Inventory of poisonings and toxicological studies carried out on Atractylis gummifera L.: A review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.4.582Keywords:
Intoxication, Toxicological studyAbstract
Atractylis gummifera L. belongs to the family Asteraceae is widely used in traditional Moroccan medicine for its therapeutic effects (diuretic, purgative, emetic, abortive), but it causes serious and fatal poisonings, hence the objective of this work is to describe the current state of intoxication caused by A. gummifera in the Mediterranean and to summarize the toxicological studies carried out on this plant. The working methodology we adopted consisted in collecting data published in Arabic, French and English in specialized articles, books and on websites. Research results showed that the Centre Anti Poison and Pharmacovigilance of Morocco declared A. gummifera was in second place in the occurrence of poisonings in between January 1980 and December 2008. The synthesis of experimental work on plant toxicology showed that the lethal dose of A. gummifera varies according to the animal model used (rat or mouse), the route of administration (intraperitoneal, oral or intravenous) and the part of the plant used. The root has been found to be the most toxic part of the plant. The toxicity of A. gummifera is due to atractyloside and gummiferine, which are inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation that prevent the formation of ATP from ADP in intracellular organelles. This study shows the interest in raising public awareness of the toxicity of A. gummifera and in rationalizing its use in traditional medicine.
Downloads
References
2. Amin Al-Ruwaheh, herbal medicine in a scientific way, including medicine and ancient medicine. 7th ed. Dar al-Qalam; 1983. 520 p.
3. Hammich V, Merad R, Azzouz M. Plantes toxiques à usage médicinal du pourtour méditerranéen. Paris: Springer-Verlag; 2013. 63 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0375-3_12.
4. Chater S. Les intoxications par les plantes dans la région du Gharb Chrarda Beni Hssin. Thèse de doctorat en médecine. Maroc: Université Mohammed V; 2016.
5. Winslow L, Kroll D. Herbs as medicines. Arch. Intern. Med.1998;158:2192-99. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.20.2192.
6. Atherton DJ. Towards the safer use of traditional remedies. Br. Med. J. 1994;308: 673-74. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6930.673.
7. Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, Hassar M, Zemzami M, Atif N, et al. In vitro cell-toxicity of Peganum harmala alkaloids on cancerous cell-lines. Fitoterapia. 2000;71:50-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00117-3.
8. Lamchouri F, Zemzami M, Jossang A, Settaf A, Lyoussi B. Cytotoxic constituents from Peganum harmala seeds. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2013;26(4):699-706.
9. Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, Zemzami M, Lyoussi B, Zaid A, et al. Antitumour principles from Peganum harmala seeds. Therapie. 1999;54(6):753-58. PMID:10709452.
10. Lamchouri F. Antitumor properties and toxicity effects of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae).Plant Sci. Today. 2014;1(4):192-95. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2014.1.4.71.
11. Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, El Hamidi M, Tligui N S, Lyoussi B, et al. Experimental toxicity of Peganum harmala seeds. Ann. Pharm. Fr. 2002;60: 123-29. PMID:11976557.
12. Bammou M, Daoudi A, Sellam K, El rhaffari L, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri L. Ethnobotanical Survey of Asteraceae Family used in Meknes-Tafilalet Region (Morocco). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. 2015;13:789-815.
13. Nassiri L, Zarkani S, Daoudi A, Bammou M, Bouiamrine EH, Ibijbijen J. Contribution à l'élaboration d'un catalogue ethnobotanique de la commune rurale d'Aguelmous (Province de Khénifra, Maroc). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. 2016;2:373-87.
14. Benítez GC, González-Tejero MR, Molero-Mesa J. Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the western part of Granada province (southern Spain): ethnopharmacological synthesis, J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;129:87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.016.
15. Kharchoufa L, Merrouni IA, Yamani A, El Achouri M. Profile on medicinal plants used by the people of North Eastern Morocco: Toxicity concerns.Toxicon. 2018;154:90-113.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.09.003.
