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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 12 No. Sp2 (2025): Current Trends in Plant Science and Microbiome for Sustainability

Induction of fungal disease resistance in rice mediated by bacterial endophytes

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4681
Submitted
16 August 2024
Published
25-06-2025

Abstract

Rice crops are being affected by destructive pathogens that cause disease. The climatic variations make the plants more vulnerable to different biotic stresses. Severe limitations are experienced in rice-growing regions due to fungal diseases such as blast and sheath blight. Synthetic chemicals are used extensively to treat plant diseases, which are more harmful to animals, plants and humans. Endophytes are adaptable, beneficial microorganisms that offer environmentally friendly solutions for disease control by symbiotic or mutual associations and live within and between plant cells, helping to increase nutrient availability in plants. The endophytes improve plant growth by production of plant hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, auxin and gibberellic acid. This also induces systemic resistance by activating the ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid cycle to increasing peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) during abnormal physiological processes which happens during pathogen infestation. It also produces secondary metabolic substances such as iturin, surfactin, zwittermycin A, 2,4 diacetyl phloroglucinol, etc., that have antibacterial and antifungal properties, which help to manage plant diseases. Utilizing bacterial endophytes as bio inputs on a large scale aids in the eco-friendly management of plant diseases, thus increasing productivity. This review paper highlights bacterial endophytes' role in managing rice's emerging fungal diseases by induction of systemic resistance, plant growth promotion, siderophore production, antibiosis, biostimulant and nutrient solubilization activities.

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