Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. sp1 (2025): Recent Advances in Agriculture by Young Minds - II

Response of sunflower genotypes to varying plant geometries and integrated nutrient management practices on growth and yield of sunflower

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.10912
Submitted
28 July 2025
Published
14-10-2025

Abstract

Field investigations were conducted at the experimental farm of Annamalai University during February-May and June-September 2024 to examine the combined effects of genotype, plant geometry and integrated nutrient management (INM) on sunflower growth, yield attributes and productivity in the North-Eastern zone of Tamil Nadu. The trial was laid out in a Factorial Randomised Block Design (FRBD) with 20 treatment combinations and three replications. Treatments comprised two factors: Factor-A (genotype and spacing): A1- COSFH 4 at 60 × 30 cm, A2- COSFH 4 at 60 × 45 cm, A3- KBSH 44 at 60 × 30 cm and A4- KBSH 44 at 60 × 45 cm; and Factor-B (INM levels): B1- Control, B2- 100 % RDF + 45 kg S ha-1, B3- 75 % RDN + 100 % PK + 25 % N through vermicompost + 45 kg S ha-1, B4- 75 % RDN + 100 % PK + 25 % N through poultry manure + 45 kg S ha-1 and B5- 75 % RDN + 100 % PK + 12.5 % N through vermicompost + 12.5 % N through poultry manure + 45 kg S ha-1. Results demonstrated that genotype selection, spacing and INM significantly affected morphological, physiological and yield parameters. COSFH 4 at 60 × 30 cm (A1) recorded superior performance. Among INM strategies, B5 proved most effective in enhancing yield. Interaction effects were notable, with A1B5 achieving the highest seed yield (2441.74 kg ha-1), while A4B1 was the lowest. The study underscores the pivotal role of genotype choice, optimum spacing and balanced INM in maximizing sunflower productivity in this region.

