Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)

Response of indigenous low-cost smart fertigation system on yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7052
Submitted
3 January 2025
Published
22-04-2025 — Updated on 26-07-2025
Versions

Abstract

The precise application of nutrients and water in groundnuts ensures optimal plant growth, enhances yield and quality and minimizes resource wastage. This approach promotes sustainable farming by enhancing nutrient use efficiency and conserving water. Field experiments were conducted in two locations to evaluate the effectiveness of automated drip irrigation and a low-cost smart drip fertigation system on groundnut growth, yield and quality. The study was conducted at two locations: (i) a farmer's field in Kanjipatti village, Kalaiyarkoil block, Sivagangai district during the rabi 2023 season and (ii) the central farm at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai district, during summer 2024 in Tamil Nadu. Field trials were conducted using a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments consisted of three drip irrigation methods, namely, conventional drip irrigation (M1), time-based automated drip irrigation (M2) and sensor-based automated drip irrigation (M3), whereas five drip fertigation treatments, viz., fertigation of 75 % RDF (F1), fertigation of 100 % RDF (F2), STCR based drip fertigation (F3), Sensor-based fertigation at 75 % NPK Level (F4) and Sensor based fertigation at 100 % NPK Level (F5) were imposed in the subplot. Significantly higher yield attributes, yield and quality parameters were recorded in the treatment with sensor-based automated drip irrigation combined with sensor-based fertigation at 100 % NPK Level (M3F5). Implementing sensor-based automated drip fertigation to groundnut cultivation enhanced yield and reduced water and fertilizer inputs while improving groundnut quality.

