Development of successive cambia and structure of the secondary xylem in some members of the family Amaranthaceae

Authors

  • Ravindra A. Shelke Kisan Arts, Commerce and Science College, Parola 425111, Maharashtra, India
  • Dhara G Ramoliya Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda,Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
  • Amit D Gondaliya Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda,Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
  • Kishore S. Rajput Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda,Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.1.423

Keywords:

Nucleated fibers, rayless xylem, successive cambia

Abstract

Young stems of Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult., A. lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult, A. monsonia Mart., A. sanguinolenta (L.) Blume, Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson, A. philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Gomphrena celosioides Mart., G. globosa L. and Telanthera ficoidea (L.) Moq., showed the renewal of small sectors of cambium by replacing with new segments. Therefore, the secondary phloem formed by earlier cambial segments form isolated islands of phloem enclosed within conjunctive tissues became embedded in the secondary xylem. As the stem grows older, complete ring of cambium is renewed; sometimes an anastomosing network of successive cambia may be seen due to the renewal of larger segments of the cambium. Renewal of the cambium takes place by repeated periclinal division in the parenchyma cells positioned outside to the phloem formed by the previous cambium. Functionally the cambium is bidirectional and exclusively composed of fusiform cambial cells. Differentiation of conducting elements of the secondary xylem and phloem remains restricted to the certain cambial cells while rest of the segments exclusively produce conjunctive cells. Accumulation of starch along with the presence of nuclei in the xylem fibers even after deposition of the secondary wall is consistent in all the species and it seems to be associated with the absence of rays in the secondary xylem and phloem of nine species from four genera. The significance of successive cambia, rayless xylem and nucleated xylem fibers were correlated with plant habit.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. De Bary A. Comparative anatomy of the vegetative organs of the phanerogams and ferns (translated by Bower FO and Scott DH). The Clerondon Press, Oxford. 1884; p 693.

2. Wilson CL. Medullary bundles in relation to the primary vascular system in Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae. Bot Gaz. 1924; 78:175–99.

3. 3. Schinz H. Amaranthaceae. In: Engler A, Prantle K. (Eds) Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Vol 1a. Engelmann, Leipzig. 1925; pp 91-118.

4. Balfour ENA. Anomalous secondary thickening in Chenopodiaceae, Nyctaginaceae and Amaranthaceae. Phytomorph. 1965; 15:111–22.

5. Stevenson DW, Popham RA. Ontogeny of the primary thickening meristem in seedlings of Bougainvillea spectabilis. Amer J Bot. 1973; 60: 1-9.

6. DeMason DA. The primary thickening meristem: definition and function in monocotyledons. Amer J Bot. 1983; 70:955–962.

7. Rajput KS. Stem anatomy of Amaranthaceae: Rayless nature of xylem. Flora 2002; 197: 224–32. https://doi.org/10.1078/0367-2530-00033

8. Carlquist S. Wood and stem anatomy of woody Amaranthaceae s.s.: ecology, systematics and the problem of defining rays in dicotyledons. Bot J Lin Soc. 2003;143:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00197.x

9. Carlquist S. Successive cambia in Aizoaceae: products and process. Bot J Lin Soc. 2007a; 154:141–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00593.x

10. Carlquist S. Successive cambia revisited: ontogeny, histology, diversity and functional significance. J Torr Bot Soc. 2007b; 134:301–32.

11. Yarrow GL, Popham RA. The ontogeny of primary thickening meristem of Atriplex hortensis L. (Chenopodiaceae). Amer J Bot. 1981; 86:1042–1049.

12. Mao TL. Etude comparative des caracteres anatomiques et du parcous des faisceaux libero-ligneux des Chenopodiacees et des Amarantaceae. Ph.D. Thesis, Paris. 1933.

13. Menezes NL, Silva DC, Arruda RCO, Melo de Pinna GF, Cardoso VA, Castro NM, Scatena VL, Scremindias E. Meristematic activity of the endodermis and the pericycle in the primary thickening in monocotyledons. Considerations on the ‘‘PTM’’. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias. 2005; 77:259–274. https://doi.org/S0001-37652005000200006

14. Carlquist S. Wood and stem anatomy of Stegnosperma (Caryophyllales); phylogenetic relationships; nature of lateral meristems and successive cambial activity. IAWA Journal. 1999; 20(2):149–63.

