Isolation and characterization of arbuscular mycorrhiza from a newly developed L J farm at village Dumana, Viramgam, Gujarat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4652Keywords:
arbuscular mycorrhiza, glomeromycota, hyphal attachment, mycorrhiza, spore density, spore wall layerAbstract
Mycorrhiza in general and arbuscular mycorrhiza in particular are the most important terrestrial fungi that evolved with the evolution of land and plants and became a part and parcel of the plant's growth and development. It is so important for plant nutrition that its density and diversity were studied worldwide in different habitats, niches and climates. In the present study, a spore density of 1.6 to 4.04 per g of soil was observed in a semi-arid region; agroclimatic zone V of Gujarat at Dumana L J Farm, Viramgam. Nine different species of endomycorrhizae were characterized; however, species of Glomus and Acaulospora were dominant taxa. Because there is little taxonomic diversity in such a large group of mycorrhizal fungi, it is crucial to analyze local populations that have adapted to different environments. Depending on the climate, each species may have a significant amount of genetic variation. The result shows the spore density in a developing plantation field, which was earlier mainly used for the cultivation of a local variety of cotton. Since there is no such report on the density and diversity of endomycorrhiza from this region, this primary study will serve as a baseline for the comparison of the spore density of future studies of the region/field in different plants and seasons.
Downloads
References
Sahay NS, Sudha, Singh A, Varma A. Trends in endomycorrhizal research. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 1998;36:p.1069-86.
Frank AB. Über die auf Wurzel symbios eber uhende Ernährunggewisser Bäumedur chunterirdische Pilze. [On the nourishing, via root symbiosis, of certain trees by underground fungi]. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft (in German). 1885;3:p.128-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1885.tb04240.x
Gerdemann JW, Trappe JM. The endogonaceae of the Pacific Northwest. Mycologia Memoir. 1974;5:p. 1-76.
Walker C, Sanders FE. Taxonomic concepts in the Endogonaceae: III, The separation of Scutellospora gen, nov, from Gigaspora Gerd and Trappe. Mycotaxon. 1986; 27:p. 169-82.
Morton JB, Benny GL. Revised classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zygomycetes): A new order, Glomales, two new suborders, Glomineae and Gigasporineae, and two families, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae with an emendation Glomaceae. Mycotaxon. 1990;37:p.471- 91.
Schenck NC, Perez Y. Manual for the identification of VA mycorrhizal fungi (Vol. 286). Synergistic Publications, Gainesville, F L; 1990.
Oehl F, Sieverding E, Palenzuela J, Ineichen K, Da Silva AG. Advances in Glomeromycota taxonomy and classification. IMA Fungus. 2011;2:p.191-99. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.02.10
Blaszkowski J, Niezgoda P, Meller E, Milczarski P, Zubek S, Malicka M, et al. New taxa in Glomeromycota: Polonosporaceae fam. nov., Polonospora gen. nov. and P. polonica comb. nov. Mycol Progress. 2021;20:p. 941-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01726-4
Douds Jr DD, Millner PD. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 1999;74:p.77-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-50019-9.50008-X
Douds DD, Schenck NC. Relationship of colonization and sporulation by VA mycorrhizal fungi to plant nutrient and carbohydrate contents. New Phytol. 1990;116:p.621-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00547.x
Morton JB. Taxonomic and phylogenetic divergence among five Scutellospora species based on comparative developmental sequences. Mycologia. 1995;87:p.127-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1995.12026511
Walker C. Taxonomic concepts in the Endogonaceae. II. A fifth morphological wall type in endogonaceous spores. Mycotaxon. 1986;25:p. 95-99.
