Heavy metal stress influence the andrographolide content, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1034Keywords:
Andrographis paniculata, Copper, Tin, Cobalt, Andrographolide, Total phenolic content, Total flavonoids contentAbstract
Heavy metals (HM) are toxic components present in the earth’s crust that can have a negative impact on plants as well as animals. Andrographis paniculata or ‘King of bitters’ belonging to the family Acanthaceae, is a medicinal herb traditionally used in the treatment of fever, common cold etc. In the present study, the effect of heavy metals (copper, tin and cobalt) on the andrographolide content, biochemical parameters like chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, Total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity in A. paniculata were analysed. Saplings of A. paniculata were treated at 50 and 100 mM concentrations, three different times at a time interval of 7 days. Andrographolide production was found to increase in copper and cobalt treated saplings when compared with the control. From the results, maximum andrographolide concentration was found in the saplings treated with 50 mM copper (8.51 mg/g of DW) and 50 mM tin (8.10 mg/g of DW) respectively. 50 mM cobalt treated plants have shown the highest concentration of TPC (17.21 mg/g of extract) and TFC (6.97 mg/g of extract). Notable variations in other biochemical parameters like total chlorophyll, carotenoid content and antioxidant activities were observed in all treatments compared with the control.
Downloads
References
Adrees M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Ibrahim M, Abbas F et al. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2015;119:186–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.011
Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2010;8:199–216.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8
Yruela I. Copper in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2005;17(1):145–56. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202005000100012
Müller FL, Cyster LF, Raitt LM, Aalbers J. The effects of tin (Sn) additions on the growth of spinach plants. International Journal of Experimental Botany. 2015;84:461–65. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2015.84.461
Minz A, Sinha AK, Kumar R, Kumar B, Deep KP, Kumar SB. A review on importance of cobalt in crop growth and production. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2018;7:2978–84.
Ciesla L. Biological fingerprinting of herbal samples by means of liquid chromatography. Chromatography Research International. 2011;2012(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/532418
Dghaim R, Khatib S, Rasool H, Khan MA. Determination of heavy metals concentration in traditional herbs commonly consumed in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2015;2015:1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/973878
Bharati BD, Sharma PK, Kumar N, Dudhe R, Bansal V. Pharmacological activity of Andrographis paniculata: A brief review. Pharmacologyonline. 2011;2:1–10.
Bhattacharya S, Puri S, Jamwal A, Sharma S. Studies on seed germination and seedling growth in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees) under abiotic stress conditions. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology. 2012;1(3):197–204.
Dutta M, Ghosh AK, Jain G, Rangari V, Chattopadhyay A, Das T et al. Andrographolide, one of the major components of Andrographis paniculata protects against copper-ascorbate induced oxidative damages to goat cardiac mitochondria in-vitro. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2014;28(1):237–47.
Naik PM, Al-Khayri JM. Impact of abiotic elicitors on in- vitro production of plant secondary metabolites: A review. Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology, 2016;1(2):1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/1/2/00102
Sharma SN, Jha Z, Sinha RK, Geda AK. Jasmonate-induced biosynthesis of andrographolide in Andrographis paniculata. Physiologia Plantarum. 2014;153(2):221–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12252
Siripong P, Kongkathip B, Preechanukool K, Picha P, Tunsuwan K, Taylor WC. Cytotoxic diterpenoid constituents from Andrographis paniculata Nees leaves. Journal of The Science Society of Thailand. 1992;18:187–94. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.1992.18.187
Rajput RD, Patil RP. The comparative study on spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoids pigments from non-leguminous fodder crops. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering and Technology. 2017;4(7):140–48.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ, Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent, Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1951;193(1):265–75.
Salerno RA, Odell C, Cyanovich N, Bubnis BP, Morges W, Gray A. Lowry protein determination by automated flow injection analysis for bovine serum albumin and hepatitis B surface antigen, Analytical Biochemistry. 1985;151(2):309–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(85)90181-2
Praveen N, Manohar SH, Naik PM, Nayeem A, Jeong JH, Murthy HN. Production of andrographolide from adventitious root cultures of Andrographis paniculata, Current Science. 2009;96(5):694–97.
Antony A, Nagella P. Effect of heavy metals on the andrographolide content, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2020;32(11): 2748-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22831
Wadood A, Ghufran M, Jamal SB, Naeem M, Khan A, Ghaffar R et al. Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants occurring in local area of Mardan. Biochemistry and Analytical Biochemistry. 2013;2(4):1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000144
Sahu R, Saxena J. Screening of total phenolic and flavonoid content in conventional and non-conventional species of Curcuma. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2013;2(1):176–79.
Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantification of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E1. Analytical Biochemistry. 1999;269(2):337–41. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4019
Wong F, Yong A, Ting EP, Khoo S, Ong H, Chai T. Antioxidant, metal chelating, anti-glucosidase activities and phytochemical analysis of selected tropical medicinal plants. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014;13(4):1409–15.
