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Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)

Insecticidal longevity and resistance trends in cauliflower pests: A survival analysis approach

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8642
Submitted
3 April 2025
Published
07-07-2025 — Updated on 14-07-2025
Versions

Abstract

Survival analysis is widely used to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticide trials on insect survival, which can also be used to estimate the durability of insecticides. This study focuses on the major pests of cauliflower that are capable of causing significant damage. Depending on the pest species and their population density, these infestations can lead to yield losses of up to 100 %. Major pest species in cauliflower are generally assumed to develop resistance more rapidly than minor pests. However, few studies have systematically analyzed published resistance data to compare resistance development among different species. Using 412 records from the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database covering 16 species, this study applied survival analysis to estimate the number of generations required for resistance to emerge following insecticide introduction. The results revealed significant variation among species in resistance development rates. On average, resistance first appeared after 178 generations in tropical regions and 56.5 generations in temperate regions. Insecticide durability also varied by Mode of Action (MoA) and year of introduction. On average, insecticides remained effective for 184.6 generations in tropical regions and 54.73 generations in temperate regions. For Diamondback moth control, estimated longevity in tropical regions was 7 years for Diamides, 8.5 years for Spinosyns and 12.9 years for Milbemycins. In temperate regions, effectiveness was estimated at 7 years for Diamides, 9.75 years for Spinosyns and 18.75 years for Milbemycins. Unlike traditional methods that depend on periodic field surveys or lab tests, survival analysis uses time-based data, including censored information, to give more reliable and consistent estimates of how quickly resistance develops and how long insecticides remain effective across different pests and modes of action.

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