16. Aït Youssef M. Plantes médicinales de Kabylie. Paris: Ibis Press; 2006. ISBN: 2-910728-57-59.
17. Dupont F, Guignard JL. Botanique: Les familles de plantes. 16e éd. ELSEVIER MASSON; 2015. 1 vol. (XV-388 (Abrégés de pharmacie). ISBN: 9782294741173.
18. Bellakhdar J. La pharmacopée marocaine traditionnelle: Médecine arabe ancienne et savoirs populaires. Paris, Casablanca: Ibis Press; Editions Le Fennec; 1997. 764 p. ISBN: 2-910728-03-X.
19. Quézel P, Santa S. Nouvelle flore de l'Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique; 1962-1963.
20. Larribaud J. Tindouf et le Sahara occidental. Revue des archives de l'Institut Pasteur , Alger. 1952.
21. Boukef MK. Les plantes dans la médecine traditionnelle tunisienne. Paris, France: Agence de coopération culturelle et technique; 1986. VIII, 350 (Médecine traditionnelle et pharmacopée). ISBN: 9290280859.
22. Émile Laoust. Mots et choses berbères [Paris 1920 réédition Rabat, 1983].
23. Bertrand PY. Les noms des plantes au Maroc. Rabat, Maroc: Actes Editions; 1991.
24. Gattefossé J. Les plantes dans la thérapeutique indigèe du Maroc. 10:73-123. Paris: Larose; 1921.
25. Brette JP. Phytothérapie traditionnelle kabyle [thèse de doctorat: Médecine].Université PARIS 5; 1985.
26. Fourment, Roques. Répertoire des plantes médicinales et aromatiques d'Algérie [Documents et renseignements agricoles]; 1942.
27. Bellakhdar J. Plantes médicinales et soins de base, précis de phytothérapie moderne, Éditons Le fennec, Casablanca; 2006. 385 p.
28. Savo V, Giulia C, Maria GP, David R. Folk phytotherapy of the Amalfi Coast (Campania, Southern Italy). J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011;135:376-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.027.
29. Vallejo JR, Peral D, Gemio P, Carrasco, M, Heinrich C. Atractylis gummifera and Centaurea ornata in the Province of Badajoz (Extremadura, Spain)-Ethnopharmacological importance and toxicological risk. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009;126:366-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.036.
30. Bnouham M, Merhfour FZ, Elachoui M, Legssyer A, Legssyer A, Mekhfi H, et al. Toxic effects of some medicinal plants used in Moroccan traditional medicine. Moroccan J. Bio. 2006;3:21-30.
31. Zaim N, Guemouri L, Lamnaouer D, Benjouad A. Étude de quatre cas d’intoxication par Atractylis gummifera L. au Maroc. Thérapie. 2008;63(1):49–54. https://doi.org/10.2515/therapie:2008008.
32. Fakchich J, Elachouri M. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by people in Oriental Morocco to manage various ailments. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014;154:76-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.016.
33. Sofowora, A. Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Chichster: John Wiley and Sons; 1982. 256 p.
34. Asgharpour F, Pouramir M, Khalilpour A, Alamdari SA, Rezaei M. Antioxidant activity and glucose diffusion relationship of traditional medicinal antihyperglycemic plant extracts. Int. J. Mol. Cell. Med. 2013;2(4):169-176.
35. Khadhri A, El mokni R, S Smiti, Composés phénoliques et activités antioxydantes de deux extraits de chardon à glu: Atractylis gummifera, Review. Social. Science Nature. 2015;39:44-52.
36. Bouabid K,Lamchouri F, Toufik H, Sayah K, Cherrah Y, Faouzi MEA. Phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase and beta galactosidase inhibition by aqueous andorganic Atractylis gummifera L. extracts.Plant Sci. Today. 2018;5(3):103-12.https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.3.393.
