Neem (Azadirachta indica), often referred to as the "miracle tree" of India, has attracted considerable interest due to its commercial and therapeutic benefits, evolving from local utilization to global markets, especially in the United States and Australia. Currently, more than 30 neem-based pesticides are produced domestically, highlighting neem's extensive potential across various applications, including neem oil and azadirachtin for pest control. This tree is vital to India's ecosystem, particularly in regions such as Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, where it yields an average of 35 kg of fruit per tree annually. The seeds of the neem tree are economically significant for their oil and medicinal attributes, yielding essential components like azadirachtin and neem cake. This research investigates sustainable practices for neem seed collection, highlighting the importance of appropriate timing, harvesting techniques and training for rural communities to promote ecological sustainability and economic viability. Implementing sustainable methods not only protects the health of neem trees but also establishes reliable income streams for rural residents. The study gathered primary data through interviews with 160 individuals in a designated district of Tamil Nadu, India. Factor analysis was utilized to identify the socio-economic and market factors that affect neem seed collection.
