Vegetation composition and assessment of phytotoxicity in a paper mill dumpsite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.1.947Keywords:
Bioassay, Degraded lands, Pulp and paper industries, phytotoxicity, Vegetation cover, Soil physicochemical and nutrient statusAbstract
The solid waste dumpsites of pulp and paper industries are prone to be turned into degraded lands due to the loss of vegetation cover. Such sites often possess drought, salinity and pH stresses as well as heavy metal contamination. Restoration of top soil by creating vegetation cover has proved to be the most sustainable approach to check land degradation. Therefore, to find some stress-tolerant species capable of creating vegetation cover in paper mill dumpsites, a vegetation composition study was conducted in a paper mill dumpsite. A total of seven plant species viz., Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand., Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob, Mikania scandens (L.) Willd., R. communis L., Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb., Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. and Solanum myriacanthum Dunal were found. To correlate the existence of these plants with stress condition of soil, the level of phytotoxicity in the dumpsite was assessed by studying seed germination status, proline accumulation, leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf pH, total chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid level of Ricinus communis as bioassay indices. The significantly lower percentage of seed germination in dumpsite soil, compared to control, revealed the phytotoxic nature of the soil of the dumpsite. The significantly higher level of proline, RWC, total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid in plant leaves from dumpsites than from the control soils indicated considerable stress in the dumpsite. Soil physicochemical and nutrient status analyses substantiated with the bioassay results. Despite apparent phytotoxicity, the presence of certain plant species in the dumpsite indicated their inherent stress tolerance capability to be prospected.
Downloads
References
Buyukkamaci N, KokenE. Economic evaluation of alternative wastewater treatment plant options for pulp and paper industry. Sci. Total Environ. 2010;408(24): 6070-78.
Phukan S, Bhattacharyya KG. Modification of soil quality near a pulp and paper mill. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2003;146(1): 319–33.
Bhattacharyya N. Wasteland management with medicinal plants. Med. Aromat. Plant. 2012; 1(5): https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000e122
Pospelova OA, Mandra YA, Stepanenko EE, Okrut SV, Zelenskaya TG. Identification of technogenic disturbances of urban ecosystems using the methods of bioindication and biotesting. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia. 2015;12(3):2241-51.
Silva EB, Fonseca FG, Alleoni LRF, Nasimento SS, Grazziotti PH, Nardis BO. Availability and toxicity of cadmium to forage grasses grown in contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediat. 2016;18(9):847-52.
Aleksandrovich GE. Zinc as the environmental factor of urban ecosystems. Ecol Environ Conserv. 2016;22(1):433-36.
Voronin ?A, Klevtsova MA, Lepeshkina LA, Mikheev AA, Yeprintseve SA. Assessment of the phytotoxicity of soils on main streets of Voronezh city. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2017;66. https://doi:10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/01100
Gheorghe S, Vasile GG, Stoica C, Lazar MN, Lucaciu I, Banciu A. Phytotoxicity tests applied on sewage sludge resulted from urban wastewater treatment plants. Rev Chim Bucharest. 2016;67(8):1469-73.
Kiran B, Prasad MNV. Ricinus communis L. (Castor bean), a potential multi-purpose environmental crop for improved and integrated phytoremediation. Eurobiotech J. 2017;1(2):101-16.
Bauddh K, Singh PR. Growth, tolerance efficiency and phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis L. and Brassica juncea L. in salinity and drought affected cadmium contaminated soil. Ecol Environ Saf. 2012;85:13-22.
Mendes MG, Santos CDJr, Dias ACC, Bonetti AM. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) as a potential environmental bioindicator. Genet Mol Res. 2015;14(4):12880–87.
Zhao Z, Cai Y, Fua M, Bai Z. Response of the soils of different land use types to drought: Eco-physiological characteristics of plants grown on the soils by pot experiment. Ecol Eng. 2008;34(3):215–22.
Jain SK, RaoRR. A handbook of field and herbarium methods. Today and tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi. 1977.
Misra R. Ecological Work Book. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi.1968.
BatesLS, Waldren RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies Plant Soil. 1973;39(1):205-07.
Alhesnawi ASM, Alsalman IM, Najem AN. Evaluation of air pollution tolerance index of some plants species in Kerbala city, Iraq J Pharm Sci Res. 2018;10(6):1386-90.
Arnon DI. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts –polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 1949; 24:1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1
AlMajidi MIH, AL QuburyHY. Determination of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Contents in various fruit and vegetable by UV-spectrophotometry and titration methods. J Chem Pharm Sci. 2016;9(4):2972-74.
Vwioko DE, Fashemi DS. Growth response of Ricinus communis L. in spent lubricating oil polluted soil. J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2005;9(2):73-79.
