Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024)

Elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals using Ayurvedic extracts obtained from Calotropis procera: An in-vitro study

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3136
Submitted
26 November 2023
Published
23-08-2024 — Updated on 25-08-2024
Versions

Abstract

The elimination of antimicrobial drugs resistant bacteria from root canals, such as Enterococcus faecalis, poses a challenge. These bacteria are predominantly isolated from failed endodontic cases and asymptomatic persistent periapical lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elimination of E. faecalis from root canals using Ayurvedic extracts obtained from the leaves of Calotropis procera. Three forms of Ayurvedic extracts were prepared from the leaves of C. procera, namely Swarasa, Kwaatha and Hima. Initially, a disc diffusion test was conducted to assess the antimicrobial properties of these extracts against E. faecalis, comparing them with 2routinely used endodontic irrigants. Seventy-two single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented up to the Protaper F2 rotary file and subjected to sterilization. The root canals were then cultured with E. faecalis to form a mature biofilm. All sample teeth were irrigated with the study irrigants and instrumented with the WaveOne GOLD large file (0.40/.08v). The debris collected in these files underwent testing for bacterial load using the colony-forming unit (CFU) test. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using One-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.0001). Ayurvedic extracts yielded significantly better results compared to control irrigants in the disc diffusion assay. However, all study irrigant groups performed efficiently against E. faecalis with no statistically significant difference observed using the CFU test in root canals. Ayurvedic extracts obtained from the leaves of C. procera were as effective as standard root canal irrigants (NaOCl and CHX) in eliminating E. faecalis from the root canals.

References

  1. Ravishankar B, Shukla VJ. Indian systems of medicine: A brief profile. Afr J Trad CAM. 2007;4:319-37. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v4i3.31226
  2. Yadav V, Jayalakshmi S, Singla RK. Traditional systems of medicine—Now andforever. Webmed Central Pharma Scies. 2012;1-5.
  3. Chopra A, Doiphode W. Ayurvedic medicine: Core concept, therapeutic. Principles and current relevance. Med Clin N Amer. 2002;75-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-7125(03)00073-7
  4. Patwardhan B. Bridging Ayurveda with evidence-based scientific approaches in medicine. The EPMA Journal. 2014;5(1):19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1878-5085-5-19
  5. Gamble JS. Flora of the Presidency of Madras, Vol. I, II, III, Botanical survey of India, Calcutta; 1935.
  6. Meena AK, Yadav A, Rao MM. Ayurvedic uses and pharmacological activities of Calotropis procera Linn. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines. 2011;6(2):45-53.
  7. Larhsini M, Bousaid M, Lazrek HB, Jana M, Amarouch H. Evaluation of antifungal and molluscicidal properties of extracts of Calotropis procera. Fitoterapia. 1997;68(4):371-73.
  8. Setty SR, Quereshi AA, Viswanathswamy AHM, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of Calotropis procera flowers against paracetamol-induced hepatic injury in rats. Fitoterapia. 2007;78(7-8):451-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.11.022
  9. Mohsin A, Shah AH, Alaha MA, Tariqi MO, Ageel AM. Analgesic, antipyretic activity and phytochemical screening of some plants used in traditional Arab system of medicine. Fitoterapia. 1989;60(2):174-77.
  10. Harvey AL, Edrada-Ebel R, Quinn RJ. The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nat Rev Drug Disc. 2015;14:111-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4510
  11. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, Santos KRN. Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. J Endod. 2004;30:315-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200405000-00004
  12. Distel JW, Hatton JF, Gillespie MJ. Biofilm formation in medicated root canals. J Endod. 2002;28:689 -93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200210000-00003
  13. Afkhami F, Akbari S, Chiniforush N. Enterococcus faecaliselimination in root canals using silver nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy, diode laser or laser-activated nanoparticles: An in vitrostudy. J Endod. 2017 Feb;43(2):279-82. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.08.029. Epub 2016 Dec 24.
  14. Mato R, de Lencastre H, Roberts RB, Tomasz A. Multiplicity of genetic backgrounds among vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates recovered from an outbreak in a New York City hospital. Microb Drug Resist. 1996;2:309-17. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.1996.2.309
  15. Jett BD, Huycke MM, Gilmore MS. Virulence of Enterococci. ClinMicrobiol Rev. 1994;7:462-78. Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G, Kvist T. Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J. 1998;31:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1998.t01-1-00111.x
  16. Love RM. Enterococcus faecalis: a mechanism for its role in endodontic failure. Int Endod J. 2001;34:399-405. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00437.x
  17. Lee W, Lim S, Son H, Bae K. Sonicated extract of Enterococcus faecalis induces irreversible cell cycle arrest in phytohemagglutinin-activated human lymphocytes. J Endod. 2004;30:209-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200404000-00006
  18. Lee W, Lim S, Son H, Bae K. Sonicated extract of Enterococcus faecalis induces irreversible cell cycle arrest in phytohemagglutinin-activated human lymphocytes. J Endod. 2004;30:209-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200404000-00006
  19. Ragozin BV. The history of the development of Ayurvedic medicine in Russia. AncSci Life. 2016;35(3):143-49. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7941.179868
  20. Savrikar SS, Ravishankar B. Bhaishajyakalpanaa - the Ayurvedic pharmaceutics - an overview. Afr J Trad CAM. 2010;7(3):174-84. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v7i3.54773
  21. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006;32:389-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2005.09.014
  22. Iqbal A. Antimicrobial irrigants in the endodontic therapy. International Journal of Health Sciences. 2012;6(2):186-92. https://doi.org/10.12816/0005998
  23. Verma R, Satsangi G, Shrivastava J. Chemical analysis of leaves of weed Calotropis procera (Ait.) and its antifungal potential. In: Khemani L, Srivastava M, Srivastava S. (eds). Chemistry of Phytopotentials: Health, Energy and Environmental Perspectives. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23394-4_20

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.