37. Bouabid K, Lamchouri F, Toufik H, Boulfia M, Senhaji S, Faouzi MEA. In vivo anti-diabetic effect of aqueous and methanolic macerated extracts of Atractylis gummifera L. Bangladesh J. Pharmacol. 2019;14: 67-73. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v14i2.38870.
38. Mejdoub K, Mami IR,Belabbes R,Dib MA,Djabou N, Tabti B,et al. Chemical Variability of Atractylis gummifera Essential Oils at Three Developmental Stages and Investigation of Their Antioxidant, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities. Curr. Bioact. Compd. 2019. doi: 10.2174/1573407215666190126152112.https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407215666190126152112.
39. Ahid S, Ait el cadi M, Meddah B, Cherah Y. Atractylis gummifera?: de l’intoxication aux méthodes analytiques. AnnaleBiololgie Clinique. 2012;70:263-68. https://doi.org/10.1684/abc.2012.0699.
40. Chardon G, Viala A, Vignais P, Stanislas E. L’intoxication par le chardon à glu, Atractylis gummifera L. Thérapie. 1964;19:1313-22.
41. Gaillard Y, Cheze M, Pepin G. Intoxications humaines par les végétaux supérieurs: revue de la littérature. Ann. Biol. Clin. 2001;59:764-65.
42. Belarbi N, Rhalem N, Soulaymani A, Hami H, Mokhtari A, Soulaymani RB. Intoxication par l’ Atractylis gummifera L. au Maroc (1992-2008). Antropo. 2011;30:97-104.
43. Magda Ait Lektaoui, Report on Herbal Poisoning in Morocco relaunches the debate about Radio "Advice", HSPRES, Tuesday 18 February 2014. [consulted on April 23, 2019].
44. Our Moroccan News, Taounate: The poisonous "Dad" plant causes the deaths of two children from same family (Internet) (Published 05/07/2013). https://akhbarona.com/national/46440.html [consulted on April 23, 2019].
45. Boullard B. Plantes médicinales du Monde, réalités et croyances. Edition ESTEM, Paris; 2001. 636 p.
46. Hamouda C, Hedhili A, Bensalah N, Zhioua M, Amamou MA. Review of acute poisoning from Atractylis gummifera L. Vet. Hum. Toxicol.2004;46:144-46.
47. Bousliman Y, Ait El Cadi M, El Jaoudi R, Laatiris A, Bouklouze A, Cherrah Y. Les plantes toxiques au Maroc. Médecine du Maghreb. 2012;196:20-26.
48. Achour S, Rhalem N, Elfakir S, Khattabi A, Nejjari C, Mokhtari A, et al. Prognostic factors of Atractylis gummifera L. poisoning, Morocco. East.Mediterr. Health J. 2013;19(11):953-59. https://doi.org/10.26719/2013.19.11.953.
49. Najem M,Belaidi R, Harouak H, Bouiamrine EH, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri N. Occurrence de plantes toxiques en phytothérapie traditionnelle dans la région du Moyen Atlas central Maroc. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 2018;35(2):5651-73.
50. Daniele C, Dahamna S, Firuzi O, Sekfali N, Saso L, Mazzanti G. Atractylis gummifera L. poisoning: an ethnopharmacological review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97:175-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.025.
51. Rapport du Centre Antipoison d’Algérie, Bilan des intoxications au chardon à glu au CAP d’Alger (années 1991–2009), Algérie, 2010.
52. Hamouda C, Amamou M, Thabet H, Yacoub M, Hedhili A, Bescharnia F, et al. Plant poisonings from herbal medication admitted to a Tunisian toxicologic intensive care unit, 1983-1998. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 2000;42:137-41.
53. Flesch F, Berthelon L. Intoxication: plantes et baies, In book: Urgences en un clic. Strasbourg: S-Edition; 2011. 17 p.
