Performance of papaya variety ‘Surya’ under fertigation and foliar nutrition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.3.1194Keywords:
Borax, Carica papaya, Fertigation, foliar spray, Zinc sulphateAbstract
Effects of fertigation and foliar nutrition with micronutrients on papaya flowering, yield and fruit quality parameters were studied during the period 2018 – 2020 at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. A field experiment consists of 14 treatments replicated thrice was laid out based on randomized block design. A combination of four fertigation doses of 75 %, 100 %, 125 % and 150 % Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) of N (304.89, 406.52, 508.15 and 609.78 gm urea plant-1 year-1 respectively based on soil test data in 76 fertigation) and K (426.25, 568.33, 710.42 and 852.50 gm muriate of potash plant?¹ year?¹ respectively based on soil test data in 76 fertigation) and three foliar sprays (1.0 % 19:19:19 at bimonthly interval starting from 4 MAP (Month After Planting) to 16 MAP, 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.3% borax at 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th MAP and water spray at bimonthly interval starting from 4 MAP to 16 MAP) where compared with soil application of recommended dose of NPK (187:170:341 g NPK plant-1 year-1 based on soil test data) (control 1) and 187:170:341 g NPK plant-1 year-1 based on soil test data as organic manures as combination of FYM (Farm Yard Manure), poultry manure and vermicompost in the ratio of 2:1:1 (control 2). Application of 100 % recommended dose of N and K through fertigation at weekly interval from one MAP to 20 MAP and foliar sprays of 0.5 % ZnSO4 and 0.3 % borax at 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th MAP (T5) initiated earliness in flowering (142.67 days) and harvest (275.00 days). However, plants receiving 100 % recommended dose of N and K through fertigation at weekly interval from one MAP to 20 MAP with foliar sprays of 1% 19:19:19 at bimonthly interval starting from 4 MAP to 16 MAP (T4) significantly improved the fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and total yield per plant in papaya variety ‘Surya’ and it was on par with T5. Fruit quality parameters namely TSS (Total Soluble Solids), ascorbic acid and total sugars were found significantly highest in T5 and lowest titratable acidity was also recorded in T5. Hence, treatment T5 which is found superior in initiating early harvest, with higher yield and good quality characters in papaya variety ‘Surya’ can be recommended to farmers.
Downloads
References
NHB [National Horticuture Board]. NHB home page [online]. 2009. Available: http://nhb.gov.in/statistics/areaproduction-statistics.html
Jeyakumar P, Amutha R, Balamohan TN, Auxcilia J, Nalina L. Fertigation improves fruit yield and quality of papaya. Acta Horticulturae. 2010;851:369-76. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.851.56
Soorianathasundaram K. Management of production constraints in papaya. In: Balamohan TN., Vijayakumar RM., Soorianathasundaram K., Poornima K, Vadivel E. (eds), Management of Production Problems in Tropical Fruit Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. 2005; pp. 38-45.
Nautiyal BD, Sharma CP, Agarwala SC. Iron, zinc and boron deficiency in papaya. Scientia Horticulturae. 1986;29(1-2):115-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(86)90037-3
AOAC [Association of Official Analytical Chemists]. AOAC home page [online]. 1980. Available: http://www.aoac.org/iMIS15 pROD/AOAC
AOAC, [Association of Official Agricultural Chemists] Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (16th Ed.). Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington D. C. 1998; p. 899.
Sadasivam S, Manikam A. Biochemical Methods. (92nd Ed.). New Age International Publishers. 1996; 256p.
Ranganna S. Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruits and Vegetable Products (3rd Ed.). Tata McGraw and Hill Publication Co. Ltd., New Delhi. 1997; 634p.
Panse VG, Sukhatme PV. Statistical Method for Agricultural Workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. 1985; 347p.
Sadarunnisa S, Madhumathi C, Babu KH, Sreenivasulu B, Krishna MR. Effect of fertigation on growth and yield of papaya cv. Red Lady. Acta Horticulturae. 2010;851:395-400. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.851.61
Jadhav PB, Padhiar BV, Senapati AK, Gaware ND, Pokharkar KK. Effect of fertigation, splitting and mulching on first flowering height (cm), first flower initiation and days to fruit maturity after transplanting of papaya cv. Red Lady (786). International Journal of Current Research. 2016;8(6):32898-900.
Agrawal N, Panigrahi HK, Tiwari SP, Agrawal R, Sharma D, Dikshit SN. Effect of fertigation through water-soluble fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Acta Horticulturae. 2010; 23:507-10.
Shree S, Regar CL, Ahmad F, Singh VK, Kumari R, Kumari A. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality attributes of hybrid bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 2018;7(4):2319-7706. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.258
Gonge AP, Patel BN, Sonavane SS, Zala JN, Solia BM. Comparative performance of water soluble and routinely used fertilizer with respective to different fertigation levels and frequencies on growth parameters and crop duration of banana cv. Grand Naine under drip irrigation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2015;8(29):1-6. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i29/54618
Muhammad S, Abdur R, Nawab A, Muhammad A, Louise F, Masood A. Effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on fruit production and physiological disorders in sweet orange cv. Blood Red. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 2010;26(3):282-91.
Ram RA, Bose TK. Effect of foliar application of magnesium and micronutrients on growth, yield and fruit quality of mandarin orange. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 2000; 57(3):215-20.
Oliveira AMG, Souza LFS, Coelho EF. Papaya. Available: http://www.ipipotash.org/udocs/8_Papaya.pdf 2004. [27 Feb 2020].
Brahmachari VS, Yadav GS, Kumar N. Effect of foliar feeding of calcium, zinc and boron on yield and quality attributes to litchi (Litchi chinensis L.). Orissa Journal of Horticulture. 1997; 25(1):49-53.
