Arbuscular mycorrhiza and dark septate endophyte fungal associations of Oryza sativa L. under field condition: colonization features and their occurrence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.1.474Keywords:
rice, AM fungi, AM fungal compositionAbstract
The present study was aimed to study monthly colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal associations in rice. The presence of mycorrhizal structures in the roots confirms the colonization by AM fungi. The pattern of hyphae and arbuscules denotes Arum type of AM fungal morphology. The presence of dark coloured septate hyphae running frequently on the epidermal layer and in root cortex and the occurrence of microsclerotia marks the colonization by DSE fungi. The co-occurrence of both AM and DSE fungi ensure dual colonization by two distinct fungal groups. There was significant increase in arbuscules, vesicles and hyphal percentages from first to third month in both the samples collected from two sites. In the third month, AM colonization significantly higher in both the sites. DSE colonization percentages do not differ significantly in first to third month. A total of nine AM fungal species were recovered from two sites. This study is an effort to make aware the local farmers about the usefulness of these native AM mycobiota which can be a preferable choice over chemical fertilizers leading to ecofriendly organic farming.
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References
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12. Yeasmin T, Zaman P, Rahman A, Absar N, Khanum NS. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum production in rice plants. African J Agri Res. 2008; 2:463–467.
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23. Watanarojanaporn N, Boonkerd N, Tittabutr P, Longtonglang A, Peter, J, Young W, Teaumroong N. Effect of rice cultivation systems on indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure. Microbes Environ. 2013; 28(3): 316–324. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME13011
24. Bhattacharjee S, Sharma GD. The vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza associated with three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Microbiol. 2011; 51(3):377–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-011-0090-9
25. Becerra AG, Arrigo NM, Bartoloni N, Domínguez LS, Cofré MN. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Alnus acuminata Kunth in North western Argentina in relation to season and soil parameters. Cl Suelo (Argentina). 2007; 25: 7–13.
26. Sharif M, Moawad AM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal incidence and infectivity of crops in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Wrld J Agri. Sci. 2006; 2 (2): 123-132.
27. May TW. Documenting the Fungal Biodiversity of Australasia: from 1800 to 2000 and beyond. Aust Syst Bot. 2001; 14: 329–356. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB00013
28. Trindade AV, Siqueira J O, Luiz Stürmer S . Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in papaya plantations of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2006; 37: 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822006000300016
29. McGonigle TP, Fitter AH. Ecological specificity of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Mycol Res. 1990; 94: 120- 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81272-0
30. Lamont B. Mechanisms for enhancing the nutrient uptake in plants with particular reference to Mediterranean South Africa and Western Australia. Bot Rev. 1982; 48: 597–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860714
31. Koske RE. Gigaspora gigantean observations on the spore germination of a VA mycorrhizal fungus. Mycologia 1981;73: 289– 300. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1981.12021346
32. Blaszkowki J. Aculaospora cavernata (Endogonaceae) new species from Poland with pitted spores. Crypt Bot. 1989; 1: 201–207.
33. Talukdar NC, Germida JJ. Occurrence and isolation of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropped ?eld soils of Saskatchewan, Canada. Can J Microbiol. 1993; 39: 567–575. https://doi.org/10.1139/m93-082
34. Muthukumar T, Udaiyan K. Arbuscular mycorrhizas of plants growing in Western Ghats region, Southern India. Mycorrhiza. 2000; 9: 297–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720050274
35. Bhattacharya S, Bagyaraj DJ. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Coffea arabica. Geobios. 2002; 29: 93–96.
36. Ho I. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae of halophytic grasses in the Alvard desert of Oregon. Northwest Sci. 1987; 61: 148–151.
37. Debnath A, Karmakar P, Debnath S, Roy Das A, Saha AK, Das P. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungal association in some plants of Tripura, North-East India. Current Res Environ and Applied Mycol. 2015; 5(4):398–407. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/5/4/12
38. Chakraborty K, Sinha S, Debnath A, Roy Das A, Saha AK, Das P. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in three different age groups of rubber plantations in Tripura, North-East India. Pl Path Quaran. 2016; 6(2):122–131. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/6/2/2
39. Sinha S, Chakraborty K, Saha AK, Das P. Mycorrhizal colonization in plants from selected home garden of Tripura. J Mycopathol Res. 2016; 54(3): 349–353.
