Standardization of foliar spray of nutrients, growth regulators and bio-stimulants for vegetative growth & multiplication of pot-Anthuriums
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6075Keywords:
Anthurium andraeanum, Gibberellins, Humic acid, Nutrient solutionsAbstract
An experiment was conducted on potted-Anthuriums (dwarf potted varieties of Anthurium andraeanum) at Bio-Technology cum Tissue Culture Centre premises under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Floriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar to study the effect of foliar spray of different nutrient solutions and growth regulators/bio-stimulants applied at varying frequency. The treatments include five number of nutrient solutions, viz. Liquid MS medium, macro and micronutrient mixture, NPK (19:19:19), NPK (10:20:20), and NPK (12:61:40) sprayed weekly (once and twice) along with six numbers of growth regulator solutions. The different growth regulators and bio-stimulants included Gibberellic acid (GA3), at 100 ppm and 200ppm (applied bimonthly), Benzyl Adenine (BA), at 50 ppm and 100 ppm (applied monthly) and humic acid, at 0.1% and 0.2% (applied monthly). The nutrient solutions of only NPK were sprayed at a concentration of 0.2% and supplemented by a fortnightly spray of micronutrient mixture solution of 0.2%. The result showed that spraying of macro and micronutrient mixture weekly once with GA3, at 200 ppm (applied bimonthly) resulted in the highest plant height (16.80 cm) and with humic acid 0.1% (applied monthly) produced maximum plant spread E-W direction (19.08 cm). Spraying of N:P: K (12:61:40), at 0.2% weekly once with Gibberellic acid 200 ppm (applied bimonthly) resulted in maximum plant spread (N-S direction) (20.45cm). A combination of N:P: K (12:61:40), at 0.2% weekly once with BA, at 100 ppm (applied monthly) resulted in the maximum number of suckers (5.44) and leaves (40.56). On average, application of 12:61:40, at 0.2% weekly once resulted in maximum plant spread (18.54cm, N-S) and highest number of suckers (4.67).
Downloads
References
India indoor plant market by type (Shade loving plants, Low light plants, High light plants), by product (succulent plants, herbaceous plants, woody plants, hydrophobic plants, others), by distribution channel (online and offline), by application (commercial and resedent), by region, competition, forecast and opportunities, 2020-20230F. TechSciReasearch [Internet]. ABConline; 2024 April. Available from: https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-indoor-plants-market/4124.html
Sree V, Thaneshwari T, Wani AW, Gupta R, Sai L, Rashikasarje A, et al. Future directions and opportunities in Anthurium breeding research. Afr J Biol Sci. 2024;6:3394?409. https://doi.org/10.33472/AFJBS.6.5.2024. 3394-3409
Chowdhuri TK, Sadhukhan R, Ghosh T. Varietal performance of Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum) on growth and flowering in the subtropical zone of West Bengal. Int J Plant Soil Sci. 2021;33(3):32?37. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i330419
Bhati MI. Chapter-2 Advances in production technology of Anthurium. A textbook on advances in production technology of commercial flowers. Integrated Publication; 2023. p 19?35 Available form: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376681855_Chapter_-2_Advances_in_Production_Technology_of_Anthurium_Chapter_-2_Advances_in_Production_Technology_of_Anthurium
Anthurium exports from world to India – Market size and demand based on export trade data[Internet] Volza export data. 2023-2024; Available from https://www.volza.com/p/anthurium/export/cod-india/
Wolverton BC, Johnson A, Bounds K. Interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement: Final report-September 1989. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Centre; 1989.
Swain D, Maurya MK. A study of floriculture entrepreneurial challenges in Odisha, India. AJAEES. 2021;39(12):98?102. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1230808
Beura S. Prospects and feasibility of Anthurium cultivation in Odisha, Souvenir on Workshop-cum-Training to flower growers on protected cultivation of Anthurium and Lilium, Dept. of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar; 2017. p. 29?33 available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315074732_WORKSHOP-CUM-TRAINING_TO_FLOWER_GROWERS_ON_PROTECTED_CULTIVATION_OF_ANTHURIUM_AND_LILIUM
Osati F, Mahmoudi TM, Eslam BP, Seta SY, Monirifar H. Effect of irrigation levels and foliar application of fertilizers on some agronomic and oil characteristics of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Plant Sci Today. 2022;9(1):1?8. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1250
Munir MK, Zafar M, Babar BH, Zafar N, Ahmed S, Sarwar AM, et al. Effect of different concentrations of soil and foliar applied zinc, boron and iron fertilizers on seedling growth, chlorophyll content and productivity of chickpea seedlings under semi-arid environment. Plant Sci Today. 2024;11(4):1?11. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3025
Anand S, Jawaharlal M. Effect of foliar spray of nutrients and growth regulators on inflorescence emergence and spathe unfurling in Anthurium andreanum var. Temptation J Ornam Hortic. 2004;7(3):117?21.
