Quantitative assessment and status of ethnomedicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.1.625Keywords:
Ethnobotany, Conservation, Medicinal usesAbstract
This study was conducted from March 2017 to August 2018, to enumerate the quantitative attributes and current status of medicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, District Dir Lower, Pakistan. A total of 51 species were documented for their medicinal uses. These plants belonged to 31 families. Results of this study revealed that leaves were the frequently used part (50%), followed by whole plants (only 30%) in curing different ailments. Many plants were found to be having multiple uses. Based on family importance value (FIV), Lamiaceae was the leading plant family (126.30) followed by Violaceae (55.81), while highest relative frequency of citation (RFC) was noted for Viola canescens (0.558) followed by Olea europaea (0.523). Conservation study revealed that 24 species (47%) were vulnerable, 22 species (43%) were rare and 4 species (8%) were noted as infrequent. Following IUCN standards for conservation, one species i.e. Hypericum perforatum was declared dominant. This study recommends immediate ex-situ and in-situ conservation programme for protecting the plant wealth of the locality.
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References
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34. Aziz MA, Adnan M, Khan AH, Rahman AU, Jan R, Khan J. Ethno-medicinal survey of important plants practiced by indigenous community at Ladha subdivision, South Waziristan Agency, Pakistan. J Ethnobio Ethnomed. 2016;12(53):01-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0126-7
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40. Jeruto P, Lukhoba C, Ouma G, Otieno D, Mutia C. An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(2): 370–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.041
41. Ahmad M, Sultana S, Fazl-I-Hadi S, Hadda TB, Rashid S, Zafar M, et al. An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants in high mountainous region of Chail valley District Swat, Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2014;10: 01-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-4269-10-36
42. Ali A, Badshah L, Hussian F. Ethnobotanical appraisal and conservation status of medicinal plants in Hindukush Range, District Swat, Pakistan. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2018.1510456
43. Hussain W, Ullah A, Hussain J, Hussain S, Shinwari ZK, Ibrar M. Ethno-medicinal plants of Tehsil Barawal Bandi Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J App Pharm Sci. 2014;4: 94-97. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2014.91101
44. Hussain W, Ullah M, Dastagir G, Badshah L. Quantitative ethnobotanical appraisal of medicinal plants used by inhabitants of Lower Kurram, Kurram Agency, Pakistan. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2018;8(4):313-29. https://doi.org/10.22038/ajp.2018.20910.1792
45. Ali F, Khan I, Ullah S, Ihsan M, Abdullah A. Traditional uses of wild medicinally important plants of Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunhkwa, Pakistan. Int J Phytomed. 2017;9(3):471-78. https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2092
46. Giday M, Asfaw Z, Elmqvist T, Woldu Z. An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants used by the Zay people in Ethiopia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;85(1): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00359-8
47. Guarrera PM, Forti G, Marignoli S. Ethno-botanical and ethnomedicinal uses of plants in the District of Acquapendente (Latium, Central Italy). J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;96(3):429–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.014
48. Hamayun M. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants of Swat Valley, Pakistan. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2007;6(4):636–41. https://doi.org/10.1300/j044v12n04_02
49. Hong L, Guo Z, Huang K, Wei S, Liu B, Meng S, et al. Ethno-botanical study on medicinal plants used by Maonan people in China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2015;11(32):01-34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0019-1
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2. Farnsworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel AS, Soejarto DD, Guo Z. Medicinal plants in therapy. Bull World Health Organ. 1985; 63(6):965-81. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511753312.005
3. Wangchuk P, Keller PA, Pyne SG, Taweechotipatr M, Tonsomboon A, Rattanajak R, et al. Evaluation of an ethnopharmacologically selected Bhutanese medicinal plants for their major classes of phytochemicals and biological activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137(1):730-42. https://doi.org./10.1016/j.jep.06.032
4. Ajaib M, Bakhsh H, Sidiqui M F. Ethnobotanical studies on herbaceous plants of Tehsil Ahmad Pur East, District Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Fuuast J Biol. 2015;5(1):145–52.
5. Ajaib M, Haider SK, Zikrea A, Sidiqui MF. Ethnobotanical studies of shrubs and trees of Agra Valley, Parachinar, Upper Kurram Agency, Pakistan. Fuuast J Biol. 2014;4(1):73–81.
