Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)

Performance of drip irrigation and fertigation levels on productivity and water requirement of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) under rice-chia cropping system

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5979
Submitted
19 October 2024
Published
28-04-2025 — Updated on 09-05-2025
Versions

Abstract

Improving crop development and output requires efficient nutrient management, mainly when growing rice in an aerobic system using drip. Conventional rice farming and incorrect fertilizer delivery frequently result in a number of losses, including water loss, denitrification and volatilization. Split application of soluble fertilizers under drip irrigation techniques has become viable, increasing production while reducing water consumption. To address the problem, the trial was planned to find the optimum level of drip irrigation and fertigation for maximum productivity and water-use efficacy of aerobic rice. A study was conducted in the summer of 2022 and 2023 wetland farm Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The trial was operationalized using a randomized complete block design comprising 13 treatments, each duplicated thrice. Supplement of drip fertigation at the rate of 100% pan evaporation till 30 days after sowing (DAS), 150% pan evaporation till 60 DAS, 200% pan evaporation till 90 DAS with 125% recommended dose of fertilizer (25% as normal fertilizers + 75% as water-soluble fertilizers) exhibited notably greater number of productive tillers (416 and 434 m-2) and increased panicle weight (2.07 and 2.08 g) respectively in summer 2022 and 2023 as related to other treatments. The similar treatment demonstrated enhanced water-use efficacy (5.12 and 5.17 kg ha-mm-1), higher grain (4316 and 4446 kg/ha) and biological yield (9844 and 10221 kg/ha). Thus, it managed to conserve 25% and 24% of irrigation water compared to surface irrigation during both the years of the experimentations. Hence, adopting rice under the drip method in areas where water is scarce benefits the farmers.

