Long-term analysis of reference evapotranspiration variations in the lower Bhavani basin

P Pavithran; S Pazhanivelan; AP Sivamurugan; KP Ragunath; S Selvakumar; K Vanitha; S Sakthivel; P Shanmugapriya

doi:10.14719/pst.5119

Authors

P Pavithran Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-3039
S Pazhanivelan Centre for Water and Geospatial Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-3232
AP Sivamurugan Centre for Water and Geospatial Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-6698
KP Ragunath Centre for Water and Geospatial Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-4437
S Selvakumar Centre for Water and Geospatial Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3494-9598
K Vanitha Department of Fruit Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-9275
S Sakthivel Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8415-4002
P Shanmugapriya Centre for Water and Geospatial Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7194-2505

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5119

Keywords:

basin, climate change, evapotranspiration, Penman-Monteith method, trend analysis

Abstract

Evapotranspiration is a crucial component of the hydrological cycle and is profoundly influenced by climate change. Assessing regional evapotranspiration changes is essential for effective water resource management. The study investigated the dynamics of reference evapotranspiration in the Lower Bhavani Basin, a region with diverse landscapes increasingly vulnerable to climatic variability. Reference evapotranspiration data from the Food and Agriculture Organization using the AgERA5 dataset was analyzed to assess annual and seasonal trends from 2000 to 2022. The result showed that the mean yearly reference evapotranspiration in the basin is 1672.87 mm, with a significant decline of 3.53 mm per year. Seasonal analysis revealed a consistent decreasing trend across all seasons, with the southwest monsoon season showing the most significant reduction in evapotranspiration rates. The notable shift in the annual evapotranspiration rate was observed in 2016, highlighting the impact of climate change. Further, temperature, solar radiation and relative humidity were identified as the dominant factors influencing evapotranspiration rates in the basin. The relative moisture index indicated prevalent dry conditions, making the region susceptible to water stress. The findings provide critical insights for regional water resources management and accentuate the need for sustainable water management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

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