Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of (Ammi visnaga) seeds against some types of bacteria

Ammar H. Salman; Mohammed Moslih  Shwaish

doi:10.14719/pst.4037

Authors

Ammar H. Salman Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Chemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fallujah, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2302-274X
Mohammed Moslih Shwaish Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Chemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fallujah, Al-Fallujah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3784-6264

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4037

Keywords:

Ammi visnaga, Kella, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Iraq

Abstract

Modern and traditional medicines both make use of the medicinal plant Ammi visnaga L. This species of plant belongs to the Apiaceae family and is originally from Asia, Europe, and the North African Mediterranean. A. visnaga has many medicinal properties as well as active ingredients, including flavonoids, essential oils, and furobenzopyrones (FBP). In the aim of this study, the antibacterial effect of A. visnaga seeds was tested against two bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. The seeds were extracted using 70% ethyl alcohol and the method of agar diffusion was used to test the antibacterial effect. Several concentrations of the extract were prepared (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/mL) and 3 plates were used for each concentration, each plate containing three pores. The results showed weak efficacy of seeds extract against the bacteria that was used in the study, as the zone of inhibition did not appear in concentrations below 600 mg/mL. The zones of inhibition formed at 800 and 400 mg/mL concentrations of extract were (1.8±0.4) mm and (1.83±0.11) mm, respectively, against S. aureus and (2.13±0.15) mm and (1.83±0.05) mm, respectively, against K. pneumonia. These results showed poor activity of plant seeds against the 2 types of bacteria used in this study.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

WHO (1998). Regulatory situation of herbal medicines. A worldwide review. 1-5. Geneva, Switzerland.

Fakim AG. Medicinal plants: Traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Molecular aspects of medicine, 2006, 27: 1-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.008

Hamburger M and Hostettmann K. Bioactivity in plants: the link between phytochemistry and medicine. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30: 3864-874. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83425-K

Rastogi PR and Meharotra BN. In compendium of indian medicinal plants. Vol. I, 339; a) (1993) III: 194. PID, CSIR, New Delhi, India.

Singh P and Singh CL. Chemical investigations of Clerodendraon fragrans. Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 1981, 58: 626-27.

Hosseinzadeh S, Jafarikukhdan A, Hosseini A and Armand R. The application of medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine: A review of Thymus vulgaris. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2015, 6, 635-42. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2015.69084

Clark AM. Natural products as a source for new drugs. Pharmaceutical Research, 1996, 13, 1133-141. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016091631721

WHO. Research guidelines for evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. Manila.1993.

Al-Saleh MM, Shibli RA, Al-Qadiri HM, Tahtamouni RW, Darwish MM, Al-Qudah TS. Investigating the antimicrobial potential of in-vitro grown microshoots and callus cultures of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2019 Mar 1;12(1).

Cepae BA. Selected Medicinal Plants. In World Health Organization, 1999; (3): 390.

Khalil N, Bishr M, Desouky S, Salama O. Ammi visnaga L., a potential medicinal plant: A review. Molecules. 2020;25(2):301. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020301

Moalim AA, Khalil O, Ali MM. In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Ammi visnaga against enteric microorganisms.

Al-Snafi AE. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga. A review. International Journal of Pharmacy and industrial research. 2013;3(3):257-65.

Khalfallah A, Labed A, Semra Z, Kaki BA, Kabouche A, Touzani R, Kabouche Z. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Ammi visnaga L.(Apiaceae) from Constantine, Algeria. 2011: 302-305.

Hashim S, Jan AS, Marwat KB, Khan MA. Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Ammi visnaga (Apiacae). Pak J Bot. 2014;46(3):861-7.

Vanachayangkul P, Byer K, Khan S, Butterweck V. An aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga fruits and its constituents khellin and visnagin prevent cell damage caused by oxalate in renal epithelial cells. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(8-9):653-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.011

Hossain MA, Al Touby S. Ammi majus an endemic medicinal plant: a review of the medicinal uses, pharmacological and phytochemicals. Annual toxicology. 2020 Oct;2:9-14. https://doi.org/10.36959/736/634

Kamal FZ, Stanciu GD, Lefter R, Cotea VV, Niculaua M, Ababei DC, Ciobica A, Ech-Chahad A. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga L. essential oil. Antioxidants. 2022;11(2):347. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020347

Vanachayangkul P, Chow N, Khan SR, Butterweck V. Prevention of renal crystal deposition by an extract of Ammi visnaga L. and its constituents khellin and visnagin in hyperoxaluric rats. Urol. Res. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-010-0333-y

Worcester EM and Coe FL. Clinical practice. Calcium kidney stones. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010, 363 (10), 954-63. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1001011

Bdewi SY, Kareem MH, Shwaish, MM & Hasan MS. (2020). Isolation of MRSA from drinking water Supplies in Al-Anbar Province, Iraq. Medico-legal Update, 20(1), 715.

Aourabi S, Driouch M, Ammor K, Sfaira M, Touhami ME, Mahjoubi F. Evaluation of anticorrosion and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Ammi visnaga. Analytical and Bioanalytical Electrochemistry. 2018;10(7):912-29.

Kabouche Z, Jay M. Flavonols and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga L. Records of Natural Products. 2011;5(1):52-5.

Bousta D, Boukhira S, Aafi A, Ghanmi M, El-Mansouri L. Ethnopharmacological Study of anti-diabetic medicinal plants used in the MiddleAtlas region of Morocco (Sefrou region). International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences. 2014;2(1):75-9.

Jouad H, Maghrani M, Eddouks M. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. 2002;2(4):19-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/J157v02n04_03

Bnouham M, Mekhfi H, Legssyer A, Ziyyat A. Ethnopharmacology Forum Medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Morocco. International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 2002;10:33-50.

Amin JN, Murad A, Motasem AM, Ibrahem SR, Ass’ad JM, Ayed AM. Phytochemical screening and in-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the entire Khella plant (Ammi visnaga. L.) a member of palestinian flora. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res. 2015;7:137-43.

Valgas C, Souza SM, Smânia EF, Smânia Jr A. Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products. Brazilian journal of microbiology. 2007;38:369-80. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822007000200034

Ghareeb AM, Zedan TH, Gharb LA. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ammi visnaga extracts against pathogenic microorganisms. Iraqi Journal of Science. 2011;52(1):30-6.

Semyari H, Owlia P, Farhadi S, Tabrizi SM. Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of Ammi visnaga against oral streptococci. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 2011;3(5):126-9.

Sabry A, El-Said AH, El-Zayat SA, Abdel-Motaal FF, Magraby TA. Fungal contamination of Ammi visnaga seeds, antimicrobial activity of the plant seeds secondary metabolites and detection of alkaloids and non-alkaloids compounds.