, Stoin D, Cocan I, Bujanaca G, Pop G, Lukinich-Gruia AT, Muntean D, Rusu L-C, Horhat DI. Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of Nepeta X faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn Essential oil. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (442):1-11 https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010442
Pavitra PS, Mehta A, Verma SR. Aromadendrene oxide 2 induces apoptosis in skin epidermoid cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Lifesciences. 2018; 197: 19-29 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.029
Ayaz M, Junaid M, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ovais M, Ahmad W, Ahmad S, Zeb A. Chemical profiling, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluations of Polygonum hydropiper L. BMC Complement. Altern Med. 2016; 16(1): 502. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1491-4
Chowdhury M, Ritu TJ, Nahar N. Investigating the Bioactive Potential of Persicaria hydropiper: GC-MS profiling and In vivo Exploration of Antinociceptive and Antidiarrheal Effects. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International. 2024; 27(2): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.9734/ jalsi/2024/v27i2637
Rehman NU, Ansari MN, Ahmad W, Amir M. GC-MS analysis and in vivo and ex vivo antidiarrheal and antispasmodic effects of the methanolic extract of Acacia nilotica. Molecules. 2022. 27(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072107
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 23-04-2024 (2)
- 17-04-2024 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Peenaz Farishta, Ruma Sharma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
