Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Plant Science Today (PST)

Research Articles

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)

Comparative performance of Haloxyfop-R-methyl formulations on weed suppression, growth and energy use in soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivation

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7994
Submitted
28 February 2025
Published
25-07-2025 — Updated on 06-08-2025
Versions

Abstract

Soybean cultivation during the rainy (Kharif) season frequently encounters severe weed infestations, which compete with the crop for essential resources and result in substantial yield losses if not effectively managed. To address this challenge, a field experiment was conducted during the 2022-2023 rainy season at the Agricultural Research Farm of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study employed a randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments, comprising different doses and sources of haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.5 % EC, propaquizafop 10 % EC, a weed-free plot and an untreated control. Among the herbicidal treatments, haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.5 % w/w EC (BCSPL sample) applied at a concentration of 0.33 g/L (T3) demonstrated the most effective weed suppression, which translated into improved crop growth and higher yield performance. This treatment significantly reduced weed density and biomass accumulation, thereby enhancing weed control efficiency, weed control index, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index, while simultaneously lowering the weed persistence index. As a result, T3 recorded a higher stover yield of 2152 kg/ha and a seed yield of 1499 kg/ha, along with an improved harvest index of 41.22 %. Additionally, substantial increases were observed in energy use efficiency (49.14 %), energy efficiency ratio (50.63 %), energy productivity (50.81 %) and energy profitability (53.83 %) in comparison to the untreated control. Thus, haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.5 % w/w EC (BCSPL sample) at 0.33 g/L represents a viable, efficient and sustainable weed management strategy for maximizing soybean productivity and profitability under rainy season conditions in the eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

References

  1. 1. Soybean Processors Association of India (SOPA) [Internet]. Soybean Crop Production Report. 2021. https://www.sopa.org/
  2. 2. Gharde Y, Singh PK, Dubey RP, Gupta PK. Assessment of yield and economic losses in agriculture due to weeds in India. Crop Protection. 2018;107:12-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.01.007
  3. 3. Prachand S, Kalhapure A, Kubde KJ. Weed management in soybean with pre and post-emergence herbicides. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 2015;47(2):163–5.
  4. 4. Sravya N, Chauhan S, Rekha KB, Chaitanya AK. Efficacy of new generation herbicides in soybean (Glycine max. L). International Journal of Environment and Climate Change. 2023;13(9):3397-402. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92653
  5. 5. Chander S, Ghosh D, Tyagi VC, Chethan CR, Pawar D, Gharde Y, et al. Imazethapyr-resistant jungle rice (Echinochloa colona) in soybean growing belt of central India: A case study. Agricultural Research. 2023;12(3):298-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-023-00651-0
  6. 6. Yadav R, Bhullar MS, Kaur S, Kaur T, Jhala AJ. Weed control in conventional soybean with pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr+ imazamox/quizalofop-p-ethyl. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 2017;97(4):654-64. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2016-0123
  7. 7. Arshad MA, Abbas RN, Khaliq A, Ahmed Z. Ecological approaches to sustainable soybean production with sequential herbicide applications and their impact on weed dynamics and crop yield. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2025;26(2):231-57. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/196673
  8. 8. Soni R. Evaluation of haloxyfop r methyl for weed management in soybean [thesis]. Jabalpur (MP): Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya. 2023.
  9. 9. Janiya JD, Moody K. Weed populations in trans planted and wet‐seeded rice as affected by weed control method. Tropical Pest Management. 1989;35(1):8–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878909371311
  10. 10. Das TK. Towards better appraisal of herbicide bio-efficacy. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 2001;71:676–8.
  11. 11. Das TK. Weed science: basics and applications. New Delhi (India): Jain Brothers. 2008.
  12. 12. Mishra M, Misra A. Estimation of IPM index in jute: A new approach. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 1997;29:39–42.
  13. 13. Mittal JP. Research manual on energy requirements in agricultural sector. Ludhiana: Punjab Agricultural University. 1988.
  14. 14. Devasenapathy P, Ramesh T, Gangwar B. Efficiency indices for agriculture management research. New Delhi (India): New India Publishing Agency. 2008.
  15. 15. Devasenapathy P, Senthilkumar G, Shanmugam PM. Energy management in crop production. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 2009;54(1):80–90.
  16. 16. Chaudhary VP, Gangwar B, Pandey DK, Gangwar KS. Energy auditing of diversified Paddy-wheat cropping systems in Indo-Gangetic plains. Energy. 2009;34(9):1091–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.04.017
  17. 17. Nassiri SM, Singh S. Study on energy use efficiency for paddy crop using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. Applied Energy. 2009;86(7-8):1320–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.10.007
  18. 18. Rafiee S, Avval SHM, Mohammadi A. Modeling and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for apple production in Iran. Energy. 2010;35:3301–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.04.015
  19. 19. Jekayinfa SO, Adeleke KM, Ogunlade CA, Sasanya BF, Azeez NA. Energy and exergy analysis of Soybean production and processing system. Cleaner Engineering and Technology. 2022;10:100540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100540
  20. 20. Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. Hoboken (USA): John wiley & sons. 1984.
  21. 21. Bhimwal JP, Verma A, Nepalia V, Gupta V. Bio-efficacy of different tank mix herbicides for weed control in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Legume Research International Journal. 2019;42(3):416-20. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4009
  22. 22. Kutariye JK, Kushwaha HS, Kewat ML. Weed flora associated in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) under Kymore Plateau and Satpura hills of Madhya Pradesh. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2021;10(7):132-6.
  23. 23. Panda S, Lal S, Kewat ML, Sharma JK, Saini MK. Weed control in soybean with propaquizafop alone and in mixture with imazethapyr. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 2015;47(1):31–3.
  24. 24. Singh VP, Singh SP, Pratap T, Kumar A, Saini S, Tripathi N, et al. Effect of haloxyfop on narrow-leaved weeds in blackgram and its residual effect on succeed rice crop. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 2023;55:54-7. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2023.00010.2
  25. 25. Shittu EA, Bassey MS. Weed persistence, crop resistance and herbicide phytotonic effects in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) under various weed control treatments in Kano, Nigeria. World News of Natural Sciences. 2023;48:60-9.
  26. 26. Kumar S, Rana MC, Rana SS, Sharma A. Effect of propaquizafop alone and in mixture with other herbicides on weed dry weight and growth and yield of soybean. Journal of Crop and Weed. 2018;14(2):149-53.
  27. 27. Kumar S, Angiras NN, Rana SS, Thakur AS. Evaluation of doses of some herbicides to manage weeds in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Indian Journal of Weed Science. 2008;40(1-2):56-61.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.