Sun protection factor value of Rosa centifolia and Rosa alba from Merapi mountain Indonesian National Park and its potency as sunscreen

S S Widhiastuti; N To'bungan

doi:10.14719/pst.4916

Authors

S S Widhiastuti Faculty of Biotechnology, Universitas Atma Jaya, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7528-4324
N To'bungan Faculty of Biotechnology, Universitas Atma Jaya, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-7244

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4916

Keywords:

Rosa alba, Rosa centifolia, rose, SPF, sunblock

Abstract

The potential wild Rosa centifolia L. and Rosa alba extracts in the Sapuangin region of Merapi Mountain National Park have not been explored. This study investigated the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and potential of extracts from R. centifolia and R. alba as sunscreen. R. centifolia and R. alba simplicia were extracted with methanol and ethanol to obtain four rose extract types. Phytochemical content was investigated using qualitative assay. Spectrophotometry was used to determine total flavonoid (TFC) and phenolic content (TPC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Potential extracts as sunscreen were evaluated with Sun Protection Factor (SPF) assay. The qualitative phytochemical assay showed both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of R. centifolia contained saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and triterpenoid. Alkaloids were only contained in the methanolic extracts of R. centifolia. Ethanolic and methanolic extract of R. alba contained saponin and flavonoid. Alkaloid was present in the ethanolic extract of R. alba, while tannin is only in the methanolic extract of R. alba. The highest TFC was shown by methanolic extract of R. alba (68.132 ± 0.484 mg /QE/g). Methanolic extract of R. centifolia showed the highest TPC (253.090±2.530 mg GAE/g). Methanolic extract of R. centifolia exhibited IC50 values of DPPH scavenging 22,622 µg/mL and was categorized as a strong antioxidant activity. Likewise, the SPF value is the highest among the other extracts, namely 32.602 ± 0.430 at a concentration of 500 ppm. R. centifolia and R. alba ethanolic and methanolic extracts have the potential to be sued as candidates for antioxidant and sunscreen sources.

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