Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Early Access

Detection of seed-borne pathogens in sesame and their management through seed biopriming

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6736
Submitted
16 December 2024
Published
10-03-2025
Versions

Abstract

Sesame is a significant oilseed crop cultivated extensively in the tropical and subtropical areas of India. Seed-borne pathogens are the most important biological constraints in seed production worldwide. Seed health testing to detect seed-borne pathogens is an important step in the management of crop diseases. In addition, it is also essential to adopt environmentally friendly strategy for preventing and managing seed-borne diseases. The main objectives of the present investigation including testing the seed health status of different sesame seed samples, evaluation the seed health testing methods, and assessing the efficacy of different biological agents against seed-borne pathogens and seed quality in sesame through seed biopriming and dry seed treatment. To find the mycoflora that was positively correlated with seeds, samples of sesame seeds were collected from farmers, research stations, and seed production plots. According to the findings, the most common types of fungi that are associated with sesame seeds are Macrophomina phseolina, Alternaria sesami, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp., Curvularia sp., and Fusarium sp. Among the seed-borne fungi, the infection of M. phaseolina was observed highest in most of the sesame seed samples followed by A. sesami, A. flavus and A. niger. Various techniques used to detect seed mycoflora, the blotter technique was the most efficient method, with a maximum recovery of 45.1 %, followed by the potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate method (35.2 %), while the minimum recovery was observed in deep freezing blotter method (16.4 %). However, the detection of seed- borne pathogens of significance like A. sesami and Macrophomina M. phseolina  was best in PDA plate method (9.82 and 14.2 %) followed by standard blotter method (7.9 and 11.8 %). Among the different bioprimed seeds individually and in combination, Bacillus subtilis (1%) alone primed seeds recorded lesser seed infection (0.66 %) and higher germination per cent (92 %) and seedling vigour (1186). When compared to dry seed treatment, sesame seeds primed with biocontrol agents generally showed lower seed infection (%) and higher seed quality parameters. The findings revealed the presence of several mycoflora in all sesame seed samples, and these seed mycoflora can be detected effectively by the standard blotter paper method and the PDA plate method. Furthermore, the biopriming technique has the potential to mitigate the detrimental impact of these microbes, thereby improving seed quality characteristics.

