Evaluation of toxicity of Vitex negundo L. synthesized silver nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2961

Keywords:

Characterization, Larvicidal activity, Phytocompounds, Silver nanoparticles, Vitex negundo L.

Abstract

Dengue, chikungunya, and zika are some of the fatal diseases that are causing a high number of deaths. Therefore, this work is designed to provide an effective control measure against these species of mosquito. Vitex negundo L. leaves were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were proven to have significant larvicidal and pupicidal activity when tested against the developmental stages of Aedes aegypti. The nanoparticles were synthesized using silver nitrate, and the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as UV-visible spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction to confirm the presence of nanoparticles. The conditions for the larval hatchability from the first instar to adult stages were optimized at different pH ranges with three water sources: reverse osmosis water, tap water, and stagnant water. The LC50 of the subjected stages was found to be 441.43, 308.74, and 490.66 µl/L for the third and fourth instar and pupal stages of A. aegypti, respectively. The plant secondary metabolites were utilized as ligand compounds to target mosquito juvenile hormone-binding protein. Our study attempted to identify a plant-based nanomaterial that showed promising results in controlling larval development.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Wilson JJ, Deepalakshmi U, Ponmanickam P, Sivakumar T. Mosquito larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles from selected bacteria against Aedes aegypti. J Entomol Res. 2021;45:1-12. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4576.2021.00001.3

Salunkhe RB, Patil SV, Patil CD, Salunke BK. Larvicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using fungus Cochliobolus lunatus against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera; Culicidae). Parasitol Res. 2011;109:823-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2328-1

Morejón B, Pilaquinga F, Domenech F, Ganchala D, Debut A, Neira M. Larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of Ambrosia arborescens (Asteraceae) to control Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). J Nanotechnol. 2018;1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6917938

Tandina F, Doumbo O, Yaro AS, Traoré SF, Parola P, Robert V. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and mosquito-borne diseases in Mali, West Africa. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3045-8

Shanmugasundara T, Balagurunathan R. Mosquito larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised using actinobacterium, Streptomyces sp. M25 against Anopheles subpictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti. J Parasit Dis. 2015;39:677-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-013-0412-4

Rahman MM. Insecticide substitutes for DDT to control mosquitoes may be causes of several diseases. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013;20:2064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1145-0

Sutthanont N, Attrapadung S, Nuchprayoon S. Larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles from Curcuma zedoaria essential oil against Culex quinquefasciatus. Insects. 2019;10:27. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10010027

Chandrasekaran T, Thyagarajan A, Santhakumari PG, Pillai AKB, Krishnan UM. Larvicidal activity of essential oil from Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia on dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019;52:e20180459. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0459-2018

Bouafia A, Laouini SE, Ahmed ASA, Soldatov AV, Algarni H, Feng Chong K et al. The recent progress on silver nanoparticles: Synthesis and electronic applications. Nanomaterials. 2021;11:2318. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092318

Sanchooli N, Saeidi S, Barani HK, Sanchooli E. In vitro antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Verbena officinalis leaf extract on Yersinia ruckeri, Vibrio cholera, and Listeria monocytogenes. Iran J Microbiol. 2018;10:400.

Khan K, Javed S. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract of exhibit enhanced antimicrobial efficacy than the chemically synthesized nanoparticles: A comparative study. Sci Prog. 2021;104:368504211012159. https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504211012159

Salayová A, Bedlovi?ová Z, Daneu N, Baláž M, Luká?ová BZ, Balážová ? et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial activity using various medicinal plant extracts: Morphology and antibacterial efficacy. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021;11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11041005

Sivapriyajothi S, Mahesh KP, Kovendan K, Subramaniam J, Murugan K. Larvicidal and pupicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Leucas aspera leaf extract against mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. J Entomol Acarol Res. 2014;46:77. https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2014.1787

Gill BS, Mehra R, Navgeet Kumar S. Vitex negundo and its medicinal value. Mol Biol Rep. 2018;45:2925-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4421-3

Ghani S, Behnam R, Samira B, Azam M, Shahin A, Fatemeh Y. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the plant extracts of Vitex agnus-castus L.: An ecofriendly approach to overcome antibiotic resistance. Int Journal of Prev Med. 2022;13:133.