6. Khan MT, Ahmad L, Rashid W. Ethnobotanical documentation of traditional knowledge about medicinal plants used by indigenous people in the Talash Valley Dir Lower, Northern Pakistan. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2018;7(1):8-24. https://doi.org./10.5455/jice.20171011075112
7. Qaisar M, Farooq S, Gilani SN, Wasim M, Kakar M, Shah SWA, et al. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Wazir and Daur tribes of North Waziristan, Pakistan. Glob Vet. 2013;11(3):285–92. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.11.3.74114
8. Badshah L, Hussain F, Sher Z. An overview of people plant interaction in rangeland of District Tank, Pakistan. J Med Plant Res. 2012;6(14):2820–26. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1262
9. Nasrullah, Nisar M, Suliman, Ali Z. Ethnobotanical wealth of Jandool Valley, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan. Int J Phytomed. 2012;4(3):351–54. https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2092
10. Shah SM, Hussain F. Ethnomedicinal plant wealth of Mastuj valley, Hindukush range, District Chitral, Pakistan. J Med Plant Res. 2012;6(26):4328–37. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR12.527
11. Jan G, Khan MA, Farhatullah A, Jan FG, Ahmad M, Jan M, et al. Ethnobotanical studies on some useful plants of Dir Kohistan Valleys, KPK, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2011;43(4):1849–52.
12. Jan HA, Jan S, Ahmad N, Aysha M. Ethno-medicinal survey of indigenous medicinal plants used by the local population of Gollen Valley, Chitral, Pakistan. SM J Med Plant Stud. 2017;1(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.36876/smjmps.1004
13. Hussain K, Nisar MF, Majeed A, Nawaz K, Bhatti KH. Ethnomedicinal survey for important plants of Jalalpur Jattan, District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnobot Leaflets. 2010;14:807–25.
14. Tareen RB, Bibi T, Khan M A, Ahmad M, Zafar M. Indigenous knowledge of folk medicine by the women of Kalat and Khuzdar regions of Balochistan, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2010;42(3):1465–85.
15. Ali H, Qaiser M. The Ethnobotany of Chitral Valley, Pakistan with special reference to medicinal plants. Pak J Bot. 2009; 41(4):2009-41.
16. Noreen F, Tamoor M, Adil M, Mushtaq U, Nisa Q. Data of ethnobotanical plants in Wazirabad, district Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. J Pharma Care Health Sys. 2018;5(2):1-4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000194
17. Ahmed M. Some medicinal plant resources and their traditional uses in Pakistan. J Plant Breed Crop Sci. 2015;7(5):158-62. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2014.0488
18. Ahmad N, Anwar S, Fazal H, Abbasi BH. Medicinal plants used in indigenous therapy by people of Madyan Valley in District Swat, Pakistan. Int J Med Aromatic Plants. 2013;3(1):47–54. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000189
19. Ahmad I, Ibrar M, Barkatullah, Ali N. Ethnobotanical study of Tehsil Kabal, Swat District, KPK, Pakistan. J Bot. 2011;2011:3685729. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/368572
20. Hussain F, Iqbal I, Durrani MJ. Ethnobotany of Ghalegay, District Swat, Pakistan. Acta Botanica Yunnani. 2006;28(3):305–14.
21. Qureshi R, Waheed A, Arshad M, Umbreen T. Medico-ethnobotanical inventory of Tehsil Chakwal, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2009;41(2): 529-38.
22. Shinwari S, Qureshi R, Baydoun E. Ethno-botanical study of Kohat Pass (Pakistan). Pak J Bot. 2011;43(SI):135-39.
23. Shinwari ZK. Medicinal plants research in Pakistan. J Med Plants Res. 2010;4(3):161-76. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2010.6849
24. Begum HA, Hamayun M. Ethno-medicinal study of medicinal plants of village Harichand, District Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Scinzer J Med. 2015;1(1): 17-25.
25. Tongco MDC. Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobot Res Applicat. 2007;5:147-58. https://doi.org/10.17348/era.5.0.147-158
26. Ali SI, Qaiser M. Flora of Pakistan. Karachi: Department of Botany, University of Karachi. (1995-2015): https://doi.org/10.2307/1554996
27. Nasir E, Ali SI. Flora of Pakistan. Nos 1-190. National Herbarium, PARC, Islamabad and Department of Botany, University of Karachi. (1970-1989): https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.57A40
28. Nasir E, Ali SI. Flora of West Pakistan and Kashmir. Pakistan Agriculture Council, Islamabad. (1971-1995).
29. IUCN. Red list categories and citreia: Version 3.1. IUCN species survival commission. IUCN. Gland Switezerland and Cambridge, UK. 2001;2:30.