Jan S, Khan MR, Rashid U, Bokhari J. Assessment of antioxidant potential, total phenolics and flavonoids of different solvent fractions of Monotheca buxifolia fruit, Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(5):246–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.003
Schoefs B. Chlorophyll and carotenoid analysis in food products, Properties of the pigments and methods of analysis. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 2002;13(11):361–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(02)00182-6
Ibrahim MH, Kong YC, Zain NAM. Effect of cadmium and copper exposure on growth, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in the medicinal plant Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr). Molecules. 2017;22(10):1623. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101623
Parmar P, Kumari N, Sharma V. Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress. Botanical Studies. 2013;54(45). https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-54-45
Branco-neves S, Soares C, Sousa A, Martins V, Azenha M, Gerós H, Fidalgo F. An efficient antioxidant system and heavy metal exclusion from leaves make Solanum cheesmaniae more tolerant to Cu than its cultivated counterpart. Food and Energy Security. 2017;6(3):123–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.114
Chandra R, Kang H. Mixed heavy metal stress on photosynthesis, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content in poplar hybrids. Forest Science and Technology. 2016;12(2):55–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2015.1044024
Aggarwal A, Sharma I, Tripathi BN, Munjal AK, Baunthiyal M, Sharma V. Metal toxicity and photosynthesis. In: Itoh S., Mohanty P., Guruprasad K.N., Photosynthesis: Overviews on recent progress and future perspective. New Delhi: IK International Publishing House, 2011;16:229–36.
Joshi R. Biosynthesis of protein in plants under different environmental factors. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 2018;6(2):261–64. https://doi.org/10.22271/plants.2018.v6.i2d.08
Jayakumar K, Jaleel CJ, Vijayarengan P. Changes in growth, biochemical constituents and antioxidant potentials in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under cobalt stress. Turkish Journal of Biology. 2007;31:127–136.
Gopal R, Dube BK, Sinha P, Chatterjee C. Cobalt toxicity effects on growth and metabolism of tomato, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2003;34(5&6):619–28. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120018963
Hasan K, Cheng Y, Kanwar MK, Chu X, Ahammed GJ, Qi Z. Responses of plant proteins to heavy metal stress - A review. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017;8(1492). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01492
Dawande AA, Sahay S. Copper sulphate elicitation of optimized suspension culture of Andrographis paniculata Nees yields unprecedented level of andrographolide. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences. 2020;9(4):688–94. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2020.9.4.688-694
Gandi S, Rao K, Chodisetti B, Giri A. Elicitation of Andrographolide in the suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2012;168:1729–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9892-4
Das D, Bandyopadhay M. Novel approaches towards over-production of andrographolide in in-vitro seedling cultures of Andrographis paniculata, South African Journal of Botony. 2020;128:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.10.015
Narayani M, Srivastava S. Elicitation: a stimulation of stress in in-vitro plant cell/tissue cultures for enhancement of secondary metabolite production. Phytochemistry Reviews. 2017;16:1227–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-017-9534-0
Bravo L, Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism and nutritional significance, Nutrition Reviews. 1998;56(11):317–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01670.x
K?sa D, Elmasta? M, Öztürk L, Kay?r Ö. Responses of the phenolic compounds of Zea mays under heavy metal stress. Applied Biological Chemistry. 2016;59(6):813–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-016-0229-9
Torun H. Cobalt + salt-stressed Salvia officinalis?: ROS scavenging capacity and antioxidant potency. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite. 2019;6(1):49–61. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.484954
Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids?: An overview, The Scientific World Journal. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750
Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2010;4(8):118–126. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70902
Georgiadou EC, Kowalska E, Patla K, Kulbat K, Smolinska B, Leszczynska J, et al. Influence of heavy metals (Ni, Cu and Zn) on nitro-oxidative stress responses, proteome regulation and allergen production in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018;9(862). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00862
Chanda S, Dave R, In vitro models for antioxidant activity evaluation and some medicinal plants possessing antioxidant properties: An overview. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2009;3(13):981–96. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR.9000401
Sarikurkcu C, Tepe B, Semiz DK, Solak MH. Evaluation of metal concentration and antioxidant activity of three edible mushrooms from Mugla Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010;48(2010):1230–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.033
Contreras RA, Pizarro M, Köhler H, Sáez CA, Zúñiga GE. Copper stress induces antioxidant responses and accumulation of sugars and phytochelatins in Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. Biological Research. 2018;51(48). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-018-0197-0
Jaleel CA, Jayakumar K, Chang-xing Z, Azooz MM. Effect of soil applied cobalt on activities of antioxidant enzymes in Arachis hypogaea. Global Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008;3(2):42–45.
Gjorgieva D, Panovska TK, Ruskovska T, BaIeva K, Stafilov T. Influence of heavy metal stress on antioxidant status and DNA damage in Urtica dioica. BioMed Research International. 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/276417
Bent S. Herbal medicine in the United States: review of efficacy, safety and regulation: grand rounds at University of California, San Francisco Medical Center. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2008;23(6):854-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0632-y
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Anna Antony, Praveen Nagella
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).