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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025)

Nutrient stress in plant cells: Mechanisms, adaptations and implications for crop resilience

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8418
Submitted
20 March 2025
Published
19-11-2025 — Updated on 04-12-2025
Versions

Abstract

Nutrient stress, caused by a lack of necessary macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium and micronutrients such as iron, zinc and copper, is a major environmental issue that has an impact on plant health, growth and agricultural output. The purpose of this study is to currently understand the molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms used by plants to perceive, respond to and adapt to nutrient limitations. We investigate the complex signalling networks involved in nutrition sensing, as well as the adaptive methods that maintain cellular homeostasis, such as root architectural remodelling, nutrient recycling via autophagy and antioxidant defence mechanisms. A significant focus is on phytohormones such auxins, cytokinins and jasmonates, which mediate nutritional stress responses. We additionally emphasize emerging technologies, such as CRISPR-based gene editing and sophisticated omics methods (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), which provide new opportunities for producing crops with higher nutrient use efficiency and stress tolerance. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research that integrates fundamental molecular biology with applied agricultural strategies, providing solutions to improve crop yields under nutrient-limited conditions, especially in the face of climate change and soil degradation. The application of these results in agriculture has the potential to improve food security and promote sustainable farming techniques.

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