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Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Early Access

Moisture-dependent physicochemical characteristics and microstructure of karonda (Carissa carandas L.) fruit

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6063
Submitted
23 October 2024
Published
10-03-2025
Versions

Abstract

Karonda (Carissa carandas L.) fruits hold significant importance in traditional medicine due to its rich composition of "bioactive compounds" including anthocyanin, quercetin and tannins. It is abundant in antioxidants such as vitamin C, flavonoids and phenolic compounds and boasts anti-diabetic, hepato-protective and immune-boosting properties. The present study examined physico-chemical characteristics of karonda at different moisture levels (74 % to 82 %) due to their susceptibility to moisture content during processing. Moisture content of fruit at the time of harvest was found to be 77.99 ± 0.82 % (wet basis). Dimensional characteristics increased while sphericity and aspect ratio decreased with rise in moisture level. Average polar, equatorial and minor diameters ranged from 12.7 to 19.2 mm, 12.3 to 15.0 mm and 12.1 to 14.7 mm, respectively. Gravimetric properties, such as thousand fruit mass, bulk density, true density and porosity declined with decreasing moisture content. Frictional properties exhibited decrement with decreasing moisture level, indicating changes in the fruit's surface characteristics. The mean coefficients of friction for steel, plywood and rubber were 4.10, 3.8 and 3.36, respectively. Firmness decreased from 5.4 N to 1.9 N. Color attributes were affected by increased redness and colour intensity at higher moisture levels. Overall, the study underscores the necessity of understanding the moisture-dependent physical and chemical properties of karonda for optimizing fruit utilization in the form of value-added products.

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