References

  1. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The state of food and agriculture 2024: Value-driven transformation of agrifood systems. FAO. 2024. https://www.fao.org/publications/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-food-and-agriculture/en
  2. 2. Agricultural Statistics Division. Agriculture statistics at a glance. Ministry of agriculture and farmers welfare, Government of India. 2024. https://agriwelfare.gov.in/en/Agricultural_Statistics_at_a_Glance
  3. 3. Oilseed Division. Edible oil demand Projections 2030-31. Department of agriculture and farmers welfare, Government of India. 2022. https://agriwelfare.gov.in/en/Oilseeds
  4. 4. Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Ministry of agriculture and farmers welfare, Government of India. 2023-2024. https://desagri.gov.in/en/
  5. 5. Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Agricultural statistics at a glance 2023. Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India. 2023.
  6. 6. Meena HP, Sujatha M, Soni PK. Interspecific hybrid between cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and silver leaf sunflower H. argophyllus T. and G. Cytomorphological and molecular characterization. Indian J Genet Plant Breed. 2017;77(4):547-55. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-6906.2017.00072.4
  7. 7. Kalaiyarasan C, Gandhi G, Vaiyapuri V, Sriramachandrasekharan MV, Jawahar S, Suseendran K, et al. Yield, quality, nutrient uptake and postharvest nutrient status of sunflower genotypes to sulphur fertilization grown under Veeranam Ayacut regions. 2019;19(2):2527-30.
  8. 8. Balraj KVK, Ragavan TP, Saliha BB. Effect of in situ moisture conservation and integrated nutrient management on rainfed green gram. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018;7(4):760-63.
  9. 9. Dambale AS, Ghotmukale AK, Khandekar SD, Suryawanshi SB, Suryararshi VP, Shinde RS. Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, quality and economics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;6:1226-33.
  10. 10. Mukherjee AK, Tripathi S, Mukherjee S, Mallick RB, Banerjee A. Effect of integrated nutrient management in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on alluvial soil. Curr Sci. 2019;117(8):1364-8. http://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-5943
  11. 11. Mahapatra A, Gouda B, Ramesh K. Productivity and profitability of summer sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with integrated nutrient management. J Oilseeds Res. 2021;38(1):106-9. http://doi.org/10.56739/jor.v38i1.137020
  12. 12. Deepika CL, Singh R, Reddy VSN. Response of different levels of nitrogen and sulphur on production and economics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Int J Plant Soil Sci. 2022;34:87-92. https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/1773
  13. 13. Adhikary P, Patra PS, Reja H, Saren S, Tudu B. Response of sunflower to different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018;7(4):2898-902.
  14. 14. Patel JR, Patil SS, Pawar MM, Gami YM, Gupta JP, Chauhan HD, et al. Effect of sunflower oil supplementation on milk production, composition, fatty acid profile and blood metabolites of Mehsana buffaloes. Asian J Dairy Food Res. 2023;43:31. https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.DR-2039
  15. 15. Ravikumar C, Karthikeyan A, Senthilvalavan P, Manivannan R. Effect of sulphur, zinc and boron on the growth and yield enhancement of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Appl Nat Sci. 2021;13(1). https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2569
  16. 16. Saleem M, Elahi E, Gandahi AW, Bhatti SM, Ibrahim H, Ali M. Effect of sulphur application on growth, oil content and yield of sunflower. Sarhad J Agric. 2019;35(4). https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2019/35.4.1198.1203
  17. 17. Mokgolo MJ, Mzezewa J, Odhiambo JJ. Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa. S Afr J Sci. 2019;115(11-12):1-7. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2019/6410
  18. 18. Agbede TM. Poultry manure improves soil properties and grain mineral composition, maize productivity and economic profitability. Sci rep. 2025;15(1):16501. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00394-8
  19. 19. Alauddin M. Integrated effects of NPK fertilizers and organic manures on the growth, yield and nutrient content of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Dhaka Univ J Biol Sci. 2022;30(3):359-69. https://doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v30i3.59029
  20. 20. Anusuyadevi P, Senthilkumar S, Rajendran K. Effect of vermicompost on soil fertility and crop productivity: A review. J Org Agric Environ. 2023;11(2):45-52.
  21. 21. Devi R. Vermicompost: A sustainable approach to soil fertility. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 2024;24(3):456-67. http://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00245-y
  22. 22. Thirunavukkarasu A, Sivashankar R, Nithya R, Sathya AB, Priyadharshini V, Kumar BP, et al. Sustainable organic waste management using vermicomposting: A critical review on the prevailing research gaps and opportunities. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2023;25(3):364-81. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00324D
  23. 23. Fisher RA, Yates F. Statistical tables for biological, agricultural and medical research (6th ed.). Oliver and Boyd. 1963.
  24. 24. Watson DJ. Comparative physiological studies on the growth of field crops: I. Variation in net assimilation rate and leaf area between species and varieties and within and between years. Ann Bot. 1947;11(41):41-76. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083148
  25. 25. Panse LB, Sukhate. Statistical method for agriculture workers. 2nd ed. New Delhi: ICAR.1978. p. 145.
  26. 26. Awadalla A, Morsy A, Saleh S. Performance of sunflower cv. Sakha-53 as influenced by accumulated heat units under different sowing dates and plant spacing at Aswan conditions. Sci J Agric Sci. 2022;4(1):69-83. https://doi.org/10.21608/sjas.2022.107520.1170
  27. 27. Lipi NJ, Maniruzzaman M. Effect of different planting density of sunflower varieties on yield and yield attributing characters in rice-rice-sunflower cropping pattern. Res Agric Livest Fish. 2023;10(3):229-35. http://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v10i3.69592
  28. 28. Sneha MA, Desai BK, Umesh MR, Koppalkar BG, Kuchanur PH. Effect of planting density and fertilizer rate on performance of newly developed sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.). Pharma Innov J. 2022;11(8):167-78. https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/?year=2022&vol=11&issue=8&ArticleId=15071
  29. 29. Kaleri A, Bughio A, Khokhar F, Samoon R, Iqbal K, Kaleri N, et al. The growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under different organic (farm yard manure) and inorganic phosphorus doses. Pak J Biotechnol. 2024;21(1):148-54. http://doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2024.21.01.894
  30. 30. Ibrahim BA, Eldey EM, Ishag AA, El Naim AM. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to plant spacing. Innov Sci Technol. 2023;2(2):32-7. https://doi.org/10.56397/IST.2023.03.06
  31. 31. Prabhakar KD, Lakshmi Kalyani SSB, Neelima S, Ramanamma KV, Rao MS. Response of rainfed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to varying planting geometry and fertilizer levels under different land configurations in vertisols. Indian Soc Oilseeds Res. 2019;36(1):45. https://doi.org/10.56739/jor.v36i1.126057
  32. 32. Marin FR, Santos MER, Costa AGF, Silva TO. Row spacing and water availability influence growth and grain yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Ind Crops Prod. 2022;180:114763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114763
  33. 33. Shams MS, Ahmed M, Khan RA. Effect of vermicompost and biochar on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under semi-arid conditions. J Plant Nutr. 2024;47(2):215-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2023.2287542
  34. 34. Hammad HM, Abbas F, Farhad W, Ali MA. Enhancing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) productivity and oil quality through integrated use of mineral fertilizers and bio-inoculants under semi-arid conditions. Field Crops Res. 2025;305:108985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2025.108985
  35. 35. Meena RH, Meena MK, Kumawat A, Meena BL. Effect of different spacing and fertilizer levels on yield attributes and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under rainfed conditions. J Oilseeds Res. 2022;39(1):44-9. https://doi.org/10.56739/jor.v39i1.123456
  36. 36. Rahangdale P, Thakur AK, Kumar A. Response of planting geometry, nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth parameters and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Arch. 2024;24(2). https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2024.v24.no.2.301

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.