Phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and proximate analysis of ZiziphusoxyphyllaEdgew. (Angreziber) from Soon Valley, Salt Range, Pakistan

Sarvat Rahim; Javaria  Nargis; Amin Shah; Muhammad Nadeem; Muhammad  Kabir; Gulfam Shahzad; Tehreem Tahir; Umna Zainab; Asif Abbas Shah; Nuzhat Rasul

doi:10.14719/pst.3163

Authors

Sarvat Rahim Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-2064
Javaria Nargis Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0190-2930
Amin Shah Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-0047
Muhammad Nadeem Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-4334
Muhammad Kabir Department of Biological Sciences, Thal University Bhakkar (University of Sargodha, Ex-Sub Campus Bhakkar)- Bhakkar-30000, Punjab, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-2675
Gulfam Shahzad Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7897-5754
Tehreem Tahir Department of Botany, University of Sargodha , Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0767-5563
Umna Zainab Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8854-1682
Asif Abbas Shah Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-498X
Nuzhat Rasul Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6237-5942

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3163

Keywords:

Ziziphusoxyphylla, Soon Valley, nutritional analysis, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, food source

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and proximate composition of ZiziphusoxyphyllaEdgew. (Angreziber) through the use of ethanol and aqueous extracts. The flavonoid concentration of the extracts exhibited significant variation as a result of employing 2 distinct extraction methods, specifically sun-drying and shade-drying. Shade-dried aqueous extracts of leaves yielded the highest TPC of 599±1.00 mg/100g GAE (where GAE stands for Gallic acid equivalent), while shade-dried ethanol extracts of leaves exhibited a minimum value of TPC 281±1.00 mg/100g GAE. In leaves,the highest flavonoid content was observed in sun-dried ethanol extracts at 496.296±3.70 mg/100g CE (where CE stands for catechin equivalent), while the minimum was observed in shade-dried aqueous extracts at 159.259 ±48.15 mg/100g CE. Sun-dried ethanol extract 3711.35 ± 2.70 µg/100g AAE (where AAE stands for ascorbic acid equivalent) exhibits a higher level of antioxidants as compared to shade-dried aqueous extracts valued at 462.70 ± 2.70 µg/100g AAE. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of fruit yielded 758.000 mg/100g GAE and 739.333 mg/100g GAE respectively. At the same time, aqueous and ethanol extracts of fruit yielded 405.045 µg/100g AAE and 329.369 µg/100g AAE antioxidants respectively. Proximate analysis of Z. oxyphylla fruit yielded the following results: Moisture 11.9333±0.0208%, fat 8.2466± 0.02081% fiber 5.03 ± 0.02%, ash 5.6666± 0.1527%, protein 2.0366± 0.0152% and NFE (Nitrogen-Free Extract) 79.233 ± 0.02081%. The results obtained from this study, which focused on the total phenolic contents and proximate compositions of Z. oxyphylla, can serve as a foundation for further investigations into its antioxidant capabilities also.

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