Medicinal plants with preventive and therapeutic effect on diarrhoea: A cross-sectional epidemiologic and ethnobotanical study in traditional therapists of Shahrekord, south-west of Iran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.4.628Keywords:
Medicinal plants, diarrhoea, traditional medicine, IranAbstract
Chemical treatments for diarrhoea usually lead to side effects, so humans are seeking out a safe pharmaceutical source to cure them. From ancient times, medicinal plants have served as an important pharmaceutical source for the treatment of various acute and chronic diseases and infectious and non-infectious diseases. This study was carried out from April 2017 to February 2018 by interviewing with and administering a questionnaires to 29 traditional therapists. The questionnaire also included demographic items. The interviewers referred to the participants in person and asked them certain questions to elicit their beliefs about herbal medicine. Data were finally analyzed by the Excel software. In this study, the frequency of plant use was calculated by using a formula. According to the ethnobotanical knowledge of the region under study, Astragalus hamosus L., Ziziphora taurica M.Bieb., Anthemis hyalina DC., Plantago major L., Quercus brantii Lindl., Myrtus communis L., Satureja bachtiarica Bung., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Peganum harmala L., Rheum ribes L., Rumex pulcher L., Artemisia absinthium, Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantle., Plantago major L. and some others medicinal plants are used as antidiarrhoeal medicinal plants. Most plant species reported belong to the Asteraceae family and the aerial part (36%) is the most frequently used plant organ for cases of diarrhoea in Shahrekord. The scientific registration and review of the written and non-written knowledge of different ethnicities in Iran regarding traditional medicine will help preserve the valuable treasure of thousands of years of Iranians’ medical knowledge and experience and will provide the basis for the discovery of new drugs and the progress of the pharmaceutical industry.
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References
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9. Kheirollahi A, Hasanvand A, Abbaszadeh S, Moghadasi M. Pathophysiology and Urinary System Cancer: An Overview of the most important Herbal Plants and Natural Antioxidants on Kidney and Bladder Disorders. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019;12(2):972-80. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00161.6
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11. Rafieian-kopaei M, Shakiba A, Sedighi M, Bahmani M. The Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Linum usitatissimum in Balb/c Mice. J Evidence-Based Complemen Altern Med 2017; 22(4): 892-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587217717416
12. Froushani SMA, Zarei L, Ghaleh HEG, Motlagh BM. Estragole and methyl-eugenol-free extract of Artemisia dracunculus possesses immunomodulatory effects. Avicenna J Phytomed 2016; 6(5): 526-34.
13. Abbasi N, Azizi Jalilian F, Abdi M, Saifmanesh M. A comparative study of the antimicrobial effect of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Extract and selective antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Pesudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Plants. 2007;6(1): 10-18,69.
14. Bahmani M, Khaksarian M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Abbasi N. Overview of the therapeutic effects of Origanum vulgare and hypericum perforatum based on Iran’s ethnopharmacological documents. J Clin Diagn Res. 2018;12:1-4. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2018/34177.11728
15. Shokri Z, Khoshbin M, Koohpayeh A, Abbasi N, Bahmani F, Rafieian-Kopaei, M, Beyranvand F. Thyroid diseases: Pathophysiology and new hopes in treatment with medicinal plants and natural antioxidants. Int J Green Pharmacy. 2018; 12(3): 473-82.
16. Abbasi N, Mohammadpour S, Karimi E, Aidy A, Karimi P, Azizi M, Asadollahi K. Protective effects of smyrnium cordifolium boiss essential oil on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice: Involvement of benzodiazepine and opioid antagonists. J Biolog Regul Homeos Agents. 2017; 31(3):683-89.