References

  1. Bedigian D, Harlan JR. Evidence for cultivation of sesame in the ancient world. Econo Bot. 1986;40:137?54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02859136
  2. Vishunavat K, Prabakar K, Anand T. Seed health: Testing and management. In: Dadlani M, Yadava DK, editors. Seed science and technology-biology, production, quality. Singapore:Springer; 2023 p. 335?64. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_14
  3. Islam SM, Masum MM, Fakir MG. Prevalence of seed-borne fungi in sorghum of different locations of Bangladesh. Sci Res Essay. 2009;4(3):175?79. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268485993
  4. Vaidehi B. Seed mycoflora of sunflower-a perspective. Front in Microb Biotechno and Plant Pathol, India:Scientific Publishers; 2002. p. 25?40. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:82919976
  5. Ghangaokar NM, Kshirsagar AD. Study of seed-borne fungi of different legumes. Trends Life Sci. 2013;2(1):32?35. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255522645
  6. Kumar K, Singh J, Saksena H. Fungi associated with sesamum seeds, their nature and control. Indian Phytopathol. 1984;37:330?32. 10.3923/pjbs.2004.243.245
  7. ISTA. International Rules for Seed Testing. Richtiarkade 18 CH-8304 Wallisellen; 2013https://www.seedtest.org/en/international-rules-for-seed-testing-rubric-3.html
  8. Radha P, Chattannavar S. Evaluation of seed health testing methods for Alternaria sesami causing leaf spot of sesame. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017;6(10):2405?10. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.283
  9. Altaf NA, Khan SA, Ahmad MA, Asghar RA, Ahmed RA, Shaheen SS, et al. Seed-borne mycoflora of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and their effect on germination and seedling. Pak J Biol Sci. 2004;7:243?45. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.243.245
  10. Pravallika LP, Bhattiprolu SL, Radhika K, Raghavendra M. Standardization of detection methods for seed-borne fungi in sesame. Int J Chem Stud. 2018;6(5):243?45. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340351332
  11. Shenge KC, Mabagala RB, Mortensen CN. Evaluation of locally available tomato varieties and introductions for resistance to bacterial speck and bacterial spot diseases in Tanzania. J Plant Prot Res. 2007;47(2):103?11. https://journals.pan.pl/Content/118461/PDF/103-111
  12. Reddy PP. Bio-priming of seeds. In: Reddy PP, editor. Recent advances in crop protection. New Delhi:Springer; 2012. p. 83?90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0723-8
  13. Pawar K, Mishra S, Singh R. Efficacy of bioagents and fungicides against seed-borne fungi of soybean. Ann Plant Soil Res. 2015;17(1):77?81. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85935568
  14. Pravallika LP, Bhattiprolu SL, Radhika K, Raghavendra M. Efficacy of fungicides, biocontrol agents and botanicals against Alternaria leaf blight (Alternaria sesami) in sesame. J Res ANGRAU. 2023;51(3)36?44. https://doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2023.51.3.05
  15. Ibrahim EA. Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. J Plant Physiol. 2016;192:38?46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.011
  16. Marthandan V, Geetha R, Kumutha K, Renganathan VG, Karthikeyan A, Ramalingam J. Seed priming: A feasible strategy to enhance drought tolerance in crop plants. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(21):8258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218258.
  17. Sarkar D, Pal S, Mehjabeen M, Singh V, Singh S, Pul S, et al. Addressing stresses in agriculture through bio-priming intervention. In: Rakshit A, Singh HB, editors. Advances in seed priming. Singapore:Springer; 2018. p. 107?13. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0032-5_7
  18. El-Mohamedy R, Alla AM, Badiaa R. Soil amendment and seed bio-priming treatments as alternative fungicides for controlling root rot diseases on cowpea plants in Nobaria Province. Res J Agric Biol Sci. 2006;2(6):391?98. http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/rjabs/rjabs/2006/391-398.pdf
  19. Doyer LC. Manual for the determination of seed-borne diseases.Wageningen, Netherlans: ISTA; 1938. p. 59 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL17898254M
  20. Khare MN. Methods to test seeds for associated fungi. Indian Phytopathol. 2002;49(4):319?28. Available from: https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IPPJ/article/view/20151/10265
  21. Abdul?Baki AA, Anderson JD. Vigour determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Sci. 1973;13(6):630?33. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x.
  22. Radha P, Papireddy M, Madhu B, Nagaraja H, Gowda A, Jyothi G, et al. Collection of seed samples from different sesame growing districts of Northern Karnataka and initial seed health testing by standard blotter method. Trends Biosci. 2015;8(9):2359?71. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231212882
  23. Haider Z, Asghar R, Nazir S, Mustafa M, Razzaq A, Raze N, et al. Detection and identification of seed association fungi of sesame (Sesamum indicum) during storage and their management. Int J Biol Res. 2020;3:50?60.
  24. Gawarkar SV, Patil MJ, Pawar VD, Matte AD. Detection of mycoflora of sesamum seed (Sesamum indicum L.). Pharma Innov. 2022;11(12):900?03.
  25. https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2022/vol11issue12/PartL/11-11-368-752.pdf
  26. Indra N. Studies on the detection, location and transmission of seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid causing charcoal rot disease in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties of Tamil Nadu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2020;9(6):1812?16. https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2020/vol9issue6/PartZ/9-6-106-884.pdf
  27. Bhale U, Bhale M, Pandey B, Pandey R. Seed-borne fungi of chilli in Madhya Pradesh and their significance. J Mycopathol Res. 2000;38(2):117?20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2013.4.4.370.374
  28. Nagaraja O, Krishnappa M. Detection of seed borne fungi and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed quality. Seed Res. 2011;39(2):176?82.
  29. Nagaraja O, Krishnappa M, Sathisha AM. Seed mycoflora associated with castor, Ricinus communis L. and their effect on germination. J Oilseed Res. 2009;26(2):177?80. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jor1&volume=26&issue=2&article=028&type=pdf
  30. Pushpavathi B, Rajender J, Reddy NP. Detection of seed mycoflora of safflower. J Oil Seeds Res. 2012;29:364?67.
  31. Indira D, Nath PS, Mondal R. Efficacy of different seed health testing methods for detection of seed-borne fungal infection of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). J Mycopathol Res. 2023;61(4):567?70. https://doi.org/10.57023/JMycR.61.4.2023.567
  32. Begum M, Sariah M, Puteh A, Abidin MZ, Rahman M, Siddiqui Y. Field performance of bio-primed seeds to suppress Colletotrichum truncatum causing damping-off and seedling stand of soybean. Biol Control. 2010;53(1):18?23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.12.001
  33. Sharma P, Bhatt A, Jyoti B. Effect of seed bio-priming with microbial inoculants on plant growth, yield and yield contributing characters in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril]. Int J Econ Plants. 2018;5(2):053?058. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/IJEP/2018.5.2.0214
  34. Yadav SK, Dave A, Sarkar A, Singh HB, Sarma BK. Co-inoculated biopriming with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium improves crop growth in Cicer arietinum and Phaseolus vulgaris. Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol. 2013;6(2):255?59. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263656771
  35. Kumar M, Patel JS, Kumar G, Sarkar A, Singh HB, Sarma BK. Studies on Pseudomonas and Trichoderma-mediated root exudation pattern in chickpea against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. J Agr Sci Tech. 2017;19(4):969?78. http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6176-en.html

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.