Energy use, emission rate and economic growth linkages among Asian superpowers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5699Keywords:
Asia, economic growth, energy use, GHG emission, GMM estimation, IndiaAbstract
The paper explores the relationship between energy use, economic growth and emission rates for Asian giants such as China, India and Japan. As these countries are the regional economic powers and also the major global carbon emitters, it is inevitable to conduct a research study to find the possible relationship between energy use, emission and growth among these countries by the panel data analysis over the period from 1991 to 2020. Higher energy usage increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in countries, with agricultural sectors, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and urban populations contributing significantly. Energy use influences economic growth and emission levels, positively affecting GHG emissions. Furthermore, current initiatives taken by these three Asian superpowers for net zero carbon emission and relevant suggestions are also highlighted for emission reduction without compromising the economic growth and sustainable use of energy resources.
Downloads
References
Paris Accord. The Paris Agreement. United nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC). 2015. Retrieved: http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php
Zhang D, Guo Y, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. Green finance and energy transition to achieve net-zero emission target. Energy Economics. 2023; 126:106936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106936
Arouri ME, Youssef AB, M'henni H, Rault C. Energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Middle East and North African countries. Energy Policy. 2012; 45:342-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.042
Farid S, Karim S, Naeem MA, Nepal R, Jamasb T. Co-movement between dirty and clean energy: A time-frequency perspective. Energy Economics. 2023; 119:106565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106565
Blazquez J, Fuentes R, Manzano B. On some economic principles of the energy transition. Energy Policy. 2020; 147:111807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111807
WRI [World Resource Institute] Climate Watch. Datasets accessed on Oct 2023. https://www.wri.org/resources/topic/climate-53/subtopic/international-climate-action-10552. 2014.
Crippa M, Guizzardi D, Solazzo E, Muntean M, Schaaf E, Monforti-Ferrario F, Banja M, Olivier J, Grassi G, Rossi S, Vignati E. GHG emissions of all world countries. Publications Office of the European Union. 2021. https://doi.org/10.2760/074804. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2023
Our World in Data. 2021. https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions
Ghali KH, El-Sakka MI. Energy use and output growth in Canada: a multivariate cointegration analysis. Energy Economics. 2004; 26(2):225-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-9883(03)00056-2
Espíndola IB, Ribeiro WC. Cities and climate change: challenges to Brazilian municipal Master Plans. Cadernos Metrópole. 2020; 22:365-96. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2020-4802
Salari M, Javid RJ, Noghanibehambari H. The nexus between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in the US. Economic Analysis and Policy. 2021; 69:182-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2020.12.007
Stern, N. Stern Review: The Economics of climate change. U.S. Department of Energy. 2006. www.hm-treasury.gov.uk
IPCC [The intergovernmental panel on climate change]. Synthesis Report. https://www.ipcc.ch/ar6-syr/1988
Kyoto Protocol. UNFCCC [The united nations framework convention on climate change]. 1997. https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol
Copenhagen Summit. United nations framework convention on climate change. https://unfccc.int/conference/copenhagen-climate-change-conference-december-2009#:~:text=The%2015%20th%20session%20of%20the
Soytas U, Sari R. Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions: challenges faced by an EU candidate member. Ecological Economics. 2009; 68(6):1667-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.06.014
Markandya A, Golub A, Pedroso-Galinato S. Empirical analysis of national income and SO2 emissions in selected European countries. Environmental and Resource Economics. 2006; 35:221-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-006-9014-2
Narayan PK, Popp S. The energy consumption-real GDP nexus revisited: Empirical evidence from 93 countries. Economic Modelling. 2012; 29(2):303-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.10.016
Soytas U, Sari R. Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions: challenges faced by an EU candidate member. Ecological Economics. 2009; 68(6):1667-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.06.014
Narayan PK and Narayan S. Carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: Panel data evidence from developing countries. Energy Policy. 2010; 38(1):661-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.005
Managi S. Are there increasing returns to pollution abatement? Empirical analytics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in pesticides. Ecological Economics. 2006; 58(3):617-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.08.011
Perman R and Stern DI. Evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests that the environmental Kuznets curve does not exist. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2003; 47(3):325-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.00216
Arouri ME, Youssef AB, M'henni H, Rault C. Energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Middle East and North African countries. Energy Policy. 2012; 45:342-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.042
Bhattacharyya R, Ghoshal T. Economic growth and CO2 emissions. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2010; 12:159-77.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-009-9187-2
Lean HH, Smyth R. CO2 emissions, electricity consumption and output in ASEAN. Applied Energy. 2010; 87(6):1858-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.02.003
Apergis N, Payne JE. Energy consumption and growth in South America: Evidence from a panel error correction model. Energy Economics. 2010; 32(6):1421-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2010.04.006
Kim HS, Baek J. The environmental consequences of economic growth revisited. Economics Bulletin. 2011; 31(2):1-3. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ebl/ecbull/eb-11-00077.html