Cuquel FL, Grossi ML. Anthurium production in the state of Paraná coast. J Ornam Hortic. 2004;10:35?37. https://doi.org/10.14295/rbho.v10i1.320
Khawlhring C, Patel GD, Lalnunmawia F. Productivity and quality of Anthurium andreanum influenced with growing conditions and fertilizers. J of Appl and Nat Sci. 2019;11(2):240?44. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2024
Opik HA, Rolfe S, Willis AJ, Street HE. The physiology of flowering plants (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press; 2005. p. 191 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164450
Swapna S. Regulation of growth and flowering in Dendrobium hybrid Sonia-17. Ph D [Thesis]. Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India; 2000
Havale VB, Tawar RV, Hage ND, Kakad GJ, Fatherurkar SC, Sable AS. Effect of growth regulators and chemicals on growth and flowering of gladiolus. Asian J Hort. 2008;3(1):93?94.
Muraleedharan A. Studies on the effect of different levels of shade on the growth and yield of Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum) cv. Tropical Int J Adv Res Sci Eng Technol. 2018;5(11):6?9.
Gouda AK. Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and flowering of pot Anthurium [Master Dissertation] Department of floriculture and landscaping, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture andTechnology, Bhubaneswar; 2023
Vasconcelos CFA, Chaves HGL. Biostimulants and their role in improving plant growth under abiotic stresses. Biostimulants in Plant Sci. 2020;3?16. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88829
Thomas JM, Reshmi CR, Rafeekher M, Priyakumari I, Aparna B. Biostimulants for promoting growth, yield and flower quality in Anthurium andreanum Lind. Int J Environ Clim Chang. 2024;14(2):330?39. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i23948
Bordoloi S, Talukdar MC. Effect of GA3 and biofertilizer on growth and yield parameters of anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Lindex Ex Andre) cv. tropical in soilless culture. Inter J Curr Microbio and Appl Sci. 2019;8(7):1157?65. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.807.137
Horticulture: Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum). TNAU Portal [Internet]. Available form: https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_flower%20crops_anthurium .html
Naveena N, Thamaraiselvi SP, Rajadurai KR, Sivakumar R. Effect of coloured shade nets on physiology and quality of cut foliage plants. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2019;8(4):1141?44.
Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedure for agricultural research. Second edition, Wiley Publication; 1984
Srinivasa V, Reddy TV. Effect of fertilizers on growth and flowering in Anthurium cv. Chaco. Pro Hort. 2005;37:82?84.
Jawaharlal M, Joshua JP, Arumugam T, Subramanian S, Vijayakumar M. Standardization of nutrients and growth regulators to reduce pre blooming period and to promote growth and flowering in Anthurium. South Indian Hort. 2001;49:342?44.
Higaki T, Imamura JS, Paull RE. N, P and K rates and leaf tissue standards for optimum Anthurium andraeanum flower production. Hort Sci. 1992;27(8):909?12. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.27.8.909
Kumar A, Bhuj BD, Dhar S. Effect of plant hormones and micro nutrients on fruit production: A review. Int J Plant Sci Hor. 2022;4:62?90.https://doi.org/10.33545/26646064.2022.v4.i2b.95
Beena R. Effect of growth regulators on the growth and flowering of anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Linden) [Doctoral dissertation]. Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani; 2000 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5282
Preeti H, Machahary RK, Sangita D, Bharali R. Production of quality Anthurium andreanum Lind. as affected by some regulating chemicals. Paper presented In: National Seminar Hort Sust Income Environ Protection 1. Advances in horticultural practices, fruits and ornamentals, Kohima, New Delhi (India). 2004;347?51. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1au.8738
Srinivasa V. Influence of GA3 on growth and flowering in Anthurium cv. Mauritius Red. Crop Res. 2005;30(2):279?82.