Robin-Soriano A, Maurice K, Boivin S, Bourceret A, Laurent-Webb L, Youssef S, et al. Absence of Gigasporales and rarity of spores in a hot desert revealed by a multimethod approach. Mycorrhiza. 2024;34:p. 251-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-024-01160-w
Gerdemann JW, Nicolson TH. Spores of mycorrhizal endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. T Brit Mycol Soc. 1963;46:p. 235-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(63)80079-0
Boyno G, Demir S, Rezaee Danesh Y, Durak ED, Çevik R, Farda B, et al. A new technique for the extraction of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungal spores from rhizosphere. J Fungi (Basel). 2023;9(8): p.845. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080845
Ianson DC, Allen MF. The effects of soil texture on extraction of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores from arid sites. Mycologia. 1986;78(2):p. 164-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1986.12025227
Walker C, Mize CW, HSM Jr. Populations of endogonaceous fungi at two locations in central Iowa. Can J Bot. 1982;60: p. 2518-29. https://doi.org/10.1139/b82-305
Richard JM, Gavin CKW Koh, Kamolrat S. Short report: Taking photographs with a Microscope. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;79(3): p. 471-72. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.471
Hall IR. Taxonomy of VA mycorrhizal fungi. Powell CL, Bagyaraj DG (Editors) VA Mycorrhiza. CRC Press, Florida, USA; 1984.
https://invam.ku.edu/species-descriptions
https://www.mycorrhiza.be/ginco-bel/catalogue.php
http://www.kent.ac.uk/bio/beg/
Dalal DJ, Solanki H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Diversity and its impact with abiotic factors in Phoenix dactylifera L. of Kachchh region, Gujarat, India. Int J Sci Res Sci and Technol. 2021;8(2):p. 125-35. https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST218222
Arya A, Buch H, Mane V. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores present in the rhizospheric soil of four different grasses in Gujarat, India. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B Biol Sci. 2013;83:p. 265-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-012-0116-z
Deepika, Khurana AL, Dudeja SS. Role of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in sustainable agriculture. In: Behl RK, Khurana AL, Dogra RC, editors. Plant Microbe Interaction in Sustainable Agriculture. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and Max Muller Bhavan, New Delhi; 1996.
Bagyaraj DJ. Ecology of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza. In: Arora DK, Raj B, Mukerjee KG, Knudsen GR, editors. Handbook of Applied Mycology, Vol 1, Marcel Dekker, New York; 1991.
Bhardwajs S, Dudeja S, Khurana A. Distribution of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the natural ecosystem. Folia Microbiol. 1997;42(6):p. 589-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02815471
Bansal M, Kukreja K, Dudeja SS. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, prevalent in rhizosphere of different crops grown in the university farm. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2012;6(21):p.4557-66. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.222
Morton JB. Problems and solutions for the integration of glomalin taxonomy, systematic biology and the study of endomycorrhizal phenomena. Mycorrhiza. 1993;2:p. 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203855
Mehrotra VS. Problems associated with morphological taxonomy of AM fungi. Mycorrhiza News. 1997;9:p.1-10.
Dodd JC, Rosendahl S, Giovannetti M, Broome A, Lanfranco L, Walker C. Inter and intraspecific variation within the morphologically similar arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus coronatum. New Phytol. 1996;133:p. 113-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04347.x
Sanders IR, Clapp JP, Wiemken A. The genetic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural ecosystems: A key to understanding the ecology and functioning of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytol. 1996;133:p. 123-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04348.x
Schüßler A, Walker C. The Glomeromycota: A species list with new families and new genera, published in libraries at The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, The Royal Botanic Garden Kew, 2010. Botanische Staatssammlung Munich and Oregon State University; electronic version freely available online at www.amf-phylogeny.com
Öpik M, Zobel M, Cantero JJ, Davison J, Facelli JM, Hiiesalu I, et al. Global sampling of plant roots expands the described molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza. 2013;23:p. 411-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0482-2
Oehl F, Tchabi A, Silva GA, Sánchez-Castro I, Palenzuela J, Do Monte JI, et al. Acaulospora spinosissima, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from the Southern Guinea Savanna in Benin. Sydowia. 2014;66:p. 29-42.
Jha SS, Songachan LS. Research on diversity and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species in India: A review. Plant Arch. 2020;20(2):p. 4201-26.
Allen MF, Swenson W, Querejeta JI, Egerton WLM, Treseder KK. Ecology of mycorrhizae: A conceptual framework for complex interactions among plants and fungi. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2003;41:p. 271-03. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095518
Lee EH, Eo JK, Ka KH, Eom AH. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their roles in ecosystems. Mycobiology. 2013;41(3):p. 121-25. http://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2013.41.3.121
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 28-01-2025 (2)
- 24-01-2025 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 M I Sherashiya, N S Sahay
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