15. Carlquist S. Comparative Wood Anatomy, Systematic Ecological and Evolutionary Aspect of Dicotyledonous Wood. New York: Springer-Verlag. 2001; p.204.

16. Carlquist S. Lateral meristem, successive cambia and their products: a reinterpretation based on roots and stems of Nyctaginaceae. Bot J Linn Soc. 2004; 146:129–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00324.x

17. Timonin AK. Anomalous secondary thickening of the axial organs of the centrospermae (Based on the examples of Amaranthaceae Juss.). 1. The concept of thickening pattern in some species. Byull Mosk Obshch Ispyt Prir Otdel Biol. 1987; 92:63–81.

18. Rajput KS, Rao KS. Structural and development studies on cambial variant in Pupalia lappacea (L). Juss. (Amaranthaceae). Ann Bot Fennici. 1999a; 36:137–41.

19. Rajput KS, Rao KS. Secondary growth in the stem of some species Alternanthera and Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae). IAWA J. 2000; 21:417–24. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000257

20. Heklau H, Gasson P, Schweingruber F, Baas P. Wood anatomy of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s.l.). IAWA J. 2012; 33:205–232. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000090

21. Berlyn GP, Miksche JP. Microtechnique and Cytochemistry. Iowa St Univ Press Ames Iowa. 1976; p.326.

22. Srebotnik E, Messener K. A simple method that uses differential staining and light microscopy to assess the selectivity of wood delignification by white rot fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994; 60:1383-86.

23. Philipson WR, Ward JM. The ontogeny of vascular cambium in the stem of seed plants. Biol Rev. 1965; 40:534–79.

24. Baird WV, Blackwell WH. Secondary growth in the axis of Halogeton glomeratus (Beib) Meyer (Chenopodiaceae). Bot Gaz. 1980; 141:269-76.

25. Fahn A, Zimmermann MH. Development of successive cambia in Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae). Bot Gaz. 1982; 143:353-57.

26. Rajput KS. Structure of cambium and its derivatives in the compressed stem of Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC (Fabaceae). Phyton Horn. 2003; 43:135-46.

27. Rajput KS, Marcati CR. Stem anatomy and development of successive cambia in Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.) Pedersen: a neotropical climbing species of the Amaranthaceae. Plant Syst Evol. 2013; 299:1449–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0807-9

28. Zhang H Hu Z. Anomalous secondary thickening in the roots of medicinal species of Cyathula officinalis Kaun. J. Wuhan Bot Res. 1989; 7:21–26.

29. Rajput KS, Rao KS. Nucleated xylem fibres in some Indian herbaceous species. Israel J Plt Sci. 1999b; 40:265-268.

30. Rao KS, Rajput KS. Rayless secondary xylem of Trianthema monogyna (Aizoaceae). Phyton Horn. 1998; 37:161–66.

31. Carlquist S. Comparative wood anatomy, systematic ecological and evolutionary aspect of dicotyledonous wood. Spr Verlag Heidelberg Berlin New York. 1988; p.384.

32. Rajput KS. Secondary growth of the stem of Celosia argentea L. and Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume (Amaranthaceae). Phyton Horn 2001; 41:169–177.

33. Gibson AC. Rayless secondary xylem of Halophytum. Bull Torrey Bot Club. 1978; 105:39–44.

34. Fahn A, Leshem B. Wood fibres with living protoplasts. New Phytol. 1963; 62:91-98.

35. Rajput KS, Rao KS. Nucleated xylem fibres in some members of Combretaceae. IAWA J. 1999a; 20:79-83.

Downloads

Published

15-01-2019

How to Cite

1.
Shelke RA, Ramoliya DG, Gondaliya AD, Rajput KS. Development of successive cambia and structure of the secondary xylem in some members of the family Amaranthaceae. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2019 Jan. 15 [cited 2024 Nov. 25];6(1):31-9. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/423

Issue

Section

Research Articles