17. Tajbakhsh M, Karimi A, Tohidpour A, Abbasi N, Fallah F, Akhavan MM.The antimicrobial potential of a new derivative of cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol. 2018; 56(2):128-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7444-5
18. Bahmani M, Taherikalani M, Khaksarian M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Ashrafi B, Nazer M et al., The synergistic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum and their active components carvacrol and hypericin against Staphylococcus aureus. Future Sci OA. 2019; 31;5(3):FSO371. doi: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0096. eCollection 2019 Mar.https://doi.org/10.4155/fsoa-2018-0096
19. David M, Ain Qu, Ahmad M, Zaman W, Jahan S. 2019. A biochemical and histological approach to study antifertility effects of methanol leaf extract of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. in adult male rats. Andrologia 51, e13262.https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13262
20. Zaman W, Shah SN, Ullah F, Ayaz A, Ahmad M, Ali A. Systematic approach to the correct identification of Asplenium dalhousiae (Aspleniaceae) with their medicinal uses. Microsc Res Tech. 2019; 82, 459-65.https://doi.org10.1002/jemt.23189
21. Zeb S, Ali A, Zaman W, Zeb S, Ali S, Ullah F, Shakoor A. Pharmacology, Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the genus Artemisia specifically from Pakistan: a comprehensive review. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Res. 2017; 1-10.https://doi.org10.18502/pbr.v4i4.543
22. Ullah F, Shah SN, Zaman W, Ali C, Gul S, Saqib S, Ali A. Traditional knowledge of medicinal herbs among indigenous communities in Maidan Valley, Lower Dir, Pakistan. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci. 2018; 7: 1-23.
23. Zaman W, M. Ahmad M, Zafar H, Amina Lubna F. Ullah S. Bahadur A. Ayaz S, Saqib N, Begum S, Jahan S. The quest for some novel antifertility herbals used as male contraceptives in district Shangla, Pakistan. Acta Ecolog Sinica. 2019;1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.05.017
24. Anbari K, Firouzi M, Abbaszadeh S. Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases: A promising complementary medicine resource for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and diseases. J Pharmacy Pharmacog Res. 2019; 7(3): 193-99.
25. Nazer MR, Abbaszadeh S, Anbari K, Shams M. A review of the most important medicinal herbs affecting giardiasis. J HerbMed Pharmacol. 2019; 8(2): 78-84. https://doi.org/10.15171/jhp.2019.13
26. Anbari KH, Hasanvand A, Nosrati Andevari A, Moghadasi M, Abbaszadeh S. Concise overview: A review on natural antioxidants and important herbal plants on gastrointestinal System. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019; 12(2): https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00145.8
27. Ashfaq S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Bahadur S, Ullah F, Zaman W, Ahmed SN, Nazish M. Foliar micromorphology of Convolvulaceous species with special emphasis on trichome diversity from the arid zone of Pakistan. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Funct Ecol Plants. 2019; 255: 110-24.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.04.007
28. Attar F, Esfandani-Bozchaloyi S, Mirtadzadini M, Ullah F, Zaman W. Foliar and stem epidermal anatomy of the tribe Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech. 2019; 82: 786-802. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23223
29. 29. Gul S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Bahadur S, Celep F, Sultana S, Ayaz A. Taxonomic significance of foliar epidermal morphology in Lamiaceae from Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech. 2019; 1-22.https://doi.org10.1002/jemt.23316
30. Esfandani-Bozchaloyi S, Zaman W, Taxonomic significance of macro and micro-morphology of Geranium L. species Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 2018; 81: 1520-32.https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23159
31. Ullah F, Nasar Shah S, Zaman W, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Ayaz A, Sohail A, Saqib S. Using palynomorphological characteristics for the identification of species of Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae): a systematic approach. Grana. 2019; 58: 174-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2019.1569719
32. 32. Mengistu G, Engidawork E, Nedi T. Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Lantana camara linn (Verbenaceae) in mice. Ethio Pharm J. 2015; 31: 107–21. https://doi.org/10.4314/epj.v31i2.3
33. Kirimuhuzya C, Waako P, Joloba M, Odeyek O. The anti-mycobacterial activity of Lantana camara a plant traditionally used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis in South-western Uganda. Afri Health Sci. 2009; 9:40–45.
34. Ghodake PP, Kulkarni AS, Aloorkar NH, Osmani RA, Bhosale RR, Harkare BR, et al. In-vitro Antispasmodic Activity Analysis of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Lantana camara Linn. on Excised Rat Ileum. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2013; 2(3):66–71.
35. Bakare RI, Magbagbeola OA, Akinwande AI, Okunowo OW, Green M. Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Momordica charantia in rats J. Pharmacogn Phytother. 2011; 3(1):1–7.
2. Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2003; 81 (3): 19- 204.
