Nano fertilizer has emerged as a promising innovation in modern agriculture, the traditional methods of crop nutrition. This review explores the significance of crop nutrition in the context of nanotechnology applications in agriculture. It delves into the importance of nano fertilizers, highlighting their distinct advantages over conventional counterparts. The discussion encompasses various sources of nano fertilizers for crop nutrition, elucidating their modes of action and efficiency compared to commercial soil-applied fertilizers. Furthermore, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of nano fertilizers on the growth and yield components and yield of different agricultural crop plants. Through a comparative study, it evaluates the dosage requirements and agronomic use efficiency of nano fertilizers, shedding light on their potential to enhance crop productivity while minimizing environmental impact. Moreover, the limitations and challenges associated with nano fertilizers are critically examined, offering insights into future research directions and practical implications. By synthesizing existing literature and empirical evidence, this review aims to provide a holistic understanding of nano fertilization in modern agriculture, paving the way for sustainable and efficient crop production practices.