40. Debnath A, Sinha S, Talapatra K, Chakraborty K, Saha AK, and Das P. Comparison of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and diversity of two different rubber plantations of Tripura, northeast India. Trends Fron Ar Pl Sci Res. 2017; 239- 247.
2. Tinker PB. Effect of (vesicular-) arbuscular mycorrhizae on higher plants. In Symposium Society Exp Bio. 1975; l 29: 325-349.
3. Gianinazzi S, Scheuepp H. Impact of arbuscular mycorrhiza on sustainable agriculture and natural ecosystems. Basel, Birkhauser. 1994. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8504-1
4. Dickson S. The Arum-Paris continuum of mycorrhizal symbioses. New Phytol. 2004; 163: 187-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01095.x
5. Jumpponen A, Trappe JM. Dark septate endophytes: a review of facultative biotrophic root colonizing fungi. New Phytol. 1998; 140:295–310. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00265.x
6. Jumpponen A. Dark septate endophytes - are they mycorrhizal? Mycorrhiza 2001; 11: 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720100112
7. Mandyam K, Jumpponen A. Seeking the elusive function of the root colonizing dark septate endophytic fungi. Stud Mycol. 2005; 53: 173–189. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.53.1.173
8. Mitra D, Guha J, Choudhuri SK. Studies in Botany. Moulik Library. Calcutta. 1968; Vol 2:708-711.
9. Allen MF. The ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizas: a look back into the 20th Century and a peek into the 21st. Mycol Res. 1996; 100:769-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(96)80021-9
10. De Mars BG, Boerner REJ. Mycorrhizal dynamics of three woodland herbs of contrasting pathology along topographic gradients. Am J Bot. 1995;82: 1426-1431. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12680.x
11. Ilag LL, Rosales AM, Elazegui FA, Mew TW. Changes in the populations on infective endomycorrhizal fungi in a rice-based cropping system. Plant Soil. 1987; 103:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02370669
12. Yeasmin T, Zaman P, Rahman A, Absar N, Khanum NS. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum production in rice plants. African J Agri Res. 2008; 2:463–467.
13. Roy Das A, Talapatra K, Chakraborty K, Saha AK, Das P. A commercially available fabric whitener serves as a stain for detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots. Mycorrhiza News. 2015; 27(3): 2-4.
14. McGonigle TP, Miller MH, Evans DG, Fairchild GL, Swan JA. A method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 1990; 115: 495-501.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00476.x
15. Gerdemann J W, Nicolson TW. Spores of mycorrhizal endogone species extracted from soil by wet-sieving and decanting method. Transac Brit Myco Soc. 1963;46: 235-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(63)80079-0
16. Koske R E, Tessier B. A convenient permanent slide mounting medium. Mycol. Soc. Am. News.1983; l 34:59.
17. Oehl F, Sieverding E, Ineichen K, Mader P, Boller T, Wiemken A. Impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of Central Europe. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003; 69: 2816-2824. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.5.2816-2824.2003
18. Maiti D, Variar M, Saha J. Colonization of upland rice by native VAM under rainfed mono cropped ecosystem. In: Roy AK, Sinha KK (eds) Recent advances in phyto pathological research, MD Publication, New Delhi. 1995; 45–51.
19. Saha R, Saha J, Bhattacharya PM, Maiti D, Chowdhury S Arbuscular mycorrhizal responsiveness of two varieties in nutrient de?cient laterite soil (abstr.). In: Proc Nat Conf on Mycorrhiza, Barkhatullah University, Bhopal. 1999; 28, 5–7 1999.
20. Dubey A, Mishra MK, Singh PK, Vyas D. Occurrence of AM fungi at varying stages of growth of rice plants. Proc Nat Acad Sci Ind. 2008; 78(1):51–55.