3. Santosham M, Keenan EM, Tulloch J, Broun D, Glass R. Oral rehydration therapy for diarrhoea: an example of reverse transfer of technology. Pediatrics 1997; 100(5): 10. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.100.5.e10
4. Snyder JD, Merson MH. The magnitude of the global problem of acute diarrhoeal disease: a review of active surveillance data. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1982; 60 (4): 605-13.
5. Cheng AC, Ferguson JK, Richards MJ, Robson JM, Gilbert GL, McGregor A, Roberts S, Korman TM, Riley TV. Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Med J Aust. 2011;194: 353–58.
6. Zimmerman CM, Bresee JS, Parashar UD, Riggs TL, Holman RC, Glass RI. Cost of diarrhoea associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits in an insured population of young children in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001; 20: 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200101000-00004
7. Ghanadi K, Hasanvand A, Abbaszadeh S, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Suhan T. Phytotherapy: An anti-hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective approach in chemotherapy. Plant Sci Today. 2019;6(2):114-22. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.514
8. Anbari K, Hasanvand A, Andevari AN, Abbaszadeh S. Concise overview: A review on natural antioxidants and important herbal plants on gastrointestinal System. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019;12(2):841-47. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00145.8
9. Kheirollahi A, Hasanvand A, Abbaszadeh S, Moghadasi M. Pathophysiology and Urinary System Cancer: An Overview of the most important Herbal Plants and Natural Antioxidants on Kidney and Bladder Disorders. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019;12(2):972-80. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00161.6
10. 10. Nejad ASM, Bahmani M, Shah NA, Shah SA, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Beliefs of herbal therapies of the community of the Ilam city of Ilam province, Iran. J Pharmacy Pharmacog Res 2018; 6(4): 299-317.
11. Rafieian-kopaei M, Shakiba A, Sedighi M, Bahmani M. The Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Linum usitatissimum in Balb/c Mice. J Evidence-Based Complemen Altern Med 2017; 22(4): 892-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587217717416
12. Froushani SMA, Zarei L, Ghaleh HEG, Motlagh BM. Estragole and methyl-eugenol-free extract of Artemisia dracunculus possesses immunomodulatory effects. Avicenna J Phytomed 2016; 6(5): 526-34.
13. Abbasi N, Azizi Jalilian F, Abdi M, Saifmanesh M. A comparative study of the antimicrobial effect of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Extract and selective antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Pesudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Plants. 2007;6(1): 10-18,69.
14. Bahmani M, Khaksarian M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Abbasi N. Overview of the therapeutic effects of Origanum vulgare and hypericum perforatum based on Iran’s ethnopharmacological documents. J Clin Diagn Res. 2018;12:1-4. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2018/34177.11728
15. Shokri Z, Khoshbin M, Koohpayeh A, Abbasi N, Bahmani F, Rafieian-Kopaei, M, Beyranvand F. Thyroid diseases: Pathophysiology and new hopes in treatment with medicinal plants and natural antioxidants. Int J Green Pharmacy. 2018; 12(3): 473-82.
16. Abbasi N, Mohammadpour S, Karimi E, Aidy A, Karimi P, Azizi M, Asadollahi K. Protective effects of smyrnium cordifolium boiss essential oil on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice: Involvement of benzodiazepine and opioid antagonists. J Biolog Regul Homeos Agents. 2017; 31(3):683-89.
17. Tajbakhsh M, Karimi A, Tohidpour A, Abbasi N, Fallah F, Akhavan MM.The antimicrobial potential of a new derivative of cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol. 2018; 56(2):128-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7444-5
18. Bahmani M, Taherikalani M, Khaksarian M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Ashrafi B, Nazer M et al., The synergistic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum and their active components carvacrol and hypericin against Staphylococcus aureus. Future Sci OA. 2019; 31;5(3):FSO371. doi: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0096. eCollection 2019 Mar.https://doi.org/10.4155/fsoa-2018-0096
19. David M, Ain Qu, Ahmad M, Zaman W, Jahan S. 2019. A biochemical and histological approach to study antifertility effects of methanol leaf extract of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. in adult male rats. Andrologia 51, e13262.https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13262
20. Zaman W, Shah SN, Ullah F, Ayaz A, Ahmad M, Ali A. Systematic approach to the correct identification of Asplenium dalhousiae (Aspleniaceae) with their medicinal uses. Microsc Res Tech. 2019; 82, 459-65.https://doi.org10.1002/jemt.23189
21. Zeb S, Ali A, Zaman W, Zeb S, Ali S, Ullah F, Shakoor A. Pharmacology, Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the genus Artemisia specifically from Pakistan: a comprehensive review. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Res. 2017; 1-10.https://doi.org10.18502/pbr.v4i4.543
22. Ullah F, Shah SN, Zaman W, Ali C, Gul S, Saqib S, Ali A. Traditional knowledge of medicinal herbs among indigenous communities in Maidan Valley, Lower Dir, Pakistan. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci. 2018; 7: 1-23.
