The combined allelopathic effect of wheat plant residues with doses of mineral fertilizer nitrogen (N) on yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) crops
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4097Keywords:
Allelopathic, wheat, mineral fertilizer, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cropsAbstract
This study was conducted on a farm associated with the Agricultural Extension Directorate of Residues Governorate during the 2023 agricultural season. The study aimed to determine the differential effect of wheat plant residues alone and with different fertilizer treatments on selected argemone characteristics of Sunflower (Agrico cultivars). The research included the evaluation of four different fertilizer treatments: no fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 80 kg/ha, nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 120 kg/ha, wheat residues at a rate of 1400 g/m2m2, and wheat residues at a rate of 1400 g/m2 m2 combined with nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg/ha).
The experiment used a split-plot design, with three replicates for each treatment. The following parameters were examined: Plant height (cm), Flower disc diameter (cm), Average dry weight of the disc (g), Average seed weight per disc (g), Average number of seeds per disc (seed), Average weight of 100 seeds (g), Biological yield (kg/ha), Yield from Seeds (kg/ha) and Harvest factor (%).
The results demonstrated a significant superiority of the mineral fertilization treatment (120 kg/ha) alone or with wheat residues at 1400 g/m2 concentration in most of the studied indicators over the other treatments. This was evident by the increase in the flower disk (13.21), the dry weight of the flower disk (78.06 grams), and the weight of seeds in the plant (41.45 grams). Additionally, the weight of 100 seeds was (4.947 grams), the biological yield was (27,541 kg/ha), and the seed yield was (3316 kg/ha).
Regarding the plant height characteristic, the organic fertilization treatment of 120 kg/ha alone or with wheat residues at 1400 g/m2 concentrations showed superiority. This was followed by treating wheat residues at 1400 g/m2 (173.3,168.3) cm, respectively. Furthermore, the harvest index was significantly higher in the 120 kg/fertilization treatment, either alone or with wheat residue at a rate of 1400 g/m2.
Downloads
References
Al-Badri N, Saad AM. The effect of quantities and timings of adding potassium fertilizer on growth and yield the oil quality of the sunflower crop (Helianthus annuus). Master’s thesis Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University. 2013.
Al-Rawi W, Wajih MH. The effect of nitrogen levels and plant density on field traits. The quality, yield and components of the sunflower crop (Helianthus annuus L). Message Master's degree, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. 1983.
Central Bureau of Statistics. Directorate of Agricultural Statistics in the Central Bureau of Statistics. Ministry of Planning. Watermelon and sunflower production report for the year 2020, Baghdad. 2020.
Al-Hasawi GS, Baqir K. The weeds and ways to combat it. Mosul University Press, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq. 1982
Alsaadawi IS. and AI-Temimi, AO. Use sunflower residue in combination with sub recommended dose of herbicide for weeds control in barley field. Herbologia 2011;12:83-92.
Al-Bayati AH, Ibrahim BA, Moayed HA. The effect of plant density.
The level of agricultural sulfur addition in the growth and yield of sunflower crops under dry conditions in the West Iraq. Arab Journal of Dry Environments (2009). 2 (3).
Barker AV, Bhowmik BC. Weeds control with crops residues in vegetable cropping systems.) Journal of crops Produced. 2001; 4: 163-164. https://doi.org/10.1300/J144v04n02_04.
Chou CH, Lin HJ. Autointoxication mechanism of Oryza sativa L. phytotoxic effect of decomposing rice residues in soil. Journal Chemical Ecology. 1976;. 2:353-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988282
Alsaadawi IS, Zwain KHY, Shahata HA. Allelopathic inhibition of growth of rice by wheat residues. Allelopathy Journal. 1998; 5: 163-169.
Sumathi V and Rao DS. Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen with different irrigation schedules on growth and yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 2007; 52: 77-79. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v52i1.4896
Steel RG, Torrie H. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Mc grows. Hill Book Company, Inc. New York. 1980.
Alsaadawi IS., Sarbout AK, Al-Shamma LM. Allelopathic potential of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes on weeds and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop 2011. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2011.570335
Zubillaga MM, Aristi JP, Lavado RS. Effect of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Fertilization on Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Nitrogen Uptake and Yield. J. Agronomy and Crop Science. 2002; 188:267-274. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00570.x
Alsaadawi IS and AI-Temimi AO. Use sunflower residue in combination with sub recommended dose of herbicide for weeds control in barley field. Herbologia. 2011; 12:83-92.
