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Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)

Multivariate analysis and multi-trait index-based selection of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds for agromorphological and yield components

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4206
Submitted
29 June 2024
Published
22-07-2025 — Updated on 29-07-2025
Versions

Abstract

Germplasm is pivotal in breeding, significantly impacting targeted efforts through genetic diversity. Assessing genetic parameters aids researchers in precise germplasm selection for enhanced gains. Ideotype-based breeding refines this by tailoring plant types to specific goals. The Multi Trait Genotype Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) defines ideotype parameters and aids in selecting genotypes closely aligned with desired traits. A study conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during 2022-23 utilized 55 maize germplasm lines in a Randomized Block Design, evaluating nine biometrical traits. Analysis of Variance revealed significant genotype differences for all traits, with grain yield positively associated with plant height, cob length, cob diameter, kernel row number and kernels per row. The principal component analysis identified three PC with eigenvalue >1 explaining 74.44 % cumulative variance, associating the first component with yield and cob traits, the second with flowering traits and the third PC with shelling percentage and plant height. Two ideotypes based on maturity i.e. medium and late maturity were defined and MGIDI was calculated. Selection gains were positive for all the traits and the genotype B. NO 1265-6-2 (G8) was ranked as the closest to the medium maturing ideotype. Similarly, the genotype UMI 1003-2-3 (G10) was closest in resemblance to the late maturing ideotype and the selection gains were positive for all the traits except plant height. This study emphasizes the critical role of germplasm selection and ideotype-based breeding in enhancing genetic gains in maize breeding programs.

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