Piper CS. Soil and plant analysis. New York: Inter Science. 1944; pp. 368.
Singh D, Chhonkar PK, Dwivedi BS. Manual on Soil, Plant and Water Analysis. Westville Publication, New Delhi. 2005.
Jadhav A, Saini P, Ravindra A, Singh S. Enhancing soil health of seri-farmers of North India through digital soil health card scheme. Curr Sci. 2019;116(2):157-58.
El Mahi Y, Ibrahim IS, Abde l Majid HM, Eltilib AM. A simple method for determination of calcium and magnesium carbonate in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1987;51:1152-55.
Snedecor GW, CochranWG. Statistical Methods. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi. 1968.
Ikhajiagbe B. Possible adaptive growth responses of Chromolaena odorata during heavy metal remediation. Ife J. Sci. 2016;18(2):403-11.
Atagana HI. The potential of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Robinson to decontaminate used engine oil impacted soil under greenhouse conditions. Int J Phytoremediat. 2011;13(7):627-41.
Anyasi RO, AtaganaHI. Phytotreatment of polychlorinated biphenyls contaminated soil by Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson. Int J Environ Pollut Remediat. 2014;2:73-79.
Arshi A. Reclamation of coalmine overburden dump through environmental friendly method. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017;24(2):371–78.
Kar D, Palit D. Assessment of plant species assemblages with their distribution in an open cast mining area of Raniganj coalfield, West Bengal, India. Int J Sci Eng Res. 2016; 7(7):443–52.
Janmohammadi M, Abbasi A, Sabaghnia N. Influence of NaCl treatments on growth and biochemical parameters of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Acta Agric Slov. 2011;99(1):31-40.
Enete IC, Chukwudeluzu VU, Okolie AO. Evalution of Air pollution tolerance index of plants and ornamental shrubs of Enugucity: implication for urban heat island effect. World. Environ. 2013;3(3):108 –15.
Xu Z, Zhou G, Shimizu H. Are plant growth and photosynthesis limited by pre-drought following rewatering in grass ? J Exp Bot. 2009;60(13):3737-49.
Ritchie SW, Nguyen HT, Holaday AS. Leaf water content and gas-exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Sci. 1990;30(1):105-11.
Bellarmino de Pereira-Netto A, Novaes de Magalhães AC, Pinto HS. Effects of soil water depletion on the water relations in tropical Kudzu Pesqui Agropecu Bras. 1999;34(7):1151-57.
Soltys-Kalina D, Plich J, Strzelczyk-?yta D, ?liwka J, Marczewski W. The effect of drought stress on the leaf relative water content and tuber yield of a half-sib family of ‘Katahdin’-derived potato cultivars. Breed Sci. 2016; 66(2): 328–31.
Kardile PB, Dahatonde KN, Rakshe MV, Burondkar MM. Effect of moisture stress on leaf relative water content (RWC) of four Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.) genotypes at different stages of growth. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;7(4):2645-49.
Higbie SM, Wang F, Stewart JMcD, Sterling TM, Lindemann WC, Hughs E, Zhang J. Physiological response to salt (NaCl) stress in selected cultivated tetraploid cottons. Int J Agron. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/643475
Sanchez-Zabala J, Gonzalez-Murua C, Marino D. Mild ammonium stress increases chlorophyll content in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signal Behav. 2015;10(3). https://doi.org/ 10.4161/15592324.2014. 991596
Shah SH, Houborg R, McCabe MF. Response of chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD-502 measurement to salinity and nutrient stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy. 2017;7(61). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7030061
Schurr U, Heckenberger U, Herde lK, Walter A, Feil R. Leaf development in Ricinus communis during drought stress: Dynamics of growth processes of cellular structure and of sink–source transition. J Exp Bot. 2000;51(350):1515–29.
Li G, Wan S, Zhou J, Yang Z, Qin P. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, hyperspectral reflectance, pigments content, malondialdehyde and proline accumulation responses of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seedlings to salt stress levels. Ind Crop Prod. 2010;31(1):13-19.
Nagesh Babu R, Devaraj VR. High temperature and salt stress response in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Aust. J Crop Sci. 2008;2(2):40-48.
Khan TA, Mazid M, Mohammad F. A review of ascorbic acid potentialities against oxidative stress induced in plants. J Agrobiol. 2011;28(2):97–111.
D’souza MR, Devaraj VR. Role of calcium in increasing tolerance of Hyacinth bean to salinity. J Appl Biol Biotechnol. 2013;1(3):11-20.
