Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Early Access

Assessment of genetic diversity among Ixora genotypes through morphological and RAPD molecular marker analysis

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4747
Submitted
20 August 2024
Published
30-09-2024
Versions

Abstract

Ixora a genus in the Rubiaceae family commonly known as jungle geranium, was the focus of the study. However, classifying Ixora species has been challenging due to environmental influences on phenotypic traits. This study explores the genetic diversity and morphological traits of 11 Ixora genotypes from various regions in India using 15 RAPD markers and morphological assessments. A total of 210 bands were generated, Unweighted Pair Group Method for Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) Cluster analysis revealed significant genetic relationships among the genotypes. Notably, Genotypes 9, 10 and 11 shared similar banding patterns with marker OPF 02, while Genotypes 4 and 7, despite differing growth habits, showed close genetic ties and shared RAPD markers OPA03 and OPE04. A unique marker (OPA03 - 340 bp) was identified exclusively in Genotype 4. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that 2 principal components explained 77.074 % of the total variance, highlighting plant height and leaf number as significant traits. Heat map clustering further illustrated phenotypic variability, grouping genotypes based on morphological similarities. This study demonstrates the utility of RAPD markers in distinguishing Ixora genotypes and provides valuable insights into morphological traits, guiding future breeding programs and genetic research.

References

  1. Davis AP, Govaerts R, Bridson DM, Ruhsam M, Moat J. A global assessment of distribution, diversity, endemism and taxonomic effort in the Rubiaceae. Ann Missouri Bot Gard. 2009;96:68-78. https://doi.org/10.3417/2006205
  2. Banag CI, Mouly A, Alejandro GJD, Bremer B, et al. Ixora (Rubiaceae) on the Philippines - crossroad or cradle. BMC Evol Biol. 2017;17:131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0974-3
  3. Mouly A, Razafimandimbison S, Florence J, J´er´emie J, Bremer B. Paraphyly of Ixora and newtribal delimitation of Ixoreae (Rubiaceae): inference from combined chloroplast (rps16, rbcL and trnT-F) sequence data. Ann Missouri Bot Gard. 2009;96:146-60. https://doi.org/10.3417/2006194
  4. Husain T, Paul SR. A cladistic analysis of Indian species of Ixora L. (Rubiaceae). Feddes Repertorium. 1988;99:497-501. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1522-239X.1988.tb00151.x
  5. Fosberg FR, Sachet HH. Three cultivated Ixoras (Rubiaceae). Baileya. 1989;23:74-85.
  6. Newbury HJ, Ford-Lloyd BV. The use of RAPD for assessing variation in plants. Plant Growth Regulation. 1993;12:43-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00144581
  7. He GH, Prakash C. Evaluation of genetic relationships among botanical varieties of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using AFLP markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 2001;48:347-52. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012019600318
  8. Chen J, Devanand P, Henny R, Norman D, Chao CC. Interspecific relationships of Alocasia revealed by AFLP analysis. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 2004 Jan 1;79(4):582-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2004.11511809
  9. Wen CS, Hsiao JY. Altitudinal genetic differentiation and diversity of Taiwan lily (Lilium longiflorum var. formosanum; Liliaceae) using RAPD markers and morphological characters. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 2001 Mar; 162(2):287-95. https://doi.org/10.1086/319588
  10. Dore C, Dosba F, Baril C. Proceedings of the international symposium on molecular markers for characterizing genotypes and identifying cultivars in horticulture. Acta Hort. 546, Leuven, Belgium. 2001.
  11. Baliyan D, Sirohi A, Singh D, Kumar M, et al. Molecular chracterization of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) germplasm using RAPD markers. Journal of Plant Development Sciences. 2014;6(3):389-95.
  12. Kumar S, Kumar M, Yadav HK, Sharma S, Kumar S. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) germplasm based on RAPD markers. Journal of Environmental Biology. 2017;38:457-64. https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/38/3/MS-201
  13. Kumar P, Kumar M, Naresh RK, Kumar N, et al. Evaluation of genetic diversity among gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) germplasm using ISSR markers. Int J Agricult Stat Sci. 2016;12(1):277-83.
  14. Sirohi U, Kumar M, Chauhan P, Kumar N, et al. A genetic diversity in tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) germplasm using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2017;6(5):1313-21. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.142
  15. Chaudhary V, Kumar M, Sharma S, Kumar N, Kumar V, et al. Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) by ISSR markers. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2018;24(3):493-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0519-2
  16. Scientific TF. Nano drop 1000 spectrophotometer V3. 8 user’s manual. Thermo Fisher Scientific. 2008;1.
  17. Rymbai H, Verma VK, Mawleiñ J, Hazarika S. Analysis of genetic divergence, principal component, correlation and path coefficient for quantitative traits of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) in the north eastern region, India. Plant Genetic Resources. 2023 Jun;21(3):229-36. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262123000679
  18. Chacón B, Ballester R, Birlanga V, Rolland-Lagan AG, Pérez-Pérez JM. A quantitative framework for flower phenotyping in cultivated carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). PloS One. 2013 Dec 13;8(12): https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082165
  19. Jingang W, Liu CD, Yang, SK, Pin C. A RAPD analysis of 26 general species in (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.). Bulletin of Botanical Research. 2008;28(3):321-24. https://doi.org/10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.03.016
  20. Patra B, Acharya L, Mukherjee AK, Panda MK, Panda CP. Molecular characterization of ten cultivars of Canna lilies (Canna Linn.) using PCR based molecular markers (RAPDs and ISSRs). Int J Integr Biol. 2008;2:129-37.
  21. Prasad MP. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity determination of Hibiscus species using RAPD molecular markers. Asian J Plant Sci Res. 2014;4(3):50-56.
  22. Barik S, Senapati SK, Aparajita S, Mohapatra A, Rout GR. Identification and genetic variation among Hibiscus species (Malvaceae) using RAPD markers. Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C. 2006;61(1-2):123-28. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-1-22219.
  23. Yamagishi M. Detection of section-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in Lilium. Theor Appl Genet. 1995;91(6-7):830-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223888
  24. Behroozian M, Jafari A, Farsi M. RAPD analysis of genetic variation within and among natural populations of two species of Dianthus L. (Caryophyllaceae) in NE Iran. Iran J Bot. 2013;19(2):194-01. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijb.2013.4157
  25. Panwar S, Singh KP, Janakiram T, Bhardwaj C, et al. Molecular characterization of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) genotypes using RAPD markers. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2017;87(5):663-68. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v87i5.70190
  26. Rajaseger GHTW, Tan HTW, Turner IM, Kumar PP. Analysis of genetic diversity among Ixora cultivars (Rubiaceae) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Annals of Botany. 1979;80(3):355-61. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1997.0454

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.