References

  1. Singh VK, Singh A, Singh SP, Ellur RK, Choudhary V, Sarkel S, et al. Incorporation of blast resistance into “PRR78”, an elite Basmati rice restorer line, through marker assisted backcross breeding. Field Crops Res. 2012;128:816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.003
  2. World Health Organization. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2019: safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Food & Agriculture Org. 2019. https://tinyurl.com/mrxpvvxj
  3. Monaco F, Sali G. How water amounts and management options drive irrigation water productivity of rice. A multivariate analysis based on field experiment data. Agric Water Manag. 2018;195:47-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.014
  4. Samoy-Pascual K, Lampayan RM, Remocal AT, Orge RF, Tokida T, Mizoguchi M. Optimizing the lateral dripline spacing of drip-irrigated aerobic rice to increase water productivity and profitability under the water-limited condition. Field Crops Res. 2022;287:108669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108669
  5. Indiastat. Season-wise area, production and productivity of rice in India (2022-2023). https://tinyurl.com/2ke3be6x
  6. Yadav JSP. Conservation and managing water resource for sustainable agriculture. J Water Manag. 2022;10:1-10.
  7. Hajare TN, Mandal DK, Prasad J, Gaikawad ST. Water use efficiency of gram as affected by mulch in typical shrinkswell soils of Central India. J Indian Soc Soil Sci. 1997;45(2):377-80. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jisss&volume=45&issue=2& article=033&type=pdf
  8. Naik KP, Krishnamurthy N, Ramachandra C. Effect of nutrient sources on grain yield, methane emission and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa) under different methods of cultivation. Indian J Agron. 2015;60(2):249-54. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v60i2.4445
  9. Panteleevich KI, Nikolaevich DN, Abdulaevich GM, Mahmoud AN, Vasilevich MV, Grigorievich BA, et al. Water-saving technology of drip irrigated aerobic rice cultivation. News Timiryazev Agri Acad. 2015;(3):47-56. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/water-saving-technology-of-drip-irrigated-aerobic-ricecultivation/viewer
  10. Klemm W. Water saving in rice cultivation. In: Assessment and orientation towards the 21st century. Proc of 19th session of the International Rice Commission; 1998 Sep 7-9; Cairo, Egypt; 1999. p. 110-17. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571417124980598016
  11. Anushka AS, Umilsingh N, Kumar GS, Kanade AK, Pradeepkumar S, Sritharan N. Effect of nano urea on greenhouse gas emissions in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) eco-systems. Plant Sci Today. 2024;11(sp4):01-07. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5813
  12. Pachauri RK, Allen MR, Barros VR, Broome J, Cramer W, Christ R, et al. Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ipcc; 2014. https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/37530/
  13. Smartt AD, Brye KR, Rogers CW, Norman RJ, Gbur EE, Hardke JT, et al. Previous crop and cultivar effects on methane emissions from drill-seeded, delayed-flood rice grown on a clay soil. Appl Environ Soil Sci. 2016;2016(1):9542361. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9542361
  14. Nabipour R, Yazdani MR, Mirzaei F, Ebrahimian H, Mobaraki FA. Water productivity and yield characteristics of transplanted rice in puddled soil under drip tape irrigation. Agric Water Manag. 2024;295:108753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108753
  15. Wang J, Fawibe OO, Fawibe KO, Isoda A. Water productivity, sink production and varietal differences in panicle structure of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drip irrigation with plastic-film mulch. Field Crops Res. 2023;291:108790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022. 108790
  16. Umilsingh N, Vaiyapuri K, Thavaprakaash N, Selvakumar S, Vanitha K. Impact of irrigation and fertigation levels on growth, yield components and yield of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drip system. Indian J Agric Res. 2023;57(6):774-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-6135
  17. Mandal KG, Thakur AK, Ambast SK. Current rice farming, water resources and micro-irrigation. Curr Sci. 2019;116(4):568-76. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27137899
  18. Dass A, Nagargade M, Tyagi V. Sub-surface drip fertigation: a potential precision technology for improved productivity, quality and input-use efficiency in agriculture. Indian J Agron. 2023;68 (XXII Biennial National Symposium Special issue):51-64.
  19. Fawibe, Oluwasegun O, Kanako H, Yuki T, Sangsoo P, Akihiro I. Greenhouse gas emissions from rice field cultivation with drip irrigation and plastic film mulch. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst. 2019;113: 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-018-9961-3
  20. Rekha B, Jaydeva HM, Kombali G, Kumara GA. Impact of drip fertigation on water use efficiency and economics of aerobic rice. Irrigat Drainage Sys Eng. 2015;1(2).
  21. Umilsingh N, Vaiyapuri K, Thavaprakaash N, Selvakumar S, Vanitha K. Influence of drip irrigation and fertigation levels on physiological characters and yield of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agri Sci Digest. 2024;44(6):1074-79. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-5878
  22. IRRI. International Rice Testing Programme, Philippines; 1980. https://tinyurl.com/y4rn5eh8
  23. Donald CN. In search of yield. J Aust Inst Agric Sci. 1962;28:1971-78. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19631601167
  24. Viets FG. Fertilizer and efficient use of water. Adv Agron. 1972;14:223-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60439-3
  25. Palaniappan SP. Cropping systems in the tropics - Principles and management. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Ltd.; 1985. 215 https://tinyurl.com/4t37wny4
  26. Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1984. https://tinyurl.com/mrh2nhc8
  27. Bhavana B, Laxminarayana P, Kumar MR, Surekha K, Reddy NS. Effect of precision water and nitrogen management on yield attributes and yield of aerobic rice under drip system. Int J Environ Clim Chang. 2022;12:1620-30. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJECC/2022/v12i1131143
  28. Naik MA, Vaiyapuri K, Thavaprakaash N, Nagarajan K, Sekaran NC. Effect of drip irrigation and fertigation levels on physiological parameters and yield of aerobic rice. Pharma Innova. 2021;10:848-51. https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2021/vol10issue 12/PartL/10-12-46-267.pdf
  29. Yogameenakshi P, Nadarajan N, Anbumalarmathi J. Correlation and path analysis on yield and drought tolerant attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. Oryza. 2004;41:68-70.
  30. Dada OA, Okpe JA, Togun AO. Water stress at anthesis and storage temperature affected growth and germinability of rice (Oryza spp.). J Stress Physiol Biochem. 2020;16(1):5-20. https://tinyurl.com/3hcfv8k7
  31. Duary S, Pramanik K. Response of aerobic rice to irrigation and nitrogen management in red and lateritic soil of West Bengal. J Crop Weed. 2019;15(1):108-13. https://www.cropandweed.com/archives/2019/vol15issue1/15-1-16.pdf
  32. Mariyappillai A, Arumugam G, Ramaiah DS. Aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation under drip irrigation and fertigation system. Indian J Agron. 2022;67(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i1.76
  33. Geethalakshmi V, Ramesh T, Palamuthirsolai A, Lakshmanan. Agronomic evaluation of rice cultivation systems for water and grain productivity. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 2011;57(2):159-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340903286422
  34. Nagaraju, Kombali G, Anusha S, Prabhudev DS, Dileepkumar HP, Somashekar KS, et al. Drip irrigation: A climate smart irrigation practice for sustaining crop productivity, water saving and mitigating Green House Gases (GHG’s) in rice. Mysore J Agric Sci. 2017;51(1):72-77. https://uasbangalore.edu.in/images/2017-1st-Issue/8.pdf
  35. Jayanthi T, Umesh HR, Madappa S, Latha HS, Ashok LB, Umilsingh N. Effect of different fertilizers and approaches on nutrient use efficiency and economics of aerobic rice under rice-cowpea cropping sequence in ecological conditions of Karnataka, India. Arch Curr Res Int. 2024;24(10):240-50. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i10927
  36. Kombali G, Rekha B, Sheshadri T, Thimmegowda MN, Mallikarjuna GB. Optimization of water and nutrient requirement through drip fertigation in aerobic rice. Int J Bioresour Stress Manag. 2016;7:300-04. http://10.0.93.102/IJBSM/2016.7.2.1494a
  37. Jagadish, Chitapur BM, Umesh UR, Halepyati AS, Reddy MBG, Vishwanath J, et al. Effect of irrigation scheduling and fertigation on performance of drip irrigated direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L). Int J Chem Stud. 2018;6(4):2216-22.
  38. Parthasarathi T, Vanitha K, Mohandass S, Vered E. Evaluation of drip irrigation system for water productivity and yield of rice. Agron J. 2018;110(6):2378-89. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.01.0002
  39. Subramanian E, Ramesh TSV, Ravi V. Enhancing growth, yield and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa) through drip irrigation. Indian J Agri Sci. 2023;93(4):371–75. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i4.110273
  40. Sundrapandiyan R. Study on the effect of drip biogation on the productivity of aerobic rice. [Master’s thesis]. Coimbatore: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; 2012
  41. Kavitha M, Natarajan S, Pugalendhi L, Meenakshi N. Yield and quality of tomato under shade and open conditions. Res Crops. 2007;8(3):651-55.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.