Jena C, Panda PK, Karna AK. Effect of growth promoting substances on flowering behaviour of cashew cv. BPP-8 grown in the coastal region of Odisha. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 2018;6(6):908-11.
Dhurve MK, Sharma TR, Bhooriya MS, Lodha G. Effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth, reproductive and yield of pomegranate cv. Ganesh in hast bahar. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 2018; 6(5):499-503.
Rahman MM, Sahadat M, Rahul S, Roni MZK, Jamal Uddin AFM. Effect of preharvest B and Zn spray on yield and quality of strawberry. International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research. 2016;5(1):41-46.
Corbesier L, Bernier G, Perilleux C. C: N ratio increases in the phloem sap during floral transition of the long-day plants Sinapis alba and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiology. 2002;43(6):684-88. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcf071
Bernier G, Kinet JM, Sachs RM. The Physiology of Flowering, 1: CRC Press, Boca Raton. 1981; 384p.
Rideout JW, Raper CD, Miner GS. Changes in ratio of soluble sugars and free amino nitrogen in the apical meristem during floral transition of tobacco. International Journal of Plant Science. 1992;153:78-88. https://doi.org/10.1086/297008
Singh KK, Singh PK, Pandey PKR, Shukla KN. Integrated water and nutrient management of young mango crop in tarai region of Uttaranchal. In: 3rd Asian Regional Conference. 10-16 Sept 2006, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur. 2006; 314p.
Krishnamoorthy C. Effect of fertigation through drip and micro sprinkler on growth, physiology, yield and quality in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Ph.D (Hort.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. 2011; 194p.
Peres-Lopez A, Reyes RD. Effect of nitrogen and boron application on Carica papaya L. growth and yield. Journal of Agricultural University, Puerto Rico. 1983;67:181-87. https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v67i3.7711
Yadav HC, Yadav AL, Yadav DK, Yadav PK. Effect of foliar application of micronutrients and GA3 on fruit yield and quality of rainy season guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49. Plant Archives. 2011; 11(1):147-49.
Pant, V. and Lavania, M. L. 1989. Effect of foliar sprays of iron, zinc and boron on growth and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Progressive Horticulture. 21:165-67.
Babaji JP. Effect of fertigation and mulching on growth, yield and quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red lady. Ph. D. Thesis, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. 2013; 131p.
Yadav VK, Jain MC, Sharma MK, Suman M. Effect of micronutrients spray on physical and chemical characteristics of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Sindhuri. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 2018; 7: 998-1005.
Sharma A, Wali VK, Bakshi P, Jasrotia A. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on quality and shelf life of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Sardar. Bioscan. 2013;8(4):1247-50.
Jadhav PB, Padhiar BV, Senapati AK, Gaware ND, Bhor RA, Nawalkar DP. Effect of fertigation and mulching on yield and yield attributes studies in papaya under South Gujarat conditions. Research in Environment and Life Science. 2016; 9(12):1457-60.
Khan AS, Ullah W, Malik AU, Ahmad R, Saleem BA, Rajwana IA. Exogenous applications of boron and zinc influence leaf nutrient status, tree growth and fruit quality of feutrell’s early (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Pakisthan Journal of Agricultural Science. 2012;49(2):113-19.
Nijjar GS. Nutrition of Fruit Trees. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India. 1998; 320p.
Whiley IEAW, Smith BN, Wolstenholme JB, Saranah. Boron Nutrition of Avocados. In: South African Avocado Growers’ Association Yearbook. 1996;19:1-7.
Kumar A, Singh RK, Sinha AK, Singh HK, Mishra AP. Effect of fertigation on banana through drip irrigation in North Bihar. Journal of Research Birsa Agricultural University. 2007;19:81-86.
Gutal GB, Barai VN, Mane TA, Purkar JK, Bote NL. Scheduling of nitrogen through drip method of irrigation for strawberry. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University. 2005;30:215-26.
Shimi GJ. Input management for precision farming in banana. Ph.D (Ag) Thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur. 2014; 153p.
Kavitha M, Kumar N, Jeyakumar P. Role of zinc and boron on fruit yield and associated characters in papaya cv. Co-5. S Indian Horticulture. 2000;48(1):6-10.
Grace UM. Study on fertigation scheduling in Kinnow mandarin. M.Sc. (Hort.) Thesis, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. 2011; 81p.
Marschner H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants (2nd Ed.). Academic Press, London, UK. 1995; 889p.
Abedy A. Effects of zinc sulfate and citric acid spray on fruit characteristics of tomato cultivar Urbana. M.Sc. Thesis, Shiraz University, Iran. 2001; 113p.
Boora RS, Devi S. Effect of NPK on growth, yield and quality of sapota (Manilkara achras (Mill.) Forberg) cv. Cricket Ball. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 2000;29(3):188-89.
Alloway BJ. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. International Zinc Association Brussel, Belgium. 2008; [11 June 2011]. Available: https://www.fertilizer.org/images/Library_Downloads/2008_IZA_IFA_ZincInSoils.pdf
Nawaz MA, Ahmad W, Ahmad S, Khan MM. Role of growth regulators on preharvest fruit drop, yield and quality in Kinnow mandarin. Pakisthan Journal of Botany. 2008;40:1971-81.
Dugger WM. Boron in plant metabolism. In: Lauchli, A., Bieleski, R. L. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York. 1983; pp. 626-50.
Babu KD, Yadav DS. Foliar spray of micronutrients for yield and quality improvement in Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.). Indian Horticulture Journal. 2005;62:280-81.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Karishma Sebastian, Bindu B, Rafeekher M
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
