Assessment of exogenous application of plant growth regulators on Cress seed germination and ?-Galactosidase activity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.2.743Keywords:
acclimation, development, enzyme production, Lepidium sativum, protein contentAbstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) were involved in several types of abiotic stress responses by means of improving seed germination and modifying the growth and development of medicinally important Lepidium sativum via alleviating the negative effects of abiotic stresses. Therefore, the present research was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenous application of PGRson seed germination, protein content and ?-galactosidase activity of L. sativum. Germination of L. sativum seeds was monitored for a short interval after the start of incubation until growth became 100%. While cytokinin treatment showed a positive effect on seed germination more than Gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA) produced a higher negative effect than auxins. Quantifying changes in total protein content during seed germination as influenced by PGRs revealed that all PGRs have to exert a positive effect arranged in the following order: SA ? auxin ? cytokinin ? GA. Parallel to changes in germination percentage and total protein content of seed, a negative effect was attainedon ?-galactosidase specific activity in response to PGRs with the following arrangement: SA ? auxin ? cytokinin ? GA.In conclusion, the present study proposed the potential importance of the type and magnitude of exogenously applied PGRs during the germination of easily or even more difficult-to-germinate seeds.
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References
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21. Ge W, Steber CM. Positive and negative regulation of seed germination by the Arabidopsis GA hormone receptors, GID 1a, b, and c. Plant Direct. 2018;2(9):e00083. https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.83
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29. Bakrim A, Lamhamdi M, Sayah F, Chib F. Effects of plant hormones and 20-hydroxyecdysone on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) seed germination and seedlings growth. Afr J Biotechnol. 2007;6(24):2792–02
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31. Dean GH, Zheng H, Tewari J, Huang J, Young DS, Hwang YT, et al. The Arabidopsis MUM2 gene encodes a ? -galactosidase required for the production of seed coat mucilage with correct hydration properties. Plant Cell. 2007;19:4007–21. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.050609
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40. Guan C, Wang X, Feng J, Hong S, Liang Y, Ren B, Zuo J. Cytokinin antagonizes abscisic acid-mediated inhibition of cotyledon greening by promoting the degradation of abscisic acid insensitive5 protein in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2014;164(3):1515–26. ?https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.234740
41. Me´traux JP, Signer H, Ryals J, Ward E, Wyss-Benz M, Gaudin J, et al. Increase in salicylic acid at the onset of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber. Science. 1990;250:1004–06. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4983.1004
42. Rajjou L, Belghazi M, Huguet R, Robin C, Moreau A, Job C, et al. Proteomic investigation of the effect of salicylic acid on Arabidopsis seed germination and establishment of early defense mechanisms. Plant Physiol. 2006;141(3):910–23. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.082057
43. Guan L, Scandalios JG. Developmentally related responses of maize catalase genes to salicylic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92(13):5930–34. https://doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.92.13.5930
44. Lamichaney A, Kumar V, Katiyar PK. Effect of seed priming induced metabolic changes on Germination and field emergence of chickpea. J Environ Biol. 2018;39(4):522–28. http://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/39/4/MRN-688
45. Xie Z, Zhang ZL, Hanzlik S, Cook E, Shen QJ. Salicylic acid inhibits gibberellin-induced alpha-amylase expression and seed germination via a pathway involving an abscisic-acid inducible WRKY gene. Plant Mol Biol. 2007;64:293–03. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-007-9152-0
46. Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP, Murr DP, Watkins CB. Influence of salicylic acid on H2O2 production, oxidative stress and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes (salicylic acid-mediated oxidative damage requires H2O2). Plant Physiol. 1997;115(1):137–49.