Bu Y, Sun B, Zhou A, Zhang X, Takano T, Liu S. Overexpression of AtOxR gene improves abiotic stresses tolerance and vitamin C content in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Biotechnol. 2016;16(69). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-016-0299-0
Akram NA, Shafiq F, Ashraf M. Ascorbic acid-A Potential oxidant scavenger and its role in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Front Plant Sci. 2017;8(613). https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpls.2017.00613
Chang L, Sun H, Yang H, Wang X, Su Z, Chen F, Wei W. Over-expression of dehydroascorbate reductase enhances oxidativestress tolerance in tobacco. Electron J Biotechnol. 2017;25:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.10.009
Abdelgawad KF, El-Mogy MM, MohamedI AM, Garchery C, Stevens RG. Increasing ascorbic acid content and salinity tolerance of cherry tomato plants by suppressed expression of the ascorbate oxidase gene. Agronomy. 2019;9(51). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020051
BhargavaAK, BhargavaS. Effect of paper mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of Vicia faba. Adv Plant Sci. 2005;18(2):721-23.
Choudhary SK, Jha AN, Srivastava DK. Effect of paper mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of maise. Environ Ecol. 1987;5(2):285-87.
Kumar S. Impact of paper mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of Phaseolus aureus cv. Pant M-4. Flora. Fauna Jhansi. 2005;11(2):189-93.
Kumar S, Lata S, Johri RM. Effect of paper mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum) cv. Rachana. Flora Fauna Jhansi. 2000;6(1):16-18.
Sundaramoorthy P, KunjithapathamJ. Effect of paper mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of six varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). J Ecotoxicol Environ Monit. 2000;10(1):53-57.
Luo Y, Liang J, Zeng G, Chen M, Mo D, Li G, Zhang D. Seed germination test for toxicity evaluation of compost: Its roles, problems and prospects. Waste Manag. 2018;71:109–14.
Bonanno G. Ricinus communis as an element biomonitor of atmospheric pollution in urban areas. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2014;225(2). https://doi: 10.1007/s11270-013-1852-2
Kleiber T, Krzy?aniak M, ?wierk D, Haenel A, Ga?ecka S. How does the content of nutrients in soil affect the health status of trees in city parks ? PloS One. 2019;14(9):e0221514. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221514
Singh S. Effect of irrigation with paper mill effluent on the nutrient status of soil. Int J Soil Sci. 2007;2(1):74-77.
Kumar V, Chopra AK, Kumar S, Singh J, Thakur RK. Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent disposal on soil characteristics in the vicinity of Uttaranchal Pulp and Paper Mill, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India. Int J Agric Sci Res. 2015;4(6):117-25.
Giri J, Srivastava A, Pachauri SP, Srivastava PC. Effluents from paper and pulp industries and their impact on soil properties and chemical composition of plants in Uttarakhand, India. J Environ Waste Manag. 2014;1(1):26-30.
Richter DD, Morkewitz D, Wells CG, Allen HL, April R, Heine PR, Urrego B. Soil chemical change during three decades in an old field Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) Ecosystem Ecology. 1994;75:1463–73.
Seta¨ la¨ H, Francini G, Allen JA, Jumpponen A, Hui N, Kotze DJ. Urban parks provide ecosystem services by retaining metals and nutrients in soils. Environ Pollut. 2017;231:451–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.010. PMID: 28830018
Yogi B, Gupta SK, Mishra A. Calotropis procera (Madar): A medicinal plant of various therapeutic uses-A review. Bull. Env Pharmacol Life Sci. 2016;5(7):74-81.
Muricken D, Jofeena J. Analysis of phytochemicals from Eupatorium odoratum L. flower. Int J Ayurveda Pharma Res. 2015;3(7):47-51.
Dey P, Chandra S, Chatterjee P, Bhattacharya S. Neuropharmacological properties of Mikania scandens L. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011;2(4):255-59.
Poornima BS, Prakash L, Hegde P, Harini A. Pharmacological review on Clerodendrum serratum Linn. Moon. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2015;3(5):126-30.
Aminabee SK, Rao AA. A plant review of Cassia sophera L. Int J Pharm Chem Biol Sci. 2012;2(3):408-14.
Yadav AK, Tangpu V. Anthelmintic activity of ripe fruit extract of Solanum myriacanthum L. against experimentally induced Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) infections in rats. Parasitol Res. 2012;110(2):1047–53.
Imran M, Khan AH, Hassan A, Kanwal F, Liviu M, Amir M, Iqbal MA. Evaluation of physico-chemical characteristics of soil samples collected from Harrapa-Sahiwal (Pakistan). Asian J Chem. 2010;22(6):4823-30.
Alloway BJ. Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie and Son Ltd, Glasgow. 1990.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Payal Das, Priyanka Bora, Nandita Paul, Nabanita Bhattacharyya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
