Conservation of Garcinia imberti Bourd. through seeds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.518Keywords:
Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, Desiccation, Dormancy, Endangered, Seed storage practisesAbstract
Garcinia imberti seeds were collected during 2015-2017 from Shangili, Cheenikkala and Bonaccord evergreen forests of Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, the only abode of this endangered endemic species. Germinability of seeds were analysed through decoating, Gibberellic acid (GA3) and light inductive pre-treatments on fresh (62.8 % moisture content; MC) and desiccated (fast; 23.3% MC and slow; 30.5 % MC) seeds. The seed germination with impermeable coat (0.7-1.2 mm) was restricted which on decoating got enhanced. Application of GA3 along with exposure to light breaked dormancy within 4-6 days compared to non-treated seeds that took 238-254 days to germinate. Stored seeds behaviour revealed that seed moisture content and rate of germination were negatively correlated. Seed storage was found to be more efficient only up to 80 days at controlled seed banking conditions (20 ± 20C, 20 % relative humidity; RH). Both fast and slow desiccated seeds stored for 60 days in seed bank conditions exhibited 50.4 and 43.4 % of germination compared 39.4% germination of non-desiccated seeds. Hence fast desiccated and decoated G. imberti seeds pre-treated with GA3 on subsequent exposure to light alleviated dormancy. For seed banking, fast desiccated seeds with MC in between 40-20% are found to be promising.
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References
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25. Miranda RMD, Dias DCFDS, Picoli EAD, Silva PPD, Nascimento WM. Physiological quality, anatomy and histochemistry during the development of carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.). Ciência e Agrotecnologia 2017;41:169-180. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017412009216
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31. Bedi S, Basra AS. Chilling injury in germinating seeds: Basic mechanisms and agricultural implications. Seed Science Research 1993;3:219–229. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500001847
32. Chitra CR. Seed Biology of Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. Thesis submitted to the University of Kerala. 2018 (unpublished).
33. Yang J, Kuo S, Lee C. Germination and Storage Behavior of seeds of Garcinia subelliptica (Guttiferae), Drypetes littoralis (Euphorbiaceae), and Premna serratifolia (Verbenaceae). Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 2010;25 (4):339-352.
34. Pritchard HW. Water potential and embryonic axis viability in recalcitrant seeds of Quercus rubra. Annals of Botany 1991;67:43-49. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088098
35. Wesley - Smith J, Pammenter NW, Berjak P, Walters C. The effects of two drying rates on the desiccation tolerance of embryonic axes of recalcitrant jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) seeds. Annals of Botany 2001;88:653-664. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1519
36. Goncalves MLF, Faria JMR, Jose AC, Tonetti OAO, Marques ER. Desiccation tolerance and antioxidant enzymatic activity in Citrus reshni seeds exposed to various drying rates. Seed Science and Technology 2017;45:411-427. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2017.45.2.08
37. Daskalakou EN, Thanos CA, Georghiou K. Seed biology, reproductive phenology and conservation of Cedrus brevifolia, a threatened endemic tree of Cyprus. Seed Science and Technology 2015;43(3):378-389. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2015.43.3.05
38. Drew PJ, Pammenter NW, Berjak P. ‘Sub-imbibed’ storage is not an option for extending longevity of recalcitrant seeds of the tropical species, Trichilia dregeana Sond. Seed Science Research 2000;10:355-363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500000398
39. Pammenter NW, Berjak P. Physiology of desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds and the implications for cryopreservation. International Journal of Plant Sciences 2014;175(1):21–28. https://doi.org/10.1086/673302
2. Arora R, Bhojwani SS. In vitro propagation and low temperature storage of Saussurea lappa C. B. Clarke – an endangered medicinal plant. Plant Cell Report 1989; 8: 44–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00735776
3. Deno, N. Seed Germination Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. (self-published) State College, PA 1993.
4. Taiz L, Zeiger E. Plant Physiology, Chapter 23. Abscisic Acid: A Seed Maturation and Antistress Signal, 3rd ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA, 2002; pp. 538-558.
5. Soyler D, Khawar KM. Seed germination of Caper (Capparis ovata var. herbacea) using ? naphthalene acetic acid and gibberillic acid. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2007; 9(1):35-37.
6. Pons TL. Seed responses to light. In Fenner M (ed). Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. 2nd ed. Wallingford, UK:CABI Publishing. 2000; 237-260. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994321.0237
7. World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Garcinia imberti. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T31166A9604991.en Downloaded on 01 March 2019.
8. Anto M, Anilkumar C. Impact of fast and slow desiccation on Garcinia imberti seed and seedling vigour. Plant Science Today 2018; 5(3):95-105 https://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.3.398
9. Anilkumar C, Prajith TM, Jothish PS, Ashraf A. Seed germination behaviour of Garcinia imberti Bourd. Indian Forester 2016;142:196-899.
10. Ekta K, Singh JS. Ecology of tree seed and seedlings: implications for tropical forest conservation and restoration. Current Science 2001;80:748-757.
11. Hong TD, Linington S, Ellis RH. Seed Storage Behaviour: A Compendium. Handbooks for Genebanks, No. 4. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome. 1996.
12. Linington, SH, Pritchard HW. Gene Banks. In Levin SA. (ed) Encyclopedia of biodiversity (3). San Diego, Academic Press. 2001;165–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00135-8
13. Umarani R, Aadhavan EK, Faisal MM. Understanding poor storage potential of recalcitrant seeds. Current Science 2015;108 (11):2023-2034.