Fryer JD. Status of weed science- A world perspective. Weed Science. 1978; 26: 560-566. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500064559
Macias FA, Ascension T, Galindo JLG, Rosa M, Varela AJ, Molinillo JMG. Bioactive terpenoids from Sunflower leaves cv. Peredovick. Phytochemistry. 2002;61:687-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00370-9
Bogatek R, Gniazdowska A, St?pie? J, Kupid?owska E. Sunflower allelochemicals mode of action in germinating mustard seeds. The Regional Institute Ltd, Four World Congress on Allelopathy, 2005.
Holappa LD and Blum U. Effects of exogenously applied ferulic acid, a potential allelopathic compound, on leaf growth, water utilization, and endogenous abscisic acid levels of tomato, cucumber, and bean. Journal of Chemical Ecology.1991;17:865-886. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01395596
Olmsted CE, Rice EL. Relative effects of known plant inhibitors on species from first two stages of old field succession. Southwestern Naturalist. 1970;15:165-173. https://doi.org/10.2307/3670344
Weir TL, Park SW, Vivanco JM. Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2004; 7:472-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2004.05.007
Gorttappeh AH, Ghalavand A, Ahmady MR, Mirnia SK. Effects of organic, inorganic, and integrated fertilizers on quantitive and qualitative traits of different cultivars of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in western Azarbayjan, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Islamic Azad University. 2000; 6:85-104.
Ozer H. Sowing dates and nitrogen rates effects on growth, and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. Eurp J Agron. 2003; 19:453-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00136-3
Hocking PJ, Steer BT. Distribution of N during growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Ann Bot. 1983;51: 787-799. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086530
Lawlor DW. The effects of water deficit on photosynthesis. In: Environment and plant metabolisim (Smirnoff ed.) Bios Science Publishers, 1995.
Chappman SC, Edmeades GO. Selection improves drought tolerance in tropical maiza population: II. Direct and correlated response among secondary traits. Crop Sci. 2001;39:1315-1324. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3951315x
Ishfaq M. Productivity of Sunflower hybrids influenced by sulphur-nitrogen nutrition and varying plant population. Ph. D. Thesis Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 2010.
Dekhujzen HM, Verkerke DR. Effect of temperature on development and dry matter accumulation of (Vicia faba) seeds. Ann. Bot. 1986; 58:869-885. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087269
Shekhawat K, Shivay YS, Kumar D. Productivity and nutrient uptake of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as influenced by nitrogen sources, sulphur and boron levels. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2008; 78:90-94.
Gorttappeh AH, Ghalavand A, Ahmady MR, Mirnia SK. Effects of organic, inorganic, and integrated fertilizers on quantitive and qualitative traits of different cultivars of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in western Azarbayjan, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Islamic Azad University. 2000;6: 85-104
Alsaadawi IS, Al-Uqaili JK, Alrubeaa AJ, Al-Hadithy SM. Effects of gamma irradiation on allelopathic potential of Sorghum bicolor against weeds and nitrification. J Chem Ecol. 1985; 12: 1737-1745. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01012123
Alsaadawi IS, Dayan FE. Potentials and prospects of sorghum allelopathy in agroecosystems. Allelopathy J. 2009; 24:255-270.
Alsaadawi IS, Mahdi AS, Bappeer H. Interference between Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench. and some crops and weeds. First Scientific Conference of Field Crops Research. Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq, (1993).
Sene M, Dore T, Gallet C. Relationships between biomass and phenolic production in grain sorghum grown under different conditions. Agron J. 2001; 93:49-54. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.93149x
Özer H, Polat T, Öztürk E. Response of irrigated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to nitrogen fertilization: Growth, yield and yield components. AUE, Turkey. Plant, Soil, and Environment. 2004; 50 (5): 205-211.. https://doi.org/10.17221/4023-PSE
Hammoud JA. Performance of yellow corn by mutual irrigation and planting depth. Master Thesis. Department of Field Crop Sciences. Faculty of Agriculture. University of Baghdad, Republic of Iraq, 2020.
Rice EL. Allelopathy. 2ed, Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 1984.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 25-08-2024 (2)
- 18-08-2024 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ali Kareem Sarbout
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