54. Bismuth C. Toxicologie clinique. Paris: Flammarion. 5thed.Paris, Me?decine-Sciences Flammarion ; 2000. 1092 p.
55. Caravaca Magarinos F, Cubero Gómez JJ, Arrobas Vaca M. Renal and hepatic injuries in human intoxication with Atractylis gummifera L. Nefrologia. 1985;5:205-10.
56. Georgiou M, Biol D, Sianidou L. Hepatotoxicity due to Atractylis gummifera L. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1988;26:487-93. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563658809038564.
57. Hedili A, Warnet JM, Thevenin M, Martin C, Yacoub M, Claude JR. Biochemical Investigation of Atractylis gummifera L. Hepatotoxicyty in the Rat. Arch. Toxicol. 1989;13:312-15.
58. Zaim N. Etude de la toxicité d’Atractylis gummifera. L chez la souris IOPS OFA et le rat Wistar et rôle de la trimetazidine dans la prévention des lésions hépatiques. Universite Mohammed V - Agdal, Faculte des Sciences, Rabat, Maroc; 2009.
59. Haouzi DI, Cohen HL, Poncet PB, Castedo MN, Vadrot AS, Fau D, et al. Mitochondrial permeability transition as a novel principle of hepatorenal toxicity in vivo. Apoptosis. 2002;7:395-405. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020026923038.
60. Kephalas T, Alikaridis F, Pantelia K, Papadakis D. Production of carboxyatractyloside and atractyloside by cell suspension cultures of Atractylis gummifera. Phytochem. 1999;51:53-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00710-9.
61. Calmes M, Crespin F, Maillard C, Ollivier E, Balansard G. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside from Atractylis gummifera L. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994; 663:119-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80503-2.
62. Vignais PV, Vignais PM, Defaye G. Gummiferin, an inhibitor of the adeninenucleotide translocation. Study of its binding properties to mitochondria.FEBS Lett. 1971;17:281-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(71)80165-5.
63. Carpenedo F, Luciani S, Scaravilli F, Palatini P, Santi R. Nephrotoxic Effect of Atractyloside in Rats.Arch. Toxicol, 1974;32:169-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00318431.
64. Riccio P, Scherer B, Klingenberg M. Isolation of a new atractyloside type compound. Febs Lett. 1973;31:11-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(73)80062-6.
65. Danieli B, Bombardelli E, Bonati B. Gabett A. Structure of the diterpenoids carboxyatractyloside.Phytochemistry. 1972; 11:3501-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89846-5.
66. Obatomi DK, Bach PH. Biochemistry and Toxicology of the diterpenoid glycoside atractyloside, Food Chem. Toxicol. 1998;36:335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00002-7.
67. Romeuf L, Cherrah Y, Ahid S, Ollagnier M, Basset T, Gaillard Y. Identification et dosage de l’atractyloside et du carboxyatractyloside par CLHP-SM2 et CLHP-SM3 dans le chardon à glu (Atractylis gummifera L.). Ann. Toxicol. Anal. 2006;18(4): 223-57.
68. Steenkamp P, Harding NM, van Heerden FR, van Wyk BE. Identification of atractyloside by LC–ESI–MS in alleged herbal poisonings. Forensic Sci. Int. 2006;163(1-2): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.010.
69. Benbouziane F, Beneddra M. Contribution à une étude botanique et chimique du chardon à glu, Atractylis gummifera L., famille des Asteraceae. Mémoire de fin d’étude pour l’obtention du diplôme de docteur en pharmacie. Université Abou Bekr Belkaîd Faculté de medicine, Algérie; 2016.
70. Larabi IA, Azzouz M, Abtroun R, Reggabi M, Alamir B. Determinations of levels of atractyloside in the roots of Atractylis gummifera L. collected from six different areas of Algeria. Ann. Toxicol. Anal. 2012;24:81-86. https://doi.org/10.1051/ata/2012009.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).