Poonguzali J, Kalaivani M. Studies on the larvicidal efficacy of leaf extract of Vitex negundo against Culex quinquefasciatus. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2019;40-43. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i11.32826

Marimuthu G, Rajamohan S, Mohan R, Krishnamoorthy Y. Larvicidal and ovicidal properties of leaf and seed extracts of Delonix elata (L.) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria (Anopheles stephensi Liston) and dengue (Aedes aegypti Linn.) (Diptera: Culicidae) vector mosquitoes. Parasitol Res. 2012;111:65-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2802-9

Narayana Swamy V, Gowda KN, Sudhakar R. Natural dye extracted from Vitex negundo as a potential alternative to synthetic dyes for dyeing of silk. J Inst Eng (India) ser E. 2016;97:31-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40034-015-0069-x

Abidin L, Mujeeb M, Mir SR, Khan SA, Ahmad A. Comparative assessment of extraction methods and quantitative estimation of luteolin in the leaves of Vitex negundo Linn. by HPLC. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014;7:S289-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60248-0

Kancherla N, Dhakshinamoothi A, Chitra K, Komaram RB. Preliminary analysis of phytoconstituents and evaluation of anthelminthic property of Cayratia auriculata (In vitro). Mædica. 2019;14:350.

Deshmukh MA, Theng MA. Phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of primary and secondary metabolites of Acacia arabica bark. Int J Curr Pharm Sci. 2018;35-37. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i2.25889

Usman H, Abdulrahman FI, Usman A. Qualitative phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial effects of methanol stem bark extract of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae). Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2009;6:289. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v6i3.57178

Panchal P, Parvez N. Phytochemical analysis of medicinal herb (Ocimum sanctum). International Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine. 2019;5:008-11. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-3492.000029

Hazarika A, Saha D. Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of the anti-diarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum. Int J Curr Pharm Sci. 2017;143-46. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i4.20980

Yusuf AZ, Zakir A, Shemau Z, Abdullahi M, Halima SA. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol leaves extract of Paullinia pinnata Linn. J Pharmacogn Phytother. 2014;6:10-16. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2013.0299

Hossain MA, AL-Raqmi KAS, AL-Mijizy ZH, Weli AM, Al-Riyami Q. Study of total phenol, flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of various leaves crude extracts of locally grown Thymus vulgaris. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3:705. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60142-2

Auwal MS, Saka S, Mairiga IA, Sanda KA, Shuaibu A, Ibrahim A. Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa). Veterinary Research Forum: An International Quarterly Journal. 2014;5:95.

Phuyal A, Ojha PK, Guragain B, Chaudhary NK. Phytochemical screening, metal concentration determination, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial evaluation of Drymaria diandra plant. Beni-Suef Uni J Bas and App Sci. 2019;8:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-019-0020-1

Alhajali O, Ali-Nizam A. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Pistacia atlantica and Pinus canariensis extracts. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry. 2021;8:403-18. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.836074

Mahmod AI, Talib WH. Anticancer activity of Mandragora autumnalis: An in vitro and in vivo study. 2021;68:827-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e71695

Krithiga N, Rajalakshmi A, Jayachitra A. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Clitoria ternatea and Solanum nigrum and study of its antibacterial effect against common nosocomial pathogens. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2015;1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/92820432.