Yang G, Wang H, Zhou J, Liu X. Analyzing and predicting the economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Shanghai. Energy and Environment Research. 2012; 2(2):1-83. 10.5539/eerv2n2p83. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibn/eerjnl/v2y2012i2p83.html
Halicioglu F. An econometric study of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey. Energy Policy. 2009; 37(3):1156-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.11.012
Ang JB. Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption in Malaysia. Journal of Policy Modeling. 2008; 30(2):271-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.04.010
Boopen S and Harris N. Energy use, emissions, economic growth and trade: evidence from Mauritius. Resource Energy Economics. 2012; 30:50-65. ISSN: 16941225
Dhakal S. Urban energy use and carbon emissions from cities in China and policy implications. Energy Policy. 2009; 37(11):4208-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.05.020
Martínez-Zarzoso I, Maruotti A. The impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions: evidence from developing countries. Ecological Economics. 2011; 70(7):1344-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.02.009
Poumanyvong P, Kaneko S. Does urbanization lead to less energy use and lower CO2 emissions? A cross-country analysis. Ecological Economics. 2010; 70(2):434-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.09.029
Ferrantino MJ. International trade, environmental quality and public policy. World Economy. 1997; 20(1). DOI: 10.1111/1467-9701.00057
Grether JM, Mathys NA, De Melo J. Is trade bad for the environment? Decomposing worldwide SO2 emissions 1990-2000. Discussion Paper. 2007. https://pseweb.eu/ydepot/semin/texte0607/MEL2007TRA.pdf
Jalil A, Mahmud SF. Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: a cointegration analysis for China. Energy Policy. 2009; 37(12):5167-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.044
Antweiler W, Copeland BR, Taylor MS. Is free trade good for the environment? American Economic Review. 2001; 91(4):877-908. DOI: 10.1257/aer.91.4.877
Sharma SS. Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions: empirical evidence from 69 countries. Applied Energy. 2011; 88(1):376-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.022
Nasir M, Rehman FU. Environmental Kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Pakistan: an empirical investigation. Energy Policy. 2011; 39(3):1857-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.01.025
Shahbaz M, Tang CF, Shabbir MS. Electricity consumption and economic growth nexus in Portugal using cointegration and causality approaches. Energy Policy. 2011; 39(6):3529-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.052
Fan Y, Liu LC, Wu G, Wei YM. Analyzing impact factors of CO2 emissions using the STIRPAT model. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2006; 26(4):377-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2005.11.007
WDI [World Development Indicators]. World Bank database. https://databank.worldbank.or/reports.aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators
FAOSTAT [Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/EM
UNCOMTRADE. World Bank. https://wits.worldbank.org/
World Bank database. WITS [World Integrated Trade Solution]. https://wits.worldbank.org/
Abbasi KR, Kirikkaleli D, Altuntas M. Carbon dioxide intensity of GDP and environmental degradation in an emerging country. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022; 29(56):84451-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21679-9
Saboori B, Sulaiman J, Mohd S. Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: a cointegration analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve. Energy Policy. 2012; 51:184-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.08.065
Zhang YJ. The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: An empirical analysis in China. Energy Policy. 2011; 39(4):2197-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.026
Kiefer NM. Estimation of fixed effect models for time series of cross-sections with arbitrary intertemporal covariance. Journal of Econometrics. 1980; 14(2):195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(80)90090-1
Lee BS, Ingram BF. Simulation estimation of time-series models. Journal of Econometrics. 1991; 47(2-3):197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(91)90098-X
Wooldridge, J. M. Econometrics: panel data methods' In: Meyers, R. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Springer, New York. 2009; 2769-2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-7701-4_12
Baltagi, B.H. Econometric analysis of panel data. 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2001. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-53953-5
Greene, W.H. Econometric Analysis. 5th ed., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2003. https://worldveg.tind.io/record/15444/
Griffiths WE, Hill RC, Judge GG. Learning and practicing econometrics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1993. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/530164
Gujarati DN. Basic Econometrics, McGraw-Hill. New York. 2003. https://archive.org/details/basiceconometric0004guja
Maddala, G.S. Introduction to Econometrics. 3rd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2001. https://www.revecap.alde.es/revista/numeros/03/pdf/raymond.pdf
FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/EM 2020.
TNC [Third National Communication] Report. Report to UNFCCC to mitigate emissions. 2023. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/india-succeeds-in-reducing-emissions-rate-by-33-over-14-years-sources/article67176377.ece
FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization]. 2020. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/EM
IEA [International Energy Agency]. Energy Statistics. 2020. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics
CEEW [Council on Energy, Environment and Water] Report. Van Deursen, Max and Sumit Prasad. Trust and transparency in climate action: Revealing developed countries' emission trajectories'. New Delhi: Council on Energy, Environment and Water. 2023. https://www.ceew.in/sites/default/files/ceew-research-on-trust-and-transparency-in-climate-action.pdf
Zhang C, Lin B. Impact of introducing Chinese certified emission reduction scheme to the carbon market: Promoting renewable energy. Renewable Energy. 2024; 222:119887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119887
Cong R, Lo AY, Yu W. The distribution and regional determinants of nationally financed emissions-reduction projects in China. Energy Policy. 2021; 152:112215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112215
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 E Nithya Kalpana , K M Shivakumar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).