Effect of organic amendments on soil salinity and the growth of maize (Zea mays L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.491Keywords:
EC, maize, organic amendments, river water irrigation, soil salinityAbstract
Soil salinity is a major concern in southwestern part of Bangladesh because almost 30% cultivable lands are currently lying under risk of salinity where 30-50% yields loss is happening. Organic amendments have found to be effective in the amelioration of saline soil by improving soil physical and chemical properties as well as crop selection is another criteria for sustaining viability of crops in saline soil. For ensuring sustainable saline soil management, a comparative pot study was carried out during kharif 1 season in 2015 to observe the effect of organic amendments (solid waste, vermicompost and cow dung) on soil salinity and its influence on the growth of maize. Composite soil was collected at a depth of 0-15 cm from Gozalmari village of Jalma Union in Batiaghata Upazila under Khulna district, Bangladesh that was saline (10.6 dS/m) in nature and the irrigation water sample was collected from beside Kazibacha river (4.28 dS/m) that was also moderately saline. The maize cultivar “Shuvra” was used for cultivation in the study. The experiment comprised of four treatments viz. T0: Control (No organic manure); T1: Solid waste (36g); T2: Vemicompost (72g); T3: Cow dung (33g). Five seeds were sown in each pot. Seeds were treated with Agrosan GN to protect them from seed and soil borne pathogens. Chemical fertilizers were not used in the experiment. Irrigation was done two times before harvesting: at 20 days after sowing (DAS) and at 40 DAS with river water and rain water was irrigated naturally during the season. Findings were that the organic amendments significantly influence the physico-chemical properties of the saline soil. All organic treated soils significantly reduce the soil EC (from 10.6 dS/m to 3.4 dS/m) and pH (from 7.63 to 7.38) compared to control soil (p?0.05). In case of survival parameters (e.g %gemination, rate of survival at 50 DAS) of maize, the treatments were found insignificant (p?0.05). But in terms of growth parameter (plant height and root length), significant differences were found between control and organic amendments treated soil (p?0.05). It may be concluded that organic amendments treated soils showed better results than that of control soil. If proper management can be implemented, this positive results will bring hope to the local poor farmers at least can introduce a new crop in fallow agricultural land during the kharif 1 season.
Downloads
References
2. SRDI (Soil Resources Development Institute), Saline soils of Bangladesh. SRMAF Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2010; pp: 1–60.
3. Karim Z, Hussain SG, Ahmed M. Salinity Problems and Crop Intensification in the Coastal Regions of Bangladesh. Soils Publication No. 33, Soils and Irrigation Division, BARC, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1990; pp. 1–20.
4. Mondal MK. Management of soil and water resources for higher productivity of the coastal saline rice lands of Bangladesh. [PhD thesis]. University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines, 1997.
5. Gupta SK, Gupta IC. Management of Saline Soils and Waters. Oxford and IBH Publication, New Delhi, 1987.
6. Raafat NZ, Tharwat EER. Improving wheat grain yield and its quality under salinity conditions at a newly reclaimed soil using different organic sources as soil or foliar applications. J Appl Sci Res. 2011; 7: 42-55.
7. Leithy S, Gaballah MS, Gomaa AM. Associative impact of bio- and organic fertilizers on geranium plants grown under saline conditions. Electronic J Environ Agril Food Chem. 2010; 9: 617-26.
8. Mansour MMF, Salama KHA, Ali FZM, Abou Hadid AF. Cell and plant responses to NaCl in Zea mays cultivars differing in salt tolerance. General Applied Plant Physiology 2005; 31: 29–41.
9. Uddin MJ, Islam MM, Nahar MNA. Basic Agriculture. College gate bonding and printing Mohammadpur Dhaka. 2009; pp. 20-23.
10. SPSS 16.0 for window. SPSS Inc., Chicago. 2004.
11. Abou El-Magd MM, Zaki MF, Abou-Hussein SD. 2008. Effect of organic manure and different levels of saline irrigation water on growth, green yield and chemical content of sweet fennel. Aus J Basic Appl Sc. 2008; 2:90-95.
12. Liang Y, Nikolic M, Peng Y, Chen W and Jiang Y. Organic manure stimulates biological activity and barley growth in soil subject to secondary salinization. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2005; 37: 1185-1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.11.017.
13. Prapagar K, Indraratne SP, Premanandharajah P. Effect of Soil Amendments on Reclamation of Saline Sodic Soil. Tropical Agricultural Research 2012; 23(2): 168–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v23i2.4648
14. Mostafa AZ, Amato M, Galal MYG, Hamdi A, Lotfy SM. Effects Of Irrigation With Saline Water and Soil Type on Germination and Seedling Growth Of Sweet Maize (Zea mays L.). Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications 2012; 45(2): 537-47.
15. Ozdemir S. Effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost on nodulation, plant growth and mineral composition of chickpea in marginal land. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 2005; 14(7): 599-604.
16. Ibrahim Z, Azaizeh H, Neumann PM, Does Salinity Reduce Growth in Maize Root Epidermal Cells by Inhibiting Their Capacity for Cell Wall Acidification? Plant Physiol. 1990; 93: 7-11. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4272773 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.93.1.7
17. Banaras H, Niazi, Rozema J, Badr-uz-Zaman, Salim M. Improvement of Saline Soil Productivity through Farm Yard Manure, Amendment and Coated Seeds for Fodderbeet Cultivation. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2002; 1(2): 82-4. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2002.82.84.
18. Edwards CA, Dominguez J, Arancon NQ. The influence of vermicomposts on plant growth and pest incidence. Soil Animals and Sustainable Development. 2004; pp. 397–420. PMid:15191250.
19. Atiyeh RM, Dominguez J, Subler S, Edwards CA. Biochemical changes in cow manure processed by earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and their effects on plant-growth. Pedobiologia 2000; 44: 709-24. https://doi.org/10.1078/S0031-4056(04)70084-0.
20. Abubakar,Z. A.andAli,A. D. Screening effect of organic manure on the vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays L.). J. Biosci. Agric. Res. 2018; 16(02): 1356-64. https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.160218.168
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).