Effect of nitrogen application on the phytochemical production in Jatropha curcas L. (Angiosperms: Euphorbiaceae) during drought conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.523Keywords:
nitrogen, defense response, phytochemical, drought, Jatropha curcasAbstract
Nitrogen is an important nutrient for the successful metabolism of plants, but its occurrence in soil is always very limited. This nutrient has a significant role to preserve plants during various stress conditions by altering the production rate of phytochemicals as defense weapons. Hence, this study was carried out to analyze the effect of nitrogen supply on the phytochemical composition and relative water content in Jatropha curcas L. under a simulated drought condition. The selected seedlings were grown from stem cuttings and categorized into different treated three groups along with the control. After the completion of the experiment, the growth pattern and phytochemical production were investigated. An increased malondialdehyde activity (MDA) was reported with a reduction in relative water content (RWC) of the leaf and in the biomass of seedlings under drought stress. A significant decrease in the levels of alkaloids, phenol, flavonoids and tannins with an increase in saponins and terpenoids was also observed in only simulated drought stressed plants. While a significant increase in the levels of total alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids and phenols was observed in those plants where exogenous nitrogen was supplied before the start of drought periods, unlike in treated and control plants. Therefore, it was revealed that application of Nitrogen enabled the plants to possess protective mechanism through the production of phytochemicals that facilitate the cell membrane to reduce the detrimental effects caused by drought stress.
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References
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34. Lin K, Chao P, Yang C, Cheng W, Lo H, Chang T. The effects of flooding and drought stress on the antioxidant constituents in sweet potato leaves. Botanical Studies. 2006;47:417-426.
35. Okwu DE, Josiah C. Evaluation of the chemical composition of two Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2006;5 (4):357-361.
36. Li H, Wang Z, Liu Y. Review in the studies on tannins activity of cancer prevention and anticancer. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 2003;26(6):444-448.
37. Ojo SKS, Esumeh FI, Osayinlusi SA, Jeje TO. Phytochemical antibacterial properties of Diodia scandes and Phyllanthus amarus on Staphylococci isolated from patients in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development.2017;1(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v1i1.7
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39. Serraj R. Effects of drought stress on legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation: Physiological mechanisms. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2003;41:1136-1141.
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41. Ding L, Lu Z, Gao L, Guo S, Shen Q. Is Nitrogen a Key Determinant of Water Transport and Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Upon Drought Stress? Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018;9:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01143
2. Wahid A, Rasul E. Photosynthesis in leaf, stem, flower and fruit. In: Pessarakli, M (ed). Handbook of Photosynthesis. CRC Press, Florida. 2005. p. 479-497. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420027877.sec8
3. Reddy AR, Chaitanya KV, Vivekanandan M. Drought-induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Plant Physiology. 2004;161:1189-1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.013
4. Munné-Bosch S, Penuelas J. Photo and antioxidative protection and a role for salicylic acid during drought and recovery in field grown Phillyrea angustifolia plants. Planta. 2003;217:758–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1037-0
5. Xu Z, Zhou G. Research advance in nitrogen metabolism of plant and its environmental regulation. The Journal of Applied Ecology. 2004;15(3):511-516
6. Freitas RG, Missio RF, Matos FS, Missio RF, Dias LAS. Development of seedlings of Jatropha under different doses of nitrogen. Revista Agrotecnologia. 2012;3:24-35. https://doi.org/10.12971/2179-5959.v03n02a03
7. Laviola BG, Dias LAS. Nutrient concentration in J. curcas leaves and fruits and estimated extraction at harvest. Brazilian Journal of Soil Science. 2008;32:1969–1975. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832008000500018
8. Marschner? H. ?Mineral ?Nutrition ?of ?Higher ?Plants, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London,?U.K. 1995. p. 88.?????????????????????
9. Bako SP, Aguh BI. Phytochemical profiles of the Loranthacean mistletoes (Tapinanthus spp.) in relation to their hosts. Nigerian Journal of Botany. 2007;20(2):297-305.
10. Edeoga HO, Okwu DE, Mbaebie BO. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2005;4(7):685-688. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2005.000-3127
11. Nyananyo BL, Gijo AH, Ogamba EN. The physico-chemistry and distribution of Eichhornia crassipes on the river Nun in the Niger Delta. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2007;11:133-137. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v11i3.55158
12. Annunziata MG, Ciarmiello LF, Woodrow P, Dell'Aversana E, Carillo P. Spatial and Temporal Profile of Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Plants Under Abiotic Stresses. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00230
13. Annunziata MG, Ciarmiello LF, Woodrow P, Maximova E, Fuggi A, Carillo P. Durum wheat roots adapt to salinity remodeling the cellular content of nitrogen metabolites and sucrose. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017;7:2035. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02035
14. Causton DR. Plant growth analysis:A note on the variability of unit leaf rate within a sample. Annals of Botany. 1994;74:513-518. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1994.1148
15. Turner NC, Wright GC, Siddique KHM. Adaptation of grain legumes (pulses) to water limited environments. Advances in Agronomy. 2001;71:123–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(01)71015-2
16. Wang H, Jin JY. Photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and lipid peroxidation of maize leaves as affected by zinc deficiency. Photosynthetica. 2005;43:591-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-005-0092-0
17. Edeoga HO, Osuagwu GGE, Omosun G, Mbabie BO, Onwuka AS. Chemical Characteristics and utility of some Rubiaceous medicinal plants. Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values. 2009;23:79-87.