21. Zhang XH, Wang YS, Lin AJ. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on the growth of upland rice (Oryza Sativa L.) in soil experimentally contaminated with Cu and Pb. J Clin Toxicol. 2011;3(3):1-5.
22. Ruiz-Sunchez M, Armada E, Garcia de Salamone IE, Arora R, Ruiz-Lozano JM,Azcon R. Azospirillum and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization enhance rice growth and physiological traits under well-watered and drought conditions. J Plant Physiol. 2011; 168(10):1031-1037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.019
23. Watanarojanaporn N, Boonkerd N, Tittabutr P, Longtonglang A, Peter, J, Young W, Teaumroong N. Effect of rice cultivation systems on indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure. Microbes Environ. 2013; 28(3): 316–324. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME13011
24. Bhattacharjee S, Sharma GD. The vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza associated with three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Microbiol. 2011; 51(3):377–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-011-0090-9
25. Becerra AG, Arrigo NM, Bartoloni N, Domínguez LS, Cofré MN. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Alnus acuminata Kunth in North western Argentina in relation to season and soil parameters. Cl Suelo (Argentina). 2007; 25: 7–13.
26. Sharif M, Moawad AM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal incidence and infectivity of crops in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Wrld J Agri. Sci. 2006; 2 (2): 123-132.
27. May TW. Documenting the Fungal Biodiversity of Australasia: from 1800 to 2000 and beyond. Aust Syst Bot. 2001; 14: 329–356. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB00013
28. Trindade AV, Siqueira J O, Luiz Stürmer S . Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in papaya plantations of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2006; 37: 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822006000300016
29. McGonigle TP, Fitter AH. Ecological specificity of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Mycol Res. 1990; 94: 120- 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81272-0
30. Lamont B. Mechanisms for enhancing the nutrient uptake in plants with particular reference to Mediterranean South Africa and Western Australia. Bot Rev. 1982; 48: 597–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860714
31. Koske RE. Gigaspora gigantean observations on the spore germination of a VA mycorrhizal fungus. Mycologia 1981;73: 289– 300. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1981.12021346
32. Blaszkowki J. Aculaospora cavernata (Endogonaceae) new species from Poland with pitted spores. Crypt Bot. 1989; 1: 201–207.
33. Talukdar NC, Germida JJ. Occurrence and isolation of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropped ?eld soils of Saskatchewan, Canada. Can J Microbiol. 1993; 39: 567–575. https://doi.org/10.1139/m93-082
34. Muthukumar T, Udaiyan K. Arbuscular mycorrhizas of plants growing in Western Ghats region, Southern India. Mycorrhiza. 2000; 9: 297–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720050274
35. Bhattacharya S, Bagyaraj DJ. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Coffea arabica. Geobios. 2002; 29: 93–96.
36. Ho I. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae of halophytic grasses in the Alvard desert of Oregon. Northwest Sci. 1987; 61: 148–151.
37. Debnath A, Karmakar P, Debnath S, Roy Das A, Saha AK, Das P. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungal association in some plants of Tripura, North-East India. Current Res Environ and Applied Mycol. 2015; 5(4):398–407. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/5/4/12
38. Chakraborty K, Sinha S, Debnath A, Roy Das A, Saha AK, Das P. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in three different age groups of rubber plantations in Tripura, North-East India. Pl Path Quaran. 2016; 6(2):122–131. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/6/2/2
39. Sinha S, Chakraborty K, Saha AK, Das P. Mycorrhizal colonization in plants from selected home garden of Tripura. J Mycopathol Res. 2016; 54(3): 349–353.
40. Debnath A, Sinha S, Talapatra K, Chakraborty K, Saha AK, and Das P. Comparison of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and diversity of two different rubber plantations of Tripura, northeast India. Trends Fron Ar Pl Sci Res. 2017; 239- 247.
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17-02-2019
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Chakraborty K, Banik S, Debnath A, Das AR, Saha AK, Das P. Arbuscular mycorrhiza and dark septate endophyte fungal associations of Oryza sativa L. under field condition: colonization features and their occurrence. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2019 Feb. 17 [cited 2024 Nov. 25];6(1):63-70. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/474
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