Biochemical, histological and molecular investigations of coriander genotypes against Fusarium wilt

M Sowmya; K Giridhar; B T Priya; T V Lakshmi; M Kalpana

doi:10.14719/pst.4211

Authors

M Sowmya Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic crops, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem 534101, India https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5637-8084
K Giridhar AICRP on spices, Horticultural Research Station, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Lam 522034, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-810X
B T Priya AICRP on spices, Horticultural Research Station, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Lam 522034, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3475-7653
T V Lakshmi Department of Plant Pathology, Horticultural Research Station, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Lam 522034, India. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3272-9300
M Kalpana Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic crops, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem 534101, India https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7359-2990

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4211

Keywords:

disease resistance, Fusarium wilt, peroxidase activity, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase

Abstract

The wilt of coriander is a serious problem and affects the plants in the initial stages causing poor growth and plants become stunted drooping of terminal shoots, followed by withering and drying of leaves. The present investigation was in vertisols under supplemental irrigated conditions. Fifty-four lines of coriander germplasm were screened for wilt under natural. The genotypes were categorized into highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible groups based on the disease reaction. The native fungal isolate of Fusarium oxysporum spp. was isolated, identified at morphological and molecular level, deposited in the NCBI gene bank with ID number OR483968 and used for challenge inoculations. The two lines from each disease reaction categories were randomly selected and taken forward to assess the resistance reaction through challenge inoculation. Biochemical studies of genotypes under uninoculated and inoculated conditions revealed that the polyphenol oxidase activity, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, protein and phenol content were higher in highly resistant category, whereas the catalase and malondialdehyde content was higher in the susceptible category. Histological studies indicated that the stem and root are affected by pathogen significantly. The stem cross section of highly susceptible genotype exhibited discoluration and shredding of pith compared with highly resistant genotype. Study of root cross-section confirmed the pathogen's alleged capacity to enter the plant's root system and colonize it via its vascular system. Whereas, the stomatal characters viz., stomatal count, stomatal length and stomatal width exhibited less variation among various categories of coriander genotypes. The morphological and molecular variation (using ISSR markers) among coriander genotypes was also studied. The resistant genotypes like LCC- 169, LCC – 200, LCC- 150, LCC- 190 and LCC- 208 were distributed across different clusters indicated that the genetic background of resistance might be different and distinct.

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