14. Ellis RH, Roberts EH. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology 1981;9:373–409.
15. Czabator FJ. Germination value: an index combining speed and completeness of pine seed germination. Forest Science 1962;8:386– 395.
16. Bradbeer JW. Seed dormancy and germination. Springer Science and Business Media 2013; p:146.
17. Nonogaki H. Seed dormancy and germination emerging mechanisms and new hypotheses. Frontiers in plant science 2014;5:1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00233
18. Baskin CC, Baskin JM. Seeds. Ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego: Academic Press. 1998. pp 666.
19. Kouakou KL, Kouakou, C, Koffi KK, Dao J, Beugre MM, Baudoin J, Zoro Bi IA. Effect of mechanical scarification and gibberellins (GA3) on seed germination and growth of Garcinia kola (Heckel). Journal of Applied Biosciences 2016;103:9811-9818.
20. Eyog-matig O, Aoudji AKN, Linsoussi C. Garcinia kola Heckel seeds dormancy-breaking. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2007;5(1):63-71. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0501_063071
21. Liu Y, qiu Y, Zhang L, Chen J. Dormancy Breaking and Storage Behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. (Guttiferae) Seeds: Implications for Ecological Function and Germplasm Conservation. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005;47(1):38?49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00010.x
22. Yong LIU, Yu-Ping QIU, Ling ZHANG, Jin CHEN. Dormancy breaking and storage behavior of Garcinia cowa (Guttiferae) Seeds: implications for ecological function and germplasm conservation. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005;47(1):38?49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00010.x
23. Kouakou LK, Zoro Bi IA, Yao KA, Tanoh HK, Baudoin JP. Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze. Scientia Horticulturae 2009;120:257-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.10.011
24. Kandari LS, Rao KS, Payal KC, Maikhuri RK, Chandra A, Vanstaden JV. Conservation of aromatic medicinal plant Rheum emodi Wall ex Messi. through improved seed germination. Seed Science and Technology 2012;40:95-101. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2012.40.1.10
25. Miranda RMD, Dias DCFDS, Picoli EAD, Silva PPD, Nascimento WM. Physiological quality, anatomy and histochemistry during the development of carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.). Ciência e Agrotecnologia 2017;41:169-180. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017412009216
26. Widrlechner MP, Kovach D A. Dormancy-breaking protocols for Cuphea seed. Seed Science and Technology 2000;28:1-27.
27. Patil SS, Krishna A. Influence of seed moisture content on seed germination and quality in canes. Journal of Plant Science and Research 2016;3(2):156.
28. King MW, Roberts EH. Maintenance of recalcitrant seeds in storage. Pp. 53-89 in Recalcitrant Crop Seeds. (HF. Chin and EH. Roberts, eds.). Tropical Press, Kuala Lumpur. 1980.
29. Bonner FT. Storage of Seeds. Woody Plant Seed Manual. 2008. pp 85-96.
30. Govender M, Dye, PJ, Weiersbye IM, Witkowski ETF, Ahmed F. Review of commonly used remote sensing and ground-based technologies to measure plant water stress. Water SA. 2009;35(5):741-752. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v35i5.49201
31. Bedi S, Basra AS. Chilling injury in germinating seeds: Basic mechanisms and agricultural implications. Seed Science Research 1993;3:219–229. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500001847
32. Chitra CR. Seed Biology of Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. Thesis submitted to the University of Kerala. 2018 (unpublished).
33. Yang J, Kuo S, Lee C. Germination and Storage Behavior of seeds of Garcinia subelliptica (Guttiferae), Drypetes littoralis (Euphorbiaceae), and Premna serratifolia (Verbenaceae). Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 2010;25 (4):339-352.
34. Pritchard HW. Water potential and embryonic axis viability in recalcitrant seeds of Quercus rubra. Annals of Botany 1991;67:43-49. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088098
35. Wesley - Smith J, Pammenter NW, Berjak P, Walters C. The effects of two drying rates on the desiccation tolerance of embryonic axes of recalcitrant jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) seeds. Annals of Botany 2001;88:653-664. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1519
36. Goncalves MLF, Faria JMR, Jose AC, Tonetti OAO, Marques ER. Desiccation tolerance and antioxidant enzymatic activity in Citrus reshni seeds exposed to various drying rates. Seed Science and Technology 2017;45:411-427. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2017.45.2.08
37. Daskalakou EN, Thanos CA, Georghiou K. Seed biology, reproductive phenology and conservation of Cedrus brevifolia, a threatened endemic tree of Cyprus. Seed Science and Technology 2015;43(3):378-389. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2015.43.3.05
38. Drew PJ, Pammenter NW, Berjak P. ‘Sub-imbibed’ storage is not an option for extending longevity of recalcitrant seeds of the tropical species, Trichilia dregeana Sond. Seed Science Research 2000;10:355-363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500000398
39. Pammenter NW, Berjak P. Physiology of desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds and the implications for cryopreservation. International Journal of Plant Sciences 2014;175(1):21–28. https://doi.org/10.1086/673302
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31-05-2019
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Anto M, Angala M, Jothish PS, Anilkumar C. Conservation of Garcinia imberti Bourd. through seeds. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2019 May 31 [cited 2024 May 10];6(2):243-51. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/518
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