Chowdhury RS, Kumar V, Bhattacharya S, Mallick P, Ghosh A, Bhattacharjee S, Kothari SK. Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on vegetative and reproductive growth and yield characters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under costal region of West Bengal, India. Int J Plant Soil Sci. 2023;35(21):90?96. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i213949
Kutlu I, Gulmezoglu N. Morpho-agronomic characters of oat growing with humic acid and zinc application in different sowing times. Plant Sci Today. 2020;7(4):594–600.https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.4.861
Hemati A, Alikhani HA, Babaei M, Ajdanian L, Lajayer AB, van Hullebusch ED. Effects of foliar application of humic acid extracts and indole acetic acid on important growth indices of canola (Brassica napus L.). Sci Repo. 2022;12(1):20033. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21997-5
Rose MT, Patti AF, Little KR, Brown AL, Jackson WR, Cavagnaro TR. A meta-analysis and review of plant-growth response to humic substances: practical implications for agriculture. Adv Agron. 2014;124:37?89. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800138-7.00002-4
de Moura OV, Berbara RL, de Oliveira Torchia DF, Da Silva HF, de Castro TA, Tavares OC, et al. Humic foliar application as sustainable technology for improving the growth, yield and abiotic stress protection of agricultural crops. A review. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 2023;22(8):493?513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2023.05.001
Blevins DG. Why plants need phosphorus. Better Crops. 1999;83(2):29?30.
Sahu S, Nath MR, Palai SK, Pradhan S. Effect of split application of phosphorus on vegetative and reproductive growth of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) “Candyman” under Bhubaneswar condition. Int J Chem Stud. 2020;8(4):2986?90. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4aj.10103
Amling JW, Keever GJ, Kessler JR, Eakes DJ. Benzyladenine (BA) promotes ramformation in Hemerocallis. J Environ Hortic. 2007;25(1):9?12. https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-25.1.9
Sardoei AS. Gibberellic acid and benzyl adenine foliar sprays increase offsets in Aloe barbadensis. Eur J Exp Biol. 2014;4(1):646?50.
Rashid DA, Al-Atrushy SM. Effect of foliar applications of amino acids, benzyl adenine and nano-fertilizers on yield quantity and quality of grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing; 2023 Apr 1. 1158(4): p. 042072. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/4/042072
Abdel-Rahman SS, Abdel-Kader AA. Response of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) plants to foliar application of moringa leaf extract and benzyladenine (BA). S Afr J Bot. 2020;129:113?22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.037
Gurjar RA, Dhaduk BK, Chawla SL, Singh A. Standardization of foliar nutrients (NPK) spray in Anthurium cv. Flame. Indian J Hortic. 2012;69(3):390?94.
Sendhilnathan R, Manivannan K. Effect of graded levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and quality of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Ann Plant Soil Res. 2019;21(3):261?64. https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2019.03.00104
Nahed GAE. Stimulatory effect of NPK fertilizer and benzyl adenine on growth and chemical constituents of Codiaeum variegatum L. plant. American-Eurasian J Agri and Environ Sci. 2007;2(6):711?19.
Soad MM, Lobna TS, Farahat MM. Vegetative growth and chemical constituents of croton plants as affected by foliar application of benzyl adenine and gibberellic acid. J Am Sci. 2010;6(7):126?30.
John S, Sankar M, Sreelatha U, Kumar KA, Deepthy KB. Morphological and floral characters of rose as influenced by growing media and growth regulator. J Trop Agri. 2020;58(1):
Sahu JK, Tamrakar SK, Tiwari A, Lakpale R. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum. Pharma Innov J. 2021;10(7):1289?92.
Gabrel F, Mahmoud K, Ali El N. Effect of benzyl adenine and gibberellic acid on the vegetative growth and flowering of chrysanthemum plant. Alex J Agri Sci. 2018;63(1):29?40.https://doi.org/10.21608/alexja.2018.30051
Hussein SA, Al-Doori MF. Effect of spraying with benzyl adenine and licorice root extract on some vegetative growth characteristics and chemical content of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) CV. Rubygem. Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing; 2021 Nov 1. 923(1):012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012004
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 18-03-2025 (2)
- 05-03-2025 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 S Sahu, S K Palai, L Jena, P Pradhan, N Panda, P Tripathy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