30. Wariss HM, Ahmad S, Anjum S, Alam K. Ethno-botanical studies of dicotyledonous plants of Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Int J Sci. Res. 2014;3(6): 2452-60. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijsr.2014.267.274
31. Ahmad K, Pieroni A. Folk knowledge of wild food plants among the tribal communities of Thakht-e-Sulaiman hills, North-West Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2016;12(17):01-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0090-2
32. Barkatullah,Ibrar M. Plants profile of Malakand Pass hills, district Malakand, Pakistan. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10(73):16521-35. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.1258
33. Adnan M, Tariq A, Mussarat S, Begum S, Abdelsalam NM, Ullah R. Ethnogynaecological assessment of medicinal plants in Pashtun’s Tribal Society. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/196475
34. Aziz MA, Adnan M, Khan AH, Rahman AU, Jan R, Khan J. Ethno-medicinal survey of important plants practiced by indigenous community at Ladha subdivision, South Waziristan Agency, Pakistan. J Ethnobio Ethnomed. 2016;12(53):01-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0126-7
35. Aziz MA, Adnan M, Khan AH, Shahat A, Al-Said MS, Ullah R. Traditional uses of medicinal plants practised by the indigenous communities at Mohmand Agency, Fata, Pakistan. J Ethnobio Ethnomed. 2018;14(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0204-5
36. Ibrar M, Hussain F, Sultan A. Ethno-botanical studies of plant resources of Ranyal hills, District Shangla, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 2007;39(2):329-37. https://doi.org/10.1.1.544.2900
37. Qureshi SJ, Khan MA, Ahmad M. A survey of useful medicinal plants of Abbottabad in Northern Pakistan. Trakia J Sci. 2008;6(4):39-51. https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2008.03.011
38. Jain SK. Ethnobotany in modern India. Phytomorphology 2001;51(4):39-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_8578
39. Mahishi P, Srinivasa BH, Shivanna MB. Medicinal plant wealth of local communities in some villages in Shimoga District of Karnataka, India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 98(3):307–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.035
40. Jeruto P, Lukhoba C, Ouma G, Otieno D, Mutia C. An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(2): 370–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.041
41. Ahmad M, Sultana S, Fazl-I-Hadi S, Hadda TB, Rashid S, Zafar M, et al. An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants in high mountainous region of Chail valley District Swat, Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2014;10: 01-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-4269-10-36
42. Ali A, Badshah L, Hussian F. Ethnobotanical appraisal and conservation status of medicinal plants in Hindukush Range, District Swat, Pakistan. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2018.1510456
43. Hussain W, Ullah A, Hussain J, Hussain S, Shinwari ZK, Ibrar M. Ethno-medicinal plants of Tehsil Barawal Bandi Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J App Pharm Sci. 2014;4: 94-97. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2014.91101
44. Hussain W, Ullah M, Dastagir G, Badshah L. Quantitative ethnobotanical appraisal of medicinal plants used by inhabitants of Lower Kurram, Kurram Agency, Pakistan. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2018;8(4):313-29. https://doi.org/10.22038/ajp.2018.20910.1792
45. Ali F, Khan I, Ullah S, Ihsan M, Abdullah A. Traditional uses of wild medicinally important plants of Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunhkwa, Pakistan. Int J Phytomed. 2017;9(3):471-78. https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2092
46. Giday M, Asfaw Z, Elmqvist T, Woldu Z. An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants used by the Zay people in Ethiopia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;85(1): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00359-8
47. Guarrera PM, Forti G, Marignoli S. Ethno-botanical and ethnomedicinal uses of plants in the District of Acquapendente (Latium, Central Italy). J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;96(3):429–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.014
48. Hamayun M. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants of Swat Valley, Pakistan. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2007;6(4):636–41. https://doi.org/10.1300/j044v12n04_02
49. Hong L, Guo Z, Huang K, Wei S, Liu B, Meng S, et al. Ethno-botanical study on medicinal plants used by Maonan people in China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2015;11(32):01-34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0019-1
50. Corlett RT, Westcott DA. Will plant movements keep up with climate change? Trends Ecol Evol. 2013;28(8):482-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.04.003
51. Steege HT, Pitman NCA, Killeen TJ, Luarance WF, Peres CA, Guevar JE. Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species. Sci Adv. 2015;1(10): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-015-40101
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01-01-2020
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Ullah S, Badshah L, Ali A, Muhammad N. Quantitative assessment and status of ethnomedicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2020 Jan. 1 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];7(1):17-22. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/625
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