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Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)

The determination of extract yield, polyphenolic content and anti-leishmanial activity of Iraqi Cordia myxa L. crude extracts obtained by two methods of extraction: A comparative study

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6981
Submitted
30 December 2024
Published
26-06-2025 — Updated on 01-07-2025
Versions

Abstract

Iraqi Cordia myxa known as Bumber, belongs to the family Boraginaceae. It contains diverse phytochemicals depending on the plant part used. Different parts of Cordia myxa show different phytochemicals with various pharmacological effects. The study aims to evaluate and compare the extract yields, total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of extracts obtained by optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction and conventional extraction and assess their activity against L. tropica promastigotes, responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq. Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed that Iraqi Bumber leaf extract contains saponin, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins and phenolics. The optimum conditions for the highest extract yield were 15 min, 70 % and 40 kHz. The extract yield percentage obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction was higher than that of conventional extraction methods at 14.8 % and 6.93 % of dry extract respectively. The TFC and TPC of the optimized extract were 4 and 3.5 times higher than the extract obtained by a conventional method, respectively. Moreover, the current study revealed that promastigote inhibition by Iraqi Bumber leaf extract acquired by optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction was 89 % with IC50 38.98 μg/mL. In comparison, inhibition by the extract obtained by the conventional extraction method was 75 % with an IC50 of 46.81 μg/mL. For the first time, the TFC and TPC of the Iraqi plants were determined, along with their anti-leishmanial activities. The Iraqi plant may be a potential antileishmanial drug or be used as an adjuvant with conventional antileishmanial treatments to increase their effectiveness, decrease side effects and shorten the treatment period.

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