Shah MZ, Guan ZH, Din AU, Ali A, Rehman AU, Jan K et al. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Plantago lanceolata extract and assessing their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Sci Rep. 2021;11:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00296-5

Anandalakshmi K, Venugopal J, Ramasamy V. Characterization of silver nanoparticles by green synthesis method using Pedalium murex leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Appl Nanosci. 2016;6:399-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0449-z

Agarwal H, Menon S, Rajeshkumar S, Kumar SV. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Kalanchoe pinnata leaf extract and its antibacterial effect against gram-positive and gram-negative species. Res J of Pharm and Tech. 2018;11:3964-68. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00728.X

George JA, Vinanthi Rajalakshmi KS, Rajendran R, Paari KA. Biocontrol of Aedes aegypti using Talaromyces islandicus synthesized silver nanoparticles. Asian J of Chem. 2022;34:2897-904. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23908

Guo X, Zhou S, Wu J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li Z et al. An experimental evaluation of toxicity effects of sodium chloride on oviposition, hatching, and larval development of Aedes albopictus. Pathogens. 2022;11:262. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020262

Krishnappa KEA. Mosquitocidal properties of Oxystelma esculentum (Asclepiadaceae)-Indian medicinal plant tested against Ades aegypti (Linn.) (Diptera: Culicidae). J Coast Life Med. 2015;3:326-32.

Okoli BJ, Ladan Z, Mtunzi F, Hosea YC. Vitex negundo L. essential oil: Odorant binding protein efficiency using molecular docking approach and studies of the mosquito repellent. Insec. 2021;12:1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121061

Kaur M, Mahale G. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activities, and quantification of compounds by HPLC of the leaf extracts from two varieties of Vitex negundo to explore their potential for textile uses. The Pharm Inn. 2022;11:1665-72.

Parthiban E, Manivannan N, Ramanibai R, Mathivanan N. Green synthesis of silver-nanoparticles from leaves aqueous extract and its mosquito larvicidal and anti-microbial activity on human pathogens. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2019;21:e00297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00297

Pilaquinga F, Morejón B, Ganchala D, Morey J, Piña N, Debut A et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Solanum mammosum L. (Solanaceae) fruit extract and their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). PLoS One. 2019;14:e0224109. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224109

Loganathan S, Selvam K, Padmavathi G, Shivakumar MS, Senthil-Nathan S, Sumathi AG et al. Biological synthesis and characterization of Passiflora subpeltata Ortega aqueous leaf extract in silver nanoparticles and their evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-cancer and larvicidal activities. J King Saud Uni - Sci. 2022;34:101846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101846

El-Ashmouny RS, Rady MH, Merdan BA, El-Sheikh TAA, Hassan RE, El Gohary EGE. Larvicidal and pathological effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Artemisia herba-alba against Spodoptera littoralis through feeding and contact application. Egyp J of Basic and Appl Sci. 2022;9:239-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/2314808x.2022.2063012

Devaraj P, Kumari P, Aarti C, Renganathan A. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using cannonball leaves and their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line. J Nanotechnol. 2013;1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598328

Santhoshkumar T, Rahuman AA, Rajakumar G, Marimuthu S, Bagavan A, Jayaseelan C et al. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against malaria and filariasis vectors. Parasitol Res. 2010;108:693-702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2115-4

McNaughton D, Miller ER, Tsourtos G. The importance of water typologies in lay entomologies of habitat, breeding and dengue risk: A study from Northern Australia. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2018;3:2. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3020067

Ramos RS, Macêdo WJC, Costa JS, da Silva CH, De P, Rosa JMC, da Cruz JN et al. Potential inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and juvenile hormone with insecticidal activity: Study of the binding mode via docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020;38:4687-709. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2019.1688192

Elumalai D, Hemalatha P, Kaleena PK. Larvicidal activity and GC–MS analysis of Leucas aspera against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Journal of the Saudi Soc of Agri Sci. 2017;16:313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2015.10.003

Published

07-05-2024 — Updated on 20-05-2024

Versions

How to Cite

1.
George JA, Ying Ying J, Pappuswamy M, Balasubramanian B, Chaudhary A, Paari KA. Evaluation of toxicity of Vitex negundo L. synthesized silver nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2024 May 20 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];11(2). Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/2961

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)