2. Singh CS, Paswan VK. The potential of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds for development of functional foods. In: Jimenez-Lopez JC, editor. Advances in Seed Biology. InTech: Rijeka, Croatie; 2017. p. 279–94. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70355
3. Kilor V, Bramhe NN. Development of effective extraction method for Lepidium sativum seed mucilage with higher yield. J Adv Pharm Edu Res. 2014;4(3):354–60
4. Manohar D, Viswanatha GL, Nagesh S, Jain V, Shivaprasad HN. Ethnopharmacology of Lepidium sativum Linn. (Brassicaceae): A review. Int J Phytother Res. 2012;2(1): 1–7
5. Behrouzian F, Razavi SM, Phillips GO. Cress seed (Lepidium sativum) mucilage, an overview. Bioact Carbohydr Dietary Fibre. 2014; 3(1):17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.01.001
6. Roychowdhury R, Mamgain A, Ray S, Tah J. Effect of gibberellic acid, kinetin and indole 3-acetic acid on seed germination performance of Dianthus caryophyllus (Carnation). Agric Conspec Sci. 2012;77(3): 157–60
7. Rademacher W. Plant growth regulators: backgrounds and uses in plant production. J Plant Growth Regul. 2015;34(4):845–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-015-9541-6
8. Miransari M, Smith DL. Plant hormones and seed germination. Environ Exp Bot 2014;99:110–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.11.005
9. Bitarishvili SV, Volkova PY, Geras’kin SA. ?-Irradiation of barley seeds and its effect on the phytohormonal status of seedlings. Russ J Plant Physiol. 2018;65(3):446–54. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443718020024
10. Kumlay A. Combination of the auxins NAA, IBA and IAA with GA3 improves the commercial seed-tuber production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under in vitro conditions. BioMed Res Int. 2014;439259. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2015.1077685
11. Thien Nguyen Q, Kisiala A, Andreas P, Neil Emery RJ, Narine S. Soybean seed development: fatty acid and phytohormone metabolism and their interactions. Curr Genomics. 2016;17(3):241–60
12. Dwevedi A, Kayastha AM. A ?-Galactosidase from pea seeds (Ps BGAL): purification, stabilization, catalytic energetics, conformational heterogeneity and its significance. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(15):7086–96. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900874p
13. Kishore D, Kayastha AM. A ?-galactosidase from chick pea (Cicer arietinum) seeds: Its purification, biochemical properties and industrial applications. Food Chem. 2012;134(2):1113–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.032
14. Ko?odziejek J, Patykowski J, Wala M. Effect of light, gibberellic acid and nitrogen source on germination of eight taxa from dissapearing European temperate forest, Potentillo albae-quercetum. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13101
15. Shuai H, Meng Y, Luo X, Chen F, Zhou W, Dai Y, et al. Exogenous auxin represses soybean seed germination through decreasing the gibberellin/abscisic acid (GA/ABA) ratio. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):12620. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13093-w
16. Nikoli? R, Miti? N, Mileti? R, Neškovi? M. Effects of cytokinins on in vitro seed germination and early seedling morphogenesis in Lotus corniculatus L. J Plant Growth Regul. 2006;25(3):187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-005-0129-4
17. Lee S, Kim SG, Park CM. Salicylic acid promotes seed germination under high salinity by modulating antioxidant activity in Arabidopsis. New Phytol. 2010;188(2):626–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03378.x
18. Batabyal S, Tinkari Dalal T, Tah J. Effect of different seed-sources on germination parameters by means of artificial seed germination of Santalum album L. Int J Pure Appl Biosci. 2014;2(2):149-52
19. Sreekala M, Lalitha K. Selenium-mediated differential response of ?-glucosidase and ?-galactosidase of germinating Trigonella foenum-graecum. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998;64(1–3):247-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02783341
20. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
21. Ge W, Steber CM. Positive and negative regulation of seed germination by the Arabidopsis GA hormone receptors, GID 1a, b, and c. Plant Direct. 2018;2(9):e00083. https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.83
22. Zlesak DC. Factors affecting seed germination of Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet. Seed Sci Technol. 2007;35(3):577–94. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2007.35.3.06
23. Humphries T, Chauhan BS, Florentine SK. Environmental factors effecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an aggressive agricultural weed; Nassella trichotoma. PloSONE. 2018;13(7):e0199491. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199491
24. Hernandez LF. Morphogenesis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as affected by exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Agri Scientia. 1996;12:3–11. https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v13.n0.2477
25. Copur O, Demirel U, Karakus M. Effects of several plant growth regulators on the yield and fiber quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj-Napoca. 2010;38(3): 104–10
26. Fahad S, Hussain S, Saud S, Hassan S, Ihsan Z, Shah AN, et al. Exogenously applied plant growth regulators enhance the morpho-physiological growth and yield of rice under high temperature. Front Plant Sci. 2016;7:1250. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01250
27. Fang S, Gao K, Hu W, Wang S, Chen B, Zhou Z. Foliar and seed application of plant growth regulators affects cotton yield by altering leaf physiology and floral bud carbohydrate accumulation. Field Crops Res. 2019;231:105–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.11.012