23. Zaman W, M. Ahmad M, Zafar H, Amina Lubna F. Ullah S. Bahadur A. Ayaz S, Saqib N, Begum S, Jahan S. The quest for some novel antifertility herbals used as male contraceptives in district Shangla, Pakistan. Acta Ecolog Sinica. 2019;1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.05.017
24. Anbari K, Firouzi M, Abbaszadeh S. Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases: A promising complementary medicine resource for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and diseases. J Pharmacy Pharmacog Res. 2019; 7(3): 193-99.
25. Nazer MR, Abbaszadeh S, Anbari K, Shams M. A review of the most important medicinal herbs affecting giardiasis. J HerbMed Pharmacol. 2019; 8(2): 78-84. https://doi.org/10.15171/jhp.2019.13
26. Anbari KH, Hasanvand A, Nosrati Andevari A, Moghadasi M, Abbaszadeh S. Concise overview: A review on natural antioxidants and important herbal plants on gastrointestinal System. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019; 12(2): https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00145.8
27. Ashfaq S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Bahadur S, Ullah F, Zaman W, Ahmed SN, Nazish M. Foliar micromorphology of Convolvulaceous species with special emphasis on trichome diversity from the arid zone of Pakistan. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Funct Ecol Plants. 2019; 255: 110-24.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.04.007
28. Attar F, Esfandani-Bozchaloyi S, Mirtadzadini M, Ullah F, Zaman W. Foliar and stem epidermal anatomy of the tribe Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech. 2019; 82: 786-802. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23223
29. 29. Gul S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Bahadur S, Celep F, Sultana S, Ayaz A. Taxonomic significance of foliar epidermal morphology in Lamiaceae from Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech. 2019; 1-22.https://doi.org10.1002/jemt.23316
30. Esfandani-Bozchaloyi S, Zaman W, Taxonomic significance of macro and micro-morphology of Geranium L. species Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 2018; 81: 1520-32.https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23159
31. Ullah F, Nasar Shah S, Zaman W, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Ayaz A, Sohail A, Saqib S. Using palynomorphological characteristics for the identification of species of Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae): a systematic approach. Grana. 2019; 58: 174-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2019.1569719
32. 32. Mengistu G, Engidawork E, Nedi T. Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Lantana camara linn (Verbenaceae) in mice. Ethio Pharm J. 2015; 31: 107–21. https://doi.org/10.4314/epj.v31i2.3
33. Kirimuhuzya C, Waako P, Joloba M, Odeyek O. The anti-mycobacterial activity of Lantana camara a plant traditionally used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis in South-western Uganda. Afri Health Sci. 2009; 9:40–45.
34. Ghodake PP, Kulkarni AS, Aloorkar NH, Osmani RA, Bhosale RR, Harkare BR, et al. In-vitro Antispasmodic Activity Analysis of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Lantana camara Linn. on Excised Rat Ileum. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2013; 2(3):66–71.
35. Bakare RI, Magbagbeola OA, Akinwande AI, Okunowo OW, Green M. Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Momordica charantia in rats J. Pharmacogn Phytother. 2011; 3(1):1–7.
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13-10-2019
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Anbari K, Abbaszadeh S, Basati G. Medicinal plants with preventive and therapeutic effect on diarrhoea: A cross-sectional epidemiologic and ethnobotanical study in traditional therapists of Shahrekord, south-west of Iran. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2019 Oct. 13 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];6(4):512-7. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/628
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