Influence of different plant growth retardants in Mexican lawn grass (Zoysia matrella) for reducing the mowing frequency and better visual qualities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4418Keywords:
Growth retardants, mowing, thatch accumulation, turf shoot length, visual qualities, Zoysia matrellaAbstract
Mexican lawn grass (Zoysia matrella) is a perennial mat-forming species suited for the landscaping industry due to its versatile adaptability. The pleasing appearance of the lawn grasses can be achieved through mowing at regular intervals to avoid a shabby appearance, which requires skilled persons and ends up with expensive operation. Under these circumstances, the experiment was intended with the commonly available growth regulators for their efficiency in the reduction of the mowing cycle without losing or hampering their visual quality attributes. The application of 1.0% chlormequat chloride (T4) produced a mean grass leaf length of 2.00 cm, which was remarkably lower than that of control (T9), i.e., 4.87 cm. The same pattern of growth was exhibited during the 45th and 90th days after spraying. The mean turf shoot length (7.80 cm) and root length (13.40 cm) were observed in the control plots, while the application of 1.0% chlormequat chloride (T4) produced 3.83 cm and 7.94 cm, respectively, determining its ability to hamper the growth of turf grass. The Z. matrella grass failed to produce flower heads by the application of 1.0% mepiquat chloride (T2), 0.5% chlormequat chloride (T3), 1.0% chlormequat chloride (T4), 0.5% maleic hydrazide (T7) and 1.0% maleic hydrazide (T8). The control plots devoid of growth regulators initiate flower heads after 70 days. From the study, the application of 0.5% chlormequat chloride (T3) and 1.0% chlormequat chloride (T4) exerted a low level of thatch accumulation and no flower head formation was observed with maximal visual scoring, leading to the commercial expeditions for the turf industry.
Downloads
References
Britannica. The editors of encyclopaedia. Lawn. Encyclopedia Britannica,
https://www.britannica.com/topic/lawn
Ruemelle BA, Wipff JK, Brilman L, Highlight KW. Fine - leaved Festuca species. In: Casler, M.D., Duncan, R.R. (Eds.), Turfgrass Biology. Genetics and Breeding. Wiley & Sons. Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. 2003; p.129-74.
Taiz L, Zeiger E. Plant physiology. 4th Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland. 2006.
McElroy JS, Martins D. Use of herbicides on turf grass. Planta Daninha, Vicosa-MG. 2013; 31(2):455-67. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582013000200024
March SR, Martins D, McElroy JS. Growth inhibitors in turf grass. Planta Daninha Vicosa MG. 2013;31:733-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-835820 13000300025
Rademacher W. Plant growth regulators: backgrounds and uses in plant production. Journal of Plant Growth Reg. 2015;34:845-72. http://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00344-015-9541-6
McCarty LB, Weinbrecht JS, Toler JE, Miller GL. St. Augustine grass response to plant growth retardants. Crop Sci. 2004;44(4):1323-29. https://doi.org/ 10.2135/cropsci2004.1323
McCullough PE, Liu H, McCarty LB. Ethephon and gibberellic acid inhibitors influence creeping bentgrass putting green quality and ball roll distances. Hort Sci. 2005a;40(4):1902-03. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.6.1902
Hussein MMM, Mansour HA, Ashour HA. Response of Paspalum vaginatumturfgrass grown under shade conditions to paclobutrazol and trinexapac-ethyl as plant growth retardants (PGRs). Journal of Horticulture Science and Ornamental Plants. 2012;4:134-47. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/269927865_Response_of_ Paspalum_ vaginatum_turfgrass_grown_under_shade_conditions_to_paclobutrazol_and_trinexapac-ethyl_ as_ plant_growth_retardants_PGRs
Brosnan JT, Thoms AW, Breeden GK, Sorochan JC. Effects of various plant growth regulators on the traffic tolerance of ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.). Hort Science. 2010;45:966-70. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.21273/ HORTSCI.45.6.966
McCullough PE, Liu H, McCarty LB, Whitwell T. Response of ‘TifEagle’ bermudagrass to paclobutrazol. Hort Sci.2005b;40:224-26. http://doi.org/ 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.1.224
Knot P, Hrabe F, Hejduk S, Skladanka J, Kvasnovsky M, Hodulikova L, et al. The impacts of different management practices on botanical composition, quality, colour and growth of urban lawns. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 2017;26(178):183. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ufug.2017.01.011
Karcher DE, Richardson MD. Quantifying turf grass color using digital image analysis. Crop Science. 2013;43:943-51. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.9430
Kichenaradjou M. Screening and evaluation of turf and groundcovers in salt affected soil ecosystem (Thesis). MSc. (Hort.), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. 2018.
Huang B, Duncan RR, Carrow RN. Drought resistance mechanisms of seven warm season Turf grasses under surface soil drying: II. Root Aspects. Crop Sci. 1997;37(6):1858-63. https://doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci1997. 00111 83X00 3700060032x
Lee, Geungjoo, Robert NC, Ronny RD. Photosynthetic responses to salinity stress of halophytic seashore paspalum ecotypes. Plant Sci.2004;166(6):1417-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.12.029
Yoshida, Shouichi, Douglas AF, James HC. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice. 1971;p.43-45.
Martiniello P. Effect of traffic stress on cool-season turf grass under a Mediterranean climate. Agronomy for Sustainable Development.2007;27:293-301. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2007029
Park BS, Lawson TJ, Samaranayake H, Murphy JA. Tolerance and recovery of Kentucky bluegrass subjected to seasonal wear. Crop Sci. 2010;50:1526-36. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0479
Panse VG, Sukhatme PV. Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. 1954.
R Core Team. R - A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2022. https:// www.R- project. org/.
Bigelow CA. Plant growth regulators in bent grass turf areas. USGA Green Section Record. 2012;50:1-4. https://gsr.lib.msu.edu/article/bigelow-plant-4-13-12.pdf
Zhang X, Schmidt RE, Ervin EH, Doak S. Creeping bentgrass physiological responses to natural plant growth regulators and iron under two regimes. Hort Sci. 2002;37:898-902. http://doi.org/ 10.21273/ HORTSCI.37.6.898
Glab T, Szewczyk W, Gondek K. Response of Kentucky bluegrass turf grass to plant growth regulators. Agronomy. 2023;13:799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy13030799
Glab T, Szewczyk W, Gondek K, Knaga J, Tomasik M, Kowalik K. Effect of plant growth regulators on visual quality of turfgrass. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020;267(1):109314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109314
Haguewood JB, Enzhan S, Smeda RJ, Justin QM, Xiong X. Suppression of annual bluegrass seed heads with mefluidide, ethephon and ethephon plus trinexapac-ethyl on creeping bentgrass greens. Agronomy Journal. 2013;105(6):1832-38. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0220
Peppers JM, McElroy JS, Askew SD. Plant growth regulators differentially suppress goosegrass and smooth crabgrass in creeping bentgrass turf. Weed Technol. 2024;38(e44):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2024.32
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 M Velmurugan, R Tamilarasi, V Thamizhkalai, M Anand, S Sumera, K Rajamani, L Pugalendhi, M K Kalarani, V Ravichandran, S Velmurugan, N M Boopathi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
