Morpho-anatomy of cape gooseberry flowers (Physalis peruviana L.) at various stages of development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3597Keywords:
anatomical development, flowers, morphology, Physalis peruviana L.Abstract
As an indigenous remedy for a variety of ailments, cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a member of the Solanaceae family, has historically contributed significantly to health promotion. The metabolites contained in Physalis fruit have been used traditionally by some Chinese communities to treat and prevent various diseases, such as cancer and hepatitis. Research related to the analysis of secondary metabolites in cape gooseberry fruit has been widely conducted, but studies on the morphology and anatomy of flower development, especially in P. peruviana have not been carried out. This study aimed to examine the morphological and anatomical structure of P. peruviana flowers at various stages of development. The procedures included: collection of flower morphology data, preparation of anatomical slides of flowers using the paraffin embedding method and qualitative analysis. The observation results demonstrate that P. peruviana has a complete and perfect flower, which grows as a single axillary type with 5 sepals, attached to each other and is conventionally green with a purple tinge. The corolla is sticky and yellow, with a purple tinge on the neck. The stamen comprises 5 pale yellow anthers and a purple filament. From the bud initiation to anthesis, the development takes 13 days. The anther has 2 lobes or 2 thecae (dithecous) with four microsporangia (tetrasporangiate). The anther wall consists of 4 layers in stages I-V and 2 layers in stages VI and VII. Isobilateral microspores are of the tetrad type. The ovary comprises 2 carpels, while the ovule is anatropus type and has bitegmic structure. This study detailed the reproductive characteristics of P. peruviana and provided a reference framework for subsequent studies by aligning the floral reproductive development perspective to a phenological scope.
Downloads
References
Rengifo E, Vargas-Arana G. Physalis angulata L. (Bolsa Mullaca): A review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology. Buletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas. 2013;12(5):431-45. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/856/85628390001.pdf
Singh N, Singh S, Maurya P, Arya M, Khan F, Dwivedi DH. An updated review on Physalis peruviana fruit: Cultivational, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical aspects. Indian J of Nat Prod and Resour. 2019;10(2):97-110. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338449232
Dwi YWS, Aini N, Waluyo B. Physalis peruviana L.: Growth, yield and phytochemical content- A review. Agric Rev. 2019;40(04):328-28.
Wu J, Zhao J, Zhang T, Gu Y, Khan IA, Zou Z. Naturally occurring physalins from the genus Physalis: A review. Phytochem. 2021;191:1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112925
Jagatheeswari D. Morphological studies on flowering plants (Solanaceae). 2014;15:36-43.
Wang L, He L, Li J, Zhao J, Li Z, He C. Regulatory change at Physalis organ size 1 correlates to natural variation in tomatillo reproductive organ size. Nat Commun. 2014;4271.
Dyki B, Jankiewicz LS, Staniaszek M. Anatomy and surface micromorphology of tomatillo fruit (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.). Acta Soc Bot Pol. 1997;66(1):21-27.
Chiarini FE, Gloria EB. Fruit anatomy of species of Solanum sect. Acanthophora (Solanaceae). Flora. 2009;204:146-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2008.01.010
Chiarini FE, Natalia RM, Gloria EB. Fruit anatomy of species of Solanum sect. Torva (Solanaceae). Bol Soc Argent Bot. 2010;245:235-44.
Yang J, Kang X. Microsporogenesis and flower development in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. tereticornis. Breed Sci. 2015;65(2):138-44.
Ruzin S. Plant microtechnique and microscopy. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999.
Alvarez-Buylla ER, Benítez M, Corvera-Poiré A, Chaos Cador Á, de Folter S, Gamboa de Buen A. Flower development. Arab B. 2010;8:0127. https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0127
Srivastava LM. Plant growth and development: Hormones and environment. USA: Academic Press Inc.; 2002.
Amirul-Aiman AJ, Noraini T, Nurul-Aini CAC, Ruzi AR. Petal anatomy of four Justicia (Acanthaceae) species. AIP Conf Proc. 2013;1571:368-71.
