Inventory of poisonings and toxicological studies carried out on Atractylis gummifera L.: A review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.4.582Keywords:
Intoxication, Toxicological studyAbstract
Atractylis gummifera L. belongs to the family Asteraceae is widely used in traditional Moroccan medicine for its therapeutic effects (diuretic, purgative, emetic, abortive), but it causes serious and fatal poisonings, hence the objective of this work is to describe the current state of intoxication caused by A. gummifera in the Mediterranean and to summarize the toxicological studies carried out on this plant. The working methodology we adopted consisted in collecting data published in Arabic, French and English in specialized articles, books and on websites. Research results showed that the Centre Anti Poison and Pharmacovigilance of Morocco declared A. gummifera was in second place in the occurrence of poisonings in between January 1980 and December 2008. The synthesis of experimental work on plant toxicology showed that the lethal dose of A. gummifera varies according to the animal model used (rat or mouse), the route of administration (intraperitoneal, oral or intravenous) and the part of the plant used. The root has been found to be the most toxic part of the plant. The toxicity of A. gummifera is due to atractyloside and gummiferine, which are inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation that prevent the formation of ATP from ADP in intracellular organelles. This study shows the interest in raising public awareness of the toxicity of A. gummifera and in rationalizing its use in traditional medicine.
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References
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4. Chater S. Les intoxications par les plantes dans la région du Gharb Chrarda Beni Hssin. Thèse de doctorat en médecine. Maroc: Université Mohammed V; 2016.
5. Winslow L, Kroll D. Herbs as medicines. Arch. Intern. Med.1998;158:2192-99. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.20.2192.
6. Atherton DJ. Towards the safer use of traditional remedies. Br. Med. J. 1994;308: 673-74. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6930.673.
7. Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, Hassar M, Zemzami M, Atif N, et al. In vitro cell-toxicity of Peganum harmala alkaloids on cancerous cell-lines. Fitoterapia. 2000;71:50-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00117-3.
8. Lamchouri F, Zemzami M, Jossang A, Settaf A, Lyoussi B. Cytotoxic constituents from Peganum harmala seeds. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2013;26(4):699-706.
9. Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, Zemzami M, Lyoussi B, Zaid A, et al. Antitumour principles from Peganum harmala seeds. Therapie. 1999;54(6):753-58. PMID:10709452.
10. Lamchouri F. Antitumor properties and toxicity effects of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae).Plant Sci. Today. 2014;1(4):192-95. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2014.1.4.71.
11. Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, El Hamidi M, Tligui N S, Lyoussi B, et al. Experimental toxicity of Peganum harmala seeds. Ann. Pharm. Fr. 2002;60: 123-29. PMID:11976557.
12. Bammou M, Daoudi A, Sellam K, El rhaffari L, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri L. Ethnobotanical Survey of Asteraceae Family used in Meknes-Tafilalet Region (Morocco). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. 2015;13:789-815.
13. Nassiri L, Zarkani S, Daoudi A, Bammou M, Bouiamrine EH, Ibijbijen J. Contribution à l'élaboration d'un catalogue ethnobotanique de la commune rurale d'Aguelmous (Province de Khénifra, Maroc). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. 2016;2:373-87.
14. Benítez GC, González-Tejero MR, Molero-Mesa J. Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the western part of Granada province (southern Spain): ethnopharmacological synthesis, J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;129:87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.016.
15. Kharchoufa L, Merrouni IA, Yamani A, El Achouri M. Profile on medicinal plants used by the people of North Eastern Morocco: Toxicity concerns.Toxicon. 2018;154:90-113.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.09.003.
16. Aït Youssef M. Plantes médicinales de Kabylie. Paris: Ibis Press; 2006. ISBN: 2-910728-57-59.
17. Dupont F, Guignard JL. Botanique: Les familles de plantes. 16e éd. ELSEVIER MASSON; 2015. 1 vol. (XV-388 (Abrégés de pharmacie). ISBN: 9782294741173.
18. Bellakhdar J. La pharmacopée marocaine traditionnelle: Médecine arabe ancienne et savoirs populaires. Paris, Casablanca: Ibis Press; Editions Le Fennec; 1997. 764 p. ISBN: 2-910728-03-X.
19. Quézel P, Santa S. Nouvelle flore de l'Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique; 1962-1963.
20. Larribaud J. Tindouf et le Sahara occidental. Revue des archives de l'Institut Pasteur , Alger. 1952.
21. Boukef MK. Les plantes dans la médecine traditionnelle tunisienne. Paris, France: Agence de coopération culturelle et technique; 1986. VIII, 350 (Médecine traditionnelle et pharmacopée). ISBN: 9290280859.
22. Émile Laoust. Mots et choses berbères [Paris 1920 réédition Rabat, 1983].
