Key distinguishing characters (KDCs) of official (Boerhaavia diffusa L.) and commonly mistaken (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) sources of Mukkirattai of Siddha
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.3.792Keywords:
Adulteration, Key Distinguishing Characters, Macro-microscopy Atlas, Pharmacognosy, SubstitutionAbstract
Boerhaavia diffusa L. has been used extensively in Siddha system of medicine and is often confused with Trianthema portulacastrum L. due to morphological similarities. This particular study compares, analyses and identifies the key distinguishing features of the two whole plant drugs based on pharmacognostical and phytochemical aspects. The samples were studied for macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPTLC following standard procedures. Macroscopic studies showed few notable differences in macro-microscopy of root, stem, leaves and flowers of both the plants. Microscopically root, stem, leaf and petiole of both the plants showed differences in layers of cork, presence of crystals and medullary rays (in root), the thickness of cuticle, cortex and arrangement of vascular bundles (stem), presence of characteristic type of trichomes (leaf) and shape of the petiole. Powder microscopy showed differences in epidermis, crystal types and shape of pollen. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenol, saponins and coumarins in B. diffusa and was not detected in T. portulacastrum. There were significant differences in the values of quantitative microscopy, physicochemical parameters and HPTLC of both the whole plant samples. The finding of this study will be helpful for the correct identification of the plant.
Downloads
References
2. Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol 2. Medicinal Plants Unit ICMR, New Delhi. 2005; pp. 261-70
3. The Siddha Formulary of India, Part I. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Health, Govt. of India, New Delhi. 1992; pp. 41, 160
4. The Siddha Formulary of India, Part II. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Health, Govt. of India, New Delhi. 1992; pp. 32
5. Jain GK, Khanna NM. Punarnavoside: A new antifibrinolytic agent from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.: Chem Inform. 1989;20(34). https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198934353
6. Lami N, Kadota S, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Constituents of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. II.: Structure and stereochemistry of a new rotenoid, Boeravinone C. Chem Pharm Bull. 1990;38(6):1558-62. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.38.1558
7. Lami N, KadotaS, Kikuchi T, Momose Y. Constituents of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. III. Identification of Ca2+ channel antagonistic compound from the methanol extract. Chem Pharm Bull. 1991;39(6):1551-55. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.39.1551
8. Ojewole JA, Adesina SK. Isolation, identification and some cardiovascular actions of a purine nucleoside from the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa. Fitoterapia. 1985;56(1):31-36
9. Pandey R, Maurya R, Singh G, Sathiamoorthy B, Naik S. Immunosuppressive properties of flavonoids isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Intimmunopharmacol. 2005;5(3):541-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2004.11.001
10. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. 1989; Part I. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Health, Govt. of India, New Delhi. pp. 95-96
11. Singh RH, Udupa KN. Studies on the Indian indigenous drug Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa L.) Part IV. Preliminary controlled clinical trial in nephrotic syndrome. Indian J Med Res. 1972;7(3):28-33
12. Banner A, Chintalwar GJ, Joshi NK, Chadha MS. Isolation of ecdysterone from Indian plants. Phytochemistry. 1971;10(9):2225-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97227-3
13. Vohora SB, Shah SA, Naqvi SA, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Studies on Trianthema portulacastrum. Planta Med. 1983;47(02):106-88. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969964
14. Gupta SK. Preliminary pharmacodynamic studies on Trianthema portulacastrum (Lalsabuni). J Res Ayur Siddha. 1978; 2: 333-39
15. Mandal A, Bishayee A, Chatterjee M. Trianthema portulacastrum affords anti-hepatotoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver damage in mice: reflection in subcellular levels. Phytotherapy Research. 1997;11(3):216-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199705)11:3<216::AID-PTR74>3.0.CO;2-L
16. Mehta RS, Shankar MB, Geetha M, Saluja AK. Hepatoprotective activity of Trianthema portulacastrum. Indian drugs. 1999;36(4):241-44
17. Murthy AR, Dubey SD, Tripathi K. Diuretic effect of Trianthema portulacatrum L. (Vaishakha). J Res Ayur Siddha. 1996;17:45-57
18. Chuneker KC. Bhavprakash N. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series. 1979;421-22
19. Gamble JS. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. 1997; I:550,II:pp.1162
20. Divya KG, Rubeena M, Andalil R, Erni B, Sundaramoorthy B, Kumar KN, Thatipelli S, Shakila R. Identity profile of Moringa oleifera Lam. Flower. Int J Bot Studies. 2019;4(4)
21. Harborne JB, Method of extraction and isolation in phytochemical methods, 2nd edition, London Chapman & Hall, 1998;pp.60-66
22. Rajput KS, Rao KS. Cambial anatomy and absence of rays in the stem of Boerhaavia species (Nyctaginaceae). Ann Bot Fenn. 1998;35(2):131-35
23. Struwig M, Jordaan A, Siebert SJ. Anatomy of the southern African Boerhaavia and Commicarpus species (Nyctaginaceae). Bangl J Plant Taxon. 2011;18(2):105-15. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9297
24. Babu K, Dharishini MP, Austin A. Comparative root anatomy and thin layer chromatographic identification of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and Boerhaavia erecta L. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 2017;6(6):318-21
25. Shivhare MK, Singour PK, Chaurasiya PK, Pawar RS. Trianthema portulacastrum L.(bishkhapra). Pharmacognosy reviews. 2012;6(12):132. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.99947
26. Pande J, Kanakiya A, Padalia H, Chandra S. Physicochemical, phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of a halophytic plant, Trianthema portulacastrum L. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2018;7:1486-502. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.175
27. Varier PS. Indian medicinal plants. Orient Longman Private Limited, Madras:1994;1: pp. 281-86
28. Patil VS, Rajput KS, Malpathak NP. Comparative study on morpho-anatomy of leaf, stem and root of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae) and its adulterant plants. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016;52(3):433-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502016000300009
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