Muravnik LE, Kostina OV, Zaporozhets NL. Structure and functions of the glandular trichomes in three Arnica species (Asteraceae), depending on their location on leaves and flowers. Flora Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plants. 2022;290(152047).
Pérez-Castorena AL, Hernández IZ, Martínez M, Maldonado E. Chemical study of calyxes and roots of Physalis solanaceus. Rec Nat Prod. 2013;7(3):230-33. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286386489_Chemical_Study_of_Calyxes_and_Roots_of_Physalis_solanaceus#fullTextFileContent
Guo J. Comparative micromorphology and anatomy of crested sepals in Iris (Iridaceae) The University of Chicago Press. 2015;176(7):627-42.
Fahn A. Plant anatomy. New York: Pergamon Press; 1982.
Mishra SR. Understanding plant anatomy. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.; 2009.
Irish VF. Evolution of petal identity. J Exp Bot. 2009;60(9):2517-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp159
Costa VBS, Pimentel RMM, Chagas MGS, Alves GD, Castro CC. Petal micromorphology and its relationship to pollination. Plant Biol. 2017;19:115-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12523
Ronse L, Wanntorp L, Annals S, October N, Craene LR De, Wanntorp L. Floral development and anatomy of Salvadoraceae. Annal of Bot. 2022;104(5):913-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp170
Judkevich MD, Salas RM, Gonzalez AM. Embryology of some flowers of the Gardenieae complex (Rubiaceae). Protoplasma. 2022;259(5):1233-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-022-01734-5
Rodriguez I. Flower anatomy and morphology of Exodeconus maritimus (Solanaceae, Solaneae) and Nicandra physalodes (Solanaceae, Nicandreae). 2000;22(2):187-99. https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/a2000n2a3.pdf
Bhojwani SS, SPB. The embryology of angiosperms. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House; 1979.
Suryani T, Susanti S, Utaminingsih. Microsporogenensis of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.). AIP Conf Proceed. 2020;2260:030017-1–030017-10. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0016268
Furness CA, Rudall PJ, Sampson FB. Evolution of microsporogenesis in angiosperms. Int J Plant Sci. 2002;163(2):235-60.
Ghimire B, Heo K. Embryology of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae). Acta Biol Cracoviensia Ser Bot. 2012;54(2):69-78.
Kotia A. Biosystematics of angiospermae, plant development and reproduction. Jaipur: Rajasthan State Cooperative Press; 2017. http://assets.vmou.ac.in/MBO06.pdf
Dias GB, Gomes VM, Moraes TMS, Zottich UP, Rabelo GR, Carvalho AO. Characterization of Capsicum species using anatomical and molecular data. Genet Mol Res. 2013;12(4):6488-501. https://doi.org/10.4238/2013.february.28.29
Sato HA, Maria Gonzalez A. Floral development and anatomy of pistillate flowers of Lophophytum (Balanophoraceae), with special reference to the embryo sac inversion. Flora Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plants. 2016;219:35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2016.01.002
Wang H, Rana S, Li Z, Geng X, Wang Y, Cai Q. Morphological and anatomical changes during floral bud development of the trioecious Idesia polycarpa Maxim. Rev Bras Bot. 2022;45(2):679-88. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40415-022-00792-6#citeas
Johri BM. Embryology of angiosperms. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1984. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69302-1
Hilgenhof R, Edeline G, Sandra K, Xavier A, Eric JT, Lynn B, et al. Morphological trait evolution in Solanum (Solanaceae): Evolutionary lability of key taxonomic characters. Taxon. 2023;72(4):811-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12990
Yanming D, Xinping J, Lijian L, Chunsun G, Xiaobo S. Morphological anatomy, sporogenesis and gametogenesis in flowering process of jasmine (Jasminum sambac Aiton). Scientia Horti. 2016;198:257-66.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 30-01-2025 (2)
- 30-01-2025 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Utaminingsih , Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho, Tri Rini Nuringtyas, Maryani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