23. Bertrand PY. Les noms des plantes au Maroc. Rabat, Maroc: Actes Editions; 1991.
24. Gattefossé J. Les plantes dans la thérapeutique indigèe du Maroc. 10:73-123. Paris: Larose; 1921.
25. Brette JP. Phytothérapie traditionnelle kabyle [thèse de doctorat: Médecine].Université PARIS 5; 1985.
26. Fourment, Roques. Répertoire des plantes médicinales et aromatiques d'Algérie [Documents et renseignements agricoles]; 1942.
27. Bellakhdar J. Plantes médicinales et soins de base, précis de phytothérapie moderne, Éditons Le fennec, Casablanca; 2006. 385 p.
28. Savo V, Giulia C, Maria GP, David R. Folk phytotherapy of the Amalfi Coast (Campania, Southern Italy). J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011;135:376-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.027.
29. Vallejo JR, Peral D, Gemio P, Carrasco, M, Heinrich C. Atractylis gummifera and Centaurea ornata in the Province of Badajoz (Extremadura, Spain)-Ethnopharmacological importance and toxicological risk. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009;126:366-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.036.
30. Bnouham M, Merhfour FZ, Elachoui M, Legssyer A, Legssyer A, Mekhfi H, et al. Toxic effects of some medicinal plants used in Moroccan traditional medicine. Moroccan J. Bio. 2006;3:21-30.
31. Zaim N, Guemouri L, Lamnaouer D, Benjouad A. Étude de quatre cas d’intoxication par Atractylis gummifera L. au Maroc. Thérapie. 2008;63(1):49–54. https://doi.org/10.2515/therapie:2008008.
32. Fakchich J, Elachouri M. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by people in Oriental Morocco to manage various ailments. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014;154:76-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.016.
33. Sofowora, A. Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Chichster: John Wiley and Sons; 1982. 256 p.
34. Asgharpour F, Pouramir M, Khalilpour A, Alamdari SA, Rezaei M. Antioxidant activity and glucose diffusion relationship of traditional medicinal antihyperglycemic plant extracts. Int. J. Mol. Cell. Med. 2013;2(4):169-176.
35. Khadhri A, El mokni R, S Smiti, Composés phénoliques et activités antioxydantes de deux extraits de chardon à glu: Atractylis gummifera, Review. Social. Science Nature. 2015;39:44-52.
36. Bouabid K,Lamchouri F, Toufik H, Sayah K, Cherrah Y, Faouzi MEA. Phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase and beta galactosidase inhibition by aqueous andorganic Atractylis gummifera L. extracts.Plant Sci. Today. 2018;5(3):103-12.https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.3.393.
37. Bouabid K, Lamchouri F, Toufik H, Boulfia M, Senhaji S, Faouzi MEA. In vivo anti-diabetic effect of aqueous and methanolic macerated extracts of Atractylis gummifera L. Bangladesh J. Pharmacol. 2019;14: 67-73. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v14i2.38870.
38. Mejdoub K, Mami IR,Belabbes R,Dib MA,Djabou N, Tabti B,et al. Chemical Variability of Atractylis gummifera Essential Oils at Three Developmental Stages and Investigation of Their Antioxidant, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities. Curr. Bioact. Compd. 2019. doi: 10.2174/1573407215666190126152112.https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407215666190126152112.
39. Ahid S, Ait el cadi M, Meddah B, Cherah Y. Atractylis gummifera?: de l’intoxication aux méthodes analytiques. AnnaleBiololgie Clinique. 2012;70:263-68. https://doi.org/10.1684/abc.2012.0699.
40. Chardon G, Viala A, Vignais P, Stanislas E. L’intoxication par le chardon à glu, Atractylis gummifera L. Thérapie. 1964;19:1313-22.
41. Gaillard Y, Cheze M, Pepin G. Intoxications humaines par les végétaux supérieurs: revue de la littérature. Ann. Biol. Clin. 2001;59:764-65.
42. Belarbi N, Rhalem N, Soulaymani A, Hami H, Mokhtari A, Soulaymani RB. Intoxication par l’ Atractylis gummifera L. au Maroc (1992-2008). Antropo. 2011;30:97-104.
43. Magda Ait Lektaoui, Report on Herbal Poisoning in Morocco relaunches the debate about Radio "Advice", HSPRES, Tuesday 18 February 2014. [consulted on April 23, 2019].
44. Our Moroccan News, Taounate: The poisonous "Dad" plant causes the deaths of two children from same family (Internet) (Published 05/07/2013). https://akhbarona.com/national/46440.html [consulted on April 23, 2019].
45. Boullard B. Plantes médicinales du Monde, réalités et croyances. Edition ESTEM, Paris; 2001. 636 p.
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01-10-2019
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Bouabid K, Lamchouri F, Hamid T, Faouzi MEA. Inventory of poisonings and toxicological studies carried out on Atractylis gummifera L.: A review. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2019 Oct. 1 [cited 2024 May 3];6(4):457-64. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/582
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