Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Early Access

Combined extract evaluation of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts in evaluating the hepatoprotective efficacy of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides and Paerida foetida against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.9683
Submitted
28 May 2025
Published
27-08-2025
Versions

Abstract

Liver disease is becoming the most common cause of death all over the world. Each year 5.9 % of global death is associating with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), The current study focuses on readily available natural resources. S.amaranthoides and P. foetida plants hydroethanolic extracts demonstrated a significant hepatoprotective potential on CCl4-induced hepatotoxic Wistar rats, Alteration of serum SGOT, SGPT and Alkaline Phosphatase concentration caused by CCl4 administration was recovered by using combined plant extracts. Treatment with 500mg/kg of both plants' hydroethanolic extracts, Sphaeranthus amaranthoides and Paerida foetida, resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, total bilirubin, as well as a significant increase in the levels of MDA and GSH when compared to the disease control group. When compared to the standard group given silymarin at a dose of 10mg/kg body weight, histopathological studies revealed a good hepatoprotective effect. Combined plant extracts have shown a potential impact, may be due to presence of flavonoids and phenolic content. As both plants are edible, they are safe and effective.

References

  1. 1. Delgado-Montemayor C, Cordero-Pérez P, Salazar-Aranda R, Waksman-Minsky N. Models of hepatoprotective activity assessment. Medicina Universitaria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmu.2015.10.002
  2. 2. Madrigal-Santillán E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Gutiérrez-Salinas J, Bautista M, et al. Review of natural products with hepatoprotective effects. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014;20(40):14787-804.https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14787
  3. 3. Dianzani M, Muzio G, Biocca M, Canuto R. Lipid peroxidation in fatty liver induced by caffeine in rats. Int J Tissue React. 1991;13:79.
  4. 4. Henry L, Paik J, Younossi ZM. The epidemiologic burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease across the world. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;56:942-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17158
  5. 5. Pandey B, Baral R, Kaundinnyayana A, Panta S. Promising hepatoprotective agents from the natural sources: a study of scientific evidence. Egyptian Liver Journal. 2023;13(1):14.
  6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43066-023-00248-w
  7. 6. Katu YM, Jain R. A theoretical review and molecular docking study of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides. Int J Pharm Qual Assur. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.15.1.71
  8. 7. Kanimozhi S, Prithviraj E, Sumathy G. Phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm.f. Nat Prod Res. 2021;8(5):206-12.
  9. 8. Geethalakshmi R, Sakravarthi C, Kritika T, Arul Kirubakaran M, Sarada DV. Evaluation of antioxidant and wound healing potentials of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm.f. BioMed Research International. 2013;2013:607109.
  10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/607109
  11. 9. Anima J, Nityananda S, Prasanth D. Effect of bioactive compounds in evaluation of hepatoprotective efficacy of the hydro alcoholic crude extract of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides (Asteraceae) leaf against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Nat Sci Biol. 2024;16(4):2070. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16412070
  12. 10. Rao KK, Veluchamy G. Siddha medicine and its usefulness in day-to-day life. In: Subramanian SV, Madhaven VR, editors. Heritage of Tamil Siddha medicine. Madras: International Institute of Tamil Studies; 1983:171-84.
  13. 11. Zaman M, et al. Bioactive components of Paerida foetida Linn. and its role in disease management. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2023;14(8):3686-93. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.14(8).3686-93
  14. 12. Patel DK. Paerida foetida Linn.: a potential climbing medicinal herb in central India. Int J Environ Sci Nat Resour. 2017;6(5):118-24. https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.06.555699
  15. 13. Swarnalathaa Y, Narendran C, Sidhika K. A systemic review of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides and its properties. J Med Plants Herbs. 2023;2:10.
  16. 14. Chanda S, Ahmad S, Singh K, Tiwari RK. Targeted metabolite analysis of iridoids of Paerida foetida: a popular tribal edible plant of northeast India. Asian J Chem. 2017;29:1713-7. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2017.20585
  17. 15. Roy P, Das H, Ali MS, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay S. A review on Paerida foetida as a medicinal plant and its pharmacological activities. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2021;10(12):637-47. https://doi:10.20959/wjpps202112-20659.
  18. 16. Borgohain M, Chowdhury L, Ahmed S, Bolshette N, Devsani K, Das T, et al. Renoprotective and antioxidative effects of methanolic Paerida foetida leaf extract on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;198:451-9.
  19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.035
  20. 17. Patel BA, Patel JD, Raval BP. Hepatoprotective activity of Saccharum officinarum against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2010;1(4):102-8.https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.1(4).102-08
  21. 18. Soliman MM, Aldhahrani A, Metwally MMM. Hepatoprotective effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on sodium nitrite-induced changes in oxidative stress, antioxidant and inflammatory marker expression. Sci Rep. 2021;11:5747. 021-85264-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85264-9
  22. 19. Khalil SR, Salem HFA, Metwally MMM, Emad RM, Elbohi KM, Ali SA. Protective effect of Spirulina platensis against physiological, ultrastructural and cell proliferation damage induced by furan in kidney and liver of rat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020;192:110256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110256
  23. 20. Sumi ES, Dara PK, Mannuthy RJ, Ganesan B, Anandan R, Mathew S. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective property of squalene for counteracting the oxidative damage induced by methotrexate in experimental rats. Acta Biol Szeged. 2021;64(2):199-206. https://doi.org/10.14232/abs.2020.2.199-206
  24. 21. Giannini EG, Testa R, Savarino V. Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005;172(3):367-79.
  25. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1040752
  26. 22. Schwarz DS, Blower MD. The endoplasmic reticulum: structure, function and response to cellular signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(1):79-94.
  27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2052-6
  28. 23. Zarezade V, Moludi J, Mostafazadeh M, Mohammadi M, Veisi A. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Artemisia dracunculus against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2018;8(1):51-62. https://doi:10.22038/ajp.2017.19137.1738.
  29. 24. Anima J, Nityananda S, Prasanth D, Laxmi KK. Phytochemical and pharmacological overview on Paerida foetida L. and Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm.f.: a review. 2024;11(4):1588-95. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3245

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.