References

  1. 1. Indiastat. Season-wise area, production and productivity of groundnut in India (1949–1950 to 2021–2022 - 3rd advance estimates). 2022 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://www.indiastat.com/table/agriculture/season-wise-area-production-productivity-groundnut/17354#
  2. 2. Zafar U, Arshad M, Masud Cheema MJ, Ahmad R. Sensor-based drip irrigation to enhance crop yield and water productivity in a semi-arid climatic region of Pakistan. Pak J Agric Sci. 2020;57(5). https://doi.org/10.21162/PAKJAS/20.83
  3. 3. Kang Y, Wang F, Liu H, Yuan B. Potato evapotranspiration and yield under different drip irrigation regimes. Irrig Sci. 2004;23(3):133–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-004-0101-2
  4. 4. Ibragimov N, Evett SR, Esanbekov Y, Kamilov BS, Mirzaev L, Lamers JP. Water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in Uzbekistan under drip and furrow irrigation. Agric Water Manag. 2007;90(1-2):112–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.01.016
  5. 5. Upadhyaya A. Water management technologies in agriculture: Challenges and opportunities. J AgriSearch. 2015;2(1). https://doi.org/10.5555/20173303996
  6. 6. Nagarajan K, Ramanathan SP, Thiyagarajan G, Panneerselvam S. Optimization of irrigation scheduling under different types of automated drip irrigation systems for tomato. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2020;9(7):3315–19. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.907.387
  7. 7. Priyan K, Panchal R. Micro-irrigation: An efficient technology for India's sustainable agricultural growth. Kalpa Publ Civ Eng. 2017;1:398–402. https://doi.org/10.29007/gbzv
  8. 8. Jat RA, Reddy KK, Solanki R, Choudhary RR, Sarkar SK. Optimum plant stand and nutrient doses for summer groundnut under check basin irrigation and drip fertigation in light black soils of peninsular western India. J Plant Nutr. 2020;43(8):1154–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1724303
  9. 9. Patel N, Rajput TBS. Effect of fertigation on growth and yield of onion. Micro Irrig. CBIP Publ. 2000;282:451–54.
  10. 10. Zubair AR, Adebiyi T. Development of an IoT-based automatic fertigation system. J Agric Sci Technol. 2022;21(3):4–21. https://doi.org/10.4314/jagst.v21i3.2
  11. 11. CPG. Crop Production Guide (CPG) [internet]. Coimbatore: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. 2020 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: https://tnau.ac.in/site/research/wp-content/uploads/sites/60/2020/02/Agriculture-CPG-2020.pdf
  12. 12. Sadasivam S, Manickam A. Peroxidase. Methods in Biochemistry. New Delhi: New Age International; 1996. p. 108–10.
  13. 13. Humphries EC. Mineral components and ash analysis. In: Paech K, Tracey MV, editors. Moderne Methoden der Pflanzenanalyse/Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 1956. p. 468–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25300-7_17
  14. 14. Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Wiley & Sons; 1984.
  15. 15. Kotadiya RH, Parmar PM, Poonia TC, Patel DJ, Kacchiyapatel KA. A comprehensive review of irrigation systems utilizing sensor technology. Int J Plant Soil Sci. 2024;36(9):334–43. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i94983
  16. 16. Bahadur A, Singh J. Optimization of tensiometer-based drip irrigation scheduling and its effect on growth, yield and water use efficiency in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Agric Res. 2021;10:675–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-020-00529-5
  17. 17. Soni JK, Raja NA, Kumar V. Improving productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under drip and micro-sprinkler fertigation system. Legume Res. 2019;42(1):90–95. https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-3851
  18. 18. Ningoji SN, Thimmegowda MN, Mudalagiriyappa, Vasanthi BG, Sanam T, Shivaramu HS. Influence of automated sensor-based irrigation and fertigation on fruit yield, nutrient utilization and economics of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.). Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2023;54(15):2126–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2023.2211608
  19. 19. Rank HD. Summer groundnut crop performance and economics under micro-sprinkler irrigation at various water application levels. Legume Res. 2007;30(4):261–65.
  20. 20. Vijayalakshmi R, Veerabadran V, Shanmugasundram K, Kumar V. Micro-sprinkler irrigation, fertigation and land configuration as a best management technology package for groundnut. In: 8th International Micro Irrigation Congress: Innovation in Technology and Management of Micro-irrigation for Crop Production Enhancement; 2011; Tehran, Iran. p. 200–7.
  21. 21. Ahmadian K, Jalilian J, Pirzad A. Nano-fertilizers improved drought tolerance in wheat under deficit irrigation. Agric Water Manag. 2021;244:106544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106544
  22. 22. Sun Y, Zhou H, Sun Y, Wu Q, Chen H, Chi D. The application of nano-clinoptilolite-based nitrogen fertilizer mixed with urea promotes nitrogen balance and enhances economic and ecological benefits in paddy fields. J Clean Prod. 2024;453:142257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.142257
  23. 23. Jayakumar A, Solaimalai A, Baskar K. A critical review on the role of biofertilizers in enhancing the productivity of oilseed crops. J Oilseeds Res. 2021;38(3):226–39. https://doi.org/10.56739/jor.v38i3.137140
  24. 24. Jain NK, Yadav RS, Jat RA. Productivity, profitability, enzyme activities and nutrient balance in summer peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by NPK drip fertigation. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2021;52(5):443–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1854287
  25. 25. Kumar S, Singh J, Kumawat P. Effect of irrigation schedule and fertigation level on soil microbial population of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard cv. Nagpur Mandarin. Biol Forum. 2022;14(2):350–54.
  26. 26. Kumar V, Raha P, Ram S. Effect of irrigation schedule and amino acid biostimulants on soil enzyme activities in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;7(4):1912–20. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.219
  27. 27. Kuster E, Williams SST. Selection of media for isolation of Streptomyces. Nature. 1964;202:928–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/202928a0
  28. 28. Martin JP. Use of acid rose-bengal and streptomycin in plate method for estimating soil fungi. Soil Sci. 1950;69:215–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-195003000-00006
  29. 29. Hireholi G, Patil DH, Rathod PS, Manjunatha N, Ananda N. Optimizing irrigation scheduling to enhance nutrient uptake and soil microbial activity in linseed cultivation (Linum usitatissimum L.). Microbiol Res J Int. 2024;34(11):29–37. https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i111496
  30. 30. Yang X, Zhang L, Liu X. Optimizing water-fertilizer integration with drip irrigation management to improve crop yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency: a meta-analysis study. Sci Hortic. 2024;338:113653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.113653
  31. 31. Mote K, Codandabani B, Gokavi N, Nagappa C, Madarakallu G, Gouda R, et al. Influence of fertigation on soil-plant nutrition and crop productivity of shade-grown Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) in India. J Plant Nutr. 2024;47(19):3411–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2024.2327896
  32. 32. Jain NK, Meena HN. Improving productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) using water-soluble fertilizer through drip irrigation. Indian J Agron. 2015;60(1):109–15. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v60i1.4423
  33. 33. Srijita Paul S, Mudalagiriyappa M, Ramachandrappa BK, Nagaraju N, Basavaraja PK. Yield attributes, yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by nutrient management with water-soluble and normal fertilizers. Mysore J Agri Sci. 2016;50(1):67–72.https://doi.org/10.5555/20163364398

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.