Promising segregants for enhanced grain yield under moisture stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5954Keywords:
moisture stress, principal components, restricted irrigation, selection indices, transgressive segregantsAbstract
This study aimed to identify transgressive segregants with enhanced yield under moisture stress condition. A population of UAS 375 × HTWYT_66 was developed by hybridizing UAS 375 (a rainfed variety) with HTWYT_66 (NDVI > 0.74 under stress). A total of 125 F3:4 progeny lines were evaluated under restricted irrigation during the rabi 2023-24 season, revealing significant genetic variation. Traits such as peduncle length, flag leaf length, grains per spike, and grain yield exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance, indicating the predominance of additive gene action, which makes them ideal for selection. Grain yield was positively correlated with plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf length, tillers per plant, and thousand-grain weight. Conversely, early maturity showed a negative correlation with grain yield, suggesting that early-maturing varieties perform better under moisture stress conditions. Path coefficient analysis revealed strong direct effects of thousand-grain weight (0.409), peduncle length (0.253), and plant height (0.129) on grain yield, emphasizing these traits as key targets for selection. Principal component analysis indicated that three components collectively explained 61.5% of the observed variation in the UAS 375 × HTWYT_66 population. Selection indices incorporating traits such as plant height, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield demonstrated high genetic gains with a minimal number of characters involved. Promising segregants, including F4:23-24 (11) and F4:23-24 (71), exhibited high yields under moisture stress, making them potential donor lines for breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield in such challenging conditions.
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