28. Suo HC, Li W, Wang KH, Ashraf U, Liu JH, Hu JG, et al. Plant growth regulators in seed coating agent affect seed germination and seedling growth of sweet corn. Appl Ecol Environ Res. 2017;15(4):829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1504_829839
29. Bakrim A, Lamhamdi M, Sayah F, Chib F. Effects of plant hormones and 20-hydroxyecdysone on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) seed germination and seedlings growth. Afr J Biotechnol. 2007;6(24):2792–02
30. Morris K, Linkies A, Müller K, Oracz K, Wang X, Lynn JR, et al. Regulation of seed germination in the close Arabidopsis relative Lepidium sativum: a global tissue-specific transcript analysis. Plant Physiol. 2011;155(4):1851–70. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.169706
31. Dean GH, Zheng H, Tewari J, Huang J, Young DS, Hwang YT, et al. The Arabidopsis MUM2 gene encodes a ? -galactosidase required for the production of seed coat mucilage with correct hydration properties. Plant Cell. 2007;19:4007–21. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.050609
32. Tuan PA, Kumar R, Rehal PK, Toora PK, Ayele BT. Molecular mechanisms underlying abscisic acid/gibberellin balance in the control of seed dormancy and germination in cereals. Front Plant Sci. 2018;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00668
33. Ramaih S, Guedira M, Paulsen GM. Relationship of indoleacetic acid and tryptophan to dormancy and preharvest sprouting of wheat. Funct Plant Biol. 2003;30:939–45. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP03113
34. Jung JH, Park CM. Auxin modulation of salt stress signaling in Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant Signal Behav. 2011;6(8):1198-–200. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.8.1579
35. Liu X, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Feng Z, Li Q, Yang HQ, et al. Auxin controls seed dormancy through stimulation of abscisic acid signaling by inducing ARF-mediated ABI3 activation in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:15485–90. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1304651110
36. Shu K, Liu X-d, Xie Q, He Z-h. Two Faces of One Seed: Hormonal Regulation of Dormancy and Germination. Mol Plant. 2016;9:34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.010
37. Zanotti RF, Dias DCFDS, Barros RS, DaMatta FM, Oliveira GL. Germination and biochemical changes in 'Formosa' papaya seeds treated with plant hormones. Acta Sci Agron. 2014;36(4):435–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v36i4.18057
38. Jameson P, Dhandapani P, Novak O, Song J. Cytokinins and expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP genes increase as pea seeds germinate. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(12):2013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122013
39. Riefler M, Novak O, Strnad M, Schmulling T. Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants reveal functions in shoot growth, leaf senescence, seed size, germination, root development and cytokinin metabolism. Plant Cell. 2006;18:40–54. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.037796
40. Guan C, Wang X, Feng J, Hong S, Liang Y, Ren B, Zuo J. Cytokinin antagonizes abscisic acid-mediated inhibition of cotyledon greening by promoting the degradation of abscisic acid insensitive5 protein in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2014;164(3):1515–26. ?https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.234740
41. Me´traux JP, Signer H, Ryals J, Ward E, Wyss-Benz M, Gaudin J, et al. Increase in salicylic acid at the onset of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber. Science. 1990;250:1004–06. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4983.1004
42. Rajjou L, Belghazi M, Huguet R, Robin C, Moreau A, Job C, et al. Proteomic investigation of the effect of salicylic acid on Arabidopsis seed germination and establishment of early defense mechanisms. Plant Physiol. 2006;141(3):910–23. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.082057
43. Guan L, Scandalios JG. Developmentally related responses of maize catalase genes to salicylic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92(13):5930–34. https://doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.92.13.5930
44. Lamichaney A, Kumar V, Katiyar PK. Effect of seed priming induced metabolic changes on Germination and field emergence of chickpea. J Environ Biol. 2018;39(4):522–28. http://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/39/4/MRN-688
45. Xie Z, Zhang ZL, Hanzlik S, Cook E, Shen QJ. Salicylic acid inhibits gibberellin-induced alpha-amylase expression and seed germination via a pathway involving an abscisic-acid inducible WRKY gene. Plant Mol Biol. 2007;64:293–03. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-007-9152-0
46. Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP, Murr DP, Watkins CB. Influence of salicylic acid on H2O2 production, oxidative stress and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes (salicylic acid-mediated oxidative damage requires H2O2). Plant Physiol. 1997;115(1):137–49.
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03-05-2020
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Alghonmeen OO, Alsharafa KY, Al-limoun MO, Khleifat KM, Al-Ramamneh EA-DM. Assessment of exogenous application of plant growth regulators on Cress seed germination and ?-Galactosidase activity. Plant Sci. Today [Internet]. 2020 May 3 [cited 2024 Nov. 4];7(2):257-63. Available from: https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/743
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