18. Harborne, JB. Phytochemical Methods: A guide to Modern techniques of Plant Analysis 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, New York. 1973. p. 282.
19. Trease GE, Evans WC. Textbook of Pharmacognosy 12th ed. Tindall, London. 1989. p. 257.
20. Sofowora A. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan. 1993. p. 289.
21. Spollen WG, Sharp RE, Saab IN, Wu Y. Regulation of cell expansion in roots and shoots at low water potentials. In: Smith, JAC and H. Griffiths (eds).Water deficits, Plant Responses From Cell to Community. Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK. 1993.p. 37-52
22. Yin CY, Peng YH, Zang RG, Zhu YP. Adaptive responses of Populus kangdingensis to drought stress. Physiologia Plantarum. 2005;123: 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00477.x
23. Sapeta H, Costa JM, Lourenco T, Maronco J, Lendi P. Drought stress response in Jatropha curcas growth and physiology. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2013;85:76-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.08.012
24. Lawlor DW. Photosynthesis, productivity and environment. Journal of Experimental Botany. 1995;46:1449-1461. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/46.special_issue.1449
25. Joel G, Gamon JA, Field CB. Production efficiency in sunflower: the role of water and nitrogen stress. Remote Sensing of the Environment. 1997;62:176-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00093-X
26. Liu S, Jiang Y. Identification of differentially expressed genes under drought stress in perennial ryegrass. Physiologia Plantarum. 2010;139:375–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01374.x
27. Lips SH, Leidi EO, Silberbush M, Soares MIM, Lewis OAM. Physiological aspects of ammonium nitrate fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 1990;13:1271-1289. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169009364151
28. Agarwal S, Sairam RK, Srivasta GC, Meena RC. Changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress by abscisic acid and salicylic acid in wheat genotypes. Biologia Plantarum. 2005;49(4):541-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-0048-z
29. Wang H, Jin JY. Photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and lipid peroxidation of maize leaves as affected by zinc deficiency. Photosynthetica. 2005;43:591-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-005-0092-0
30. Kato MC, Hikosaka K, Hirotsu N, Makino A, Hirose T. The excess light energy that is neither utilized in photosynthesis nor dissipated by photoprotective mechanisms determines the rate of photo inactivation in photosystem II. Plant Cell Physiology. 2005;44:318-325. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcg045
31. Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Pessarakli M. Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. Journal of Botany. 2012;21:1- 26. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/217037
32. Aires A, Rosa E, Carvalho R. Effect of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on glucosinin the leaves and roots of broccoli sprouts. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture. 2006;86:1512-1516. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2535
33. Odjegba VJ, Alokolaro AA. Simulated drought and salinity modulates the production of phytochemicals in Acalypha wilkesiana. Journal of Plant Studies. 2013;2:105-112. https://doi.org/10.5539/jps.v2n2p105
34. Lin K, Chao P, Yang C, Cheng W, Lo H, Chang T. The effects of flooding and drought stress on the antioxidant constituents in sweet potato leaves. Botanical Studies. 2006;47:417-426.
35. Okwu DE, Josiah C. Evaluation of the chemical composition of two Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2006;5 (4):357-361.
36. Li H, Wang Z, Liu Y. Review in the studies on tannins activity of cancer prevention and anticancer. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 2003;26(6):444-448.
37. Ojo SKS, Esumeh FI, Osayinlusi SA, Jeje TO. Phytochemical antibacterial properties of Diodia scandes and Phyllanthus amarus on Staphylococci isolated from patients in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development.2017;1(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v1i1.7
38. Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. Biological relevance of terpenoids, overview focusing on mono di- and tetraterpenes. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2003;47(3):95-106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000070030
39. Serraj R. Effects of drought stress on legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation: Physiological mechanisms. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2003;41:1136-1141.
40. Xu G, Fan X, Miller AJ. Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency. Annual Review in Plant Biology. 2012;63:153-182. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105532
41. Ding L, Lu Z, Gao L, Guo S, Shen Q. Is Nitrogen a Key Determinant of Water Transport and Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Upon Drought Stress? Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018;9:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01143
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Published
28-04-2019
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1.
Adebusola A, Victor O, Emmanuel I, Alam A. Effect of nitrogen application on the phytochemical production in Jatropha curcas L. (Angiosperms: Euphorbiaceae) during drought conditions. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2019 Apr. 28 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];6(2):183-9. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/523
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