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Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025)

Unravelling genetic variability, correlation and path analysis to uncover key traits for drought tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8786
Submitted
10 April 2025
Published
19-11-2025 — Updated on 04-12-2025
Versions

Abstract

In the current era of continuously shifting environmental conditions, drought remains a major abiotic constraint, significantly impacting crop growth and productivity. This study assessed genetic variability and trait associations and effects in 65 Indian mustard genotypes under normal and drought stress conditions to identify key traits for drought tolerance. These genotypes were analyzed in randomized block design with three replications under irrigated and drought stress conditions for two consecutive years Rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Instructional research farm, SKRAU, Bikaner. Analysis of variance were found to be highly significant for all the traits analyzed over years and environments, suggesting the existence of significant genetic variation for these traits in the present germplasm. High heritability along with high genetic advance were observed for number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of siliqua per plant, test weight, harvest index, seed yield per plant, root diameter, membrane stability index, leaf water potential and proline content under both the conditions, suggesting the predominance of additive gene effects, hence these traits can be efficiently improved through direct selection. Seed yield per plant showed significant positive associations with most traits, except plant height and root diameter and a negative association with leaf water potential under drought stress, suggesting these traits as key targets for selection to enhance yield under limited moisture. Path analysis indicated that HI and BYPP were the most critical determinants of SYPP under drought stress, while other traits contributed mainly through indirect effects, underscoring the pivotal role of HI-